Gross Anatomy - Pelvis Part 1
T or F: The viscera of the pelvic floor passively contracts during coughing, sneezing, and lifting.
False - actively
T or F: The hip bones are tilted more posteriorly than people think.
False - tilted more anteriorly
The main anatomical difference of male and female pelvises?
Females have wider, broader, shallower hips for childbearing.
The endopelvic fascia can merge to form the _________ where vessels and nerves run through.
Hypogastric sheath
Landmark: T7
Inferior angle of scapula
What runs from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle?
Inguinal ligament
Landmark: S2
PSIS
Landmark: T3
Root of spine of scapula
Landmark: L4
Top if iliac crest
T or F: The ASIS and top of pubic crest should be in alignment in anatomical position.
True
T or F: The pubic bone helps support the weight of the bladder.
True
T or F: The shape of the pelvic inlet is different between females and males.
True
T or F: The viscera of the pelvic floor are tonically contracted most of the time.
True
T or F: The viscera of the pelvic floor assist in maintaining urinary and fecal incontinence.
True
Which of the following is not an effect of relaxin on the pelvic cavity? a) AP diameter widens b) coccyx moves backwards c) sway-back in late pregnancy d) transverse diameter widens
a) AP diameter widens
__________ pelvises are deep and narrow. a) Male b) Female
a) Male
____________ is a masculine pelvic type with a heart-shaped inlet, prominent ischial spines, and a narrower pelvic outlet. a) android b) anthropoid c) gynecoid d) platypelloid
a) android
Males tend to have a more __________ and _____________ shape to their pelvices. a) android b) anthropoid c) gynecoid d) platypelloid
a) android b) anthropoid
Which of the following ligaments are very strong and keep the ilium attached to the sacrum?? Choose all that apply. a) anterior sacroiliac ligament b) interosseous sacroiliac ligament c) sacrotuberous ligament d) posterior sacroiliac ligament
a) anterior sacroiliac ligament b) interosseous sacroiliac ligament d) posterior sacroiliac ligament
Which of the following compose the pelvic floor (diaphragm) of the pelvic cavity? Select all that apply. a) coccygeus b) pubic bones c) obturator internus d) pubic symphysis e) piriformis f) levator ani
a) coccygeus f) levator ani
Which of the following compose the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity? Select all that apply. a) hip bones b) pubic bones c) obturator internus d) pubic symphysis e) obturator foramen f) fascia
a) hip bones c) obturator internus e) obturator foramen f) fascia
Two secondary joints of the pelvic girdle include - a) lumbosacral joint b) SI joint c) sacrococcygeal joint d) pubic symphysis
a) lumbosacral joint c) sacrococcygeal joint
Which of the following is not a portion of the levator ani ? a) piriformis b) puborectalis c) pubococcygeus d) iliococcygeus
a) piriformis
What are the main hormones that let the pelvic ligaments relax and prepare the pelvic cavity to expand for vaginal delivery? a) progesterone b) estrogen c) FSH d) relaxin
a) progesterone d) relaxin
The ____________ ligament runs from the ischial spine to the sacrum and prevents the sacrum from sway-back. a) sacrospinous ligament b) interosseous sacroiliac ligament c) iliolumbar ligament d) posterior sacroiliac ligament
a) sacrospinous ligament
The __________ fossa sits on the superior portion of the bladder. a) supravesical fossa b) paravesical fossa c) retrovesical pouch d) vesicouterine pouch
a) supravesical fossa
The __________ conjugate is measured from the sacral promontory to the posterior superior pubic symphysis. a) true conjugate b) false conjugate c) diagonal conjugate d) lateral conjugate
a) true conjugate
The __________ conjugate is the most narrow, fixed portion of the canal that cannot be measured directly bc the pubis/bladder are in the way. a) true conjugate b) false conjugate c) diagonal conjugate d) lateral conjugate
a) true conjugate
What percentage of newborns have sacral dimples? a) 10-15% b) 2-4% c) 5-10% d) 20-40%`
b) 2-4%
__________ pelvises are wider, broader, and shallower. a) Male b) Female
b) Female
The strong, weight-bearing joint that transfers weight from the axial skeleton to the appendicular skeleton. a) lumbosacral joint b) SI joint c) sacrococcygeal joint d) pubic symphysis
b) SI joint
Unique in that the anterior portion is a synovial joint and has synovial fluid but not as much movement as a typical synovial joint has. a) lumbosacral joint b) SI joint c) sacrococcygeal joint d) pubic symphysis
b) SI joint
Connection sites of the pelvic girdle: a) lumbosacral joint b) SI joint c) sacrococcygeal joint d) pubic symphysis
b) SI joint d) pubic symphysis
Two primary joints of the pelvic girdle include - a) lumbosacral joint b) sacroiliac joint (SI) c) sacrococcygeal joint d) pubic symphysis
b) SI joint d) pubic symphysis
_______________ resembles the pelvis of an ape with an oval-shaped inlet with a greatly elongated AP diameter and shortened transverse dimension. Possesses a larger outlet. a) android b) anthropoid c) gynecoid d) platypelloid
b) anthropoid
The ________ fossa sits on the sides of the bladder. a) supravesical fossa b) paravesical fossa c) retrovesical pouch d) vesicouterine pouch
b) paravesical fossa
The outer portion or superficial part of the pelvis is called the - a) pelvic outlet b) perineum c) pelvic inlet d) perineal body
b) perineum
Which of the following compose the anterolateral wall of the pelvic cavity? Select all that apply. a) hip bones b) pubic bones c) obturator internus d) pubic symphysis e) obturator foramen f) fascia
b) pubic bones d) pubic symphysis
The innermost, most medial portion of the levator ani that sends a muscular slip behind the anal canal to help form the anal-rectal junction is the - a) piriformis b) puborectalis c) pubococcygeus d) iliococcygeus
b) puborectalis
The _______________ ligament is part of the tendinous arch that holds the bladder to the anterior pelvic wall. a) superior pubic ligament b) pubovesical ligament c) puboprostatic ligament d) inferior pubic (arcuate) ligament
b) pubovesical ligament
To have a bowel movement, you have to ________ the levator ani, specifically the puborectalis muscle. a) constrict b) relax c) constrict and then relax d) do nothing
b) relax
Which of the following ligaments keep the sacrum from swaying posteriorly when in standing or weight-bearing postures? a) interosseous sacroiliac ligament b) sacrotuberous ligament c) iliolumbar ligament d) sacrospinous ligament
b) sacrotuberous ligament d) sacrospinous ligament
Which direction can the pelvis increase in size during childbirth? a) A-P b) transverse
b) transverse
The ___________ lines the pelvic organs. a) endoabdominal fascia b) visceral pelvic fascia c) endopelvic fascia d) parietal pelvic fascia
b) visceral pelvic fascia
The "sunny side-up" position is - a) occiput anterior (OA) b) normal birthing position of fetus c) occiput posterior (OP) d) none of the above
c) OP
Anterior/posterior trauma will most likely injure which of the following? a) liver b) stomach c) anterior viscera d) bladder
c) anterior viscera d) bladder
Which of the following is not part of the pelvic girdle? a) ilium b) ischium c) coccyx d) pubis e) sacrum
c) coccyx
The ____________ conjugate is an estimate of the pelvic diameter by inserting fingers into the vagina to see where the tip of the finger meets the sacral promontory. a) true conjugate b) false conjugate c) diagonal conjugate d) lateral conjugate
c) diagonal conjugate
In between the parietal pelvic fascia and the visceral pelvic fascia - a) endoabdominal fascia b) visceral pelvic fascia c) endopelvic fascia d) parietal pelvic fascia
c) endopelvic fascia
The normal position for the fetus is - a) sunny side-up b) face towards the environment c) face towards mother's back d) occiput posterior (OP)
c) face towards mother's back (OA)
Females tend to have a more __________ shape to their pelvices. a) android b) anthropoid c) gynecoid d) platypelloid
c) gynecoid
__________ is a normal and most suitable shaped pelvis for childbirth. a) android b) anthropoid c) gynecoid d) platypelloid
c) gynecoid
The ____________ allows for movement at the pubic symphysis such as during birth. a) obturator membrane b) superior pubic ligament c) interpubic disc d) inferior pubic (arcuate) ligament
c) interpubic disc
Pubococcygeus muscle sends slips of muscle to reinforce the __________ portion. a) anterior b) posterior c) medial d) lateral
c) medial
Which of the following does not make up the pelvic brim? a) sacral promontory b) arcuate line c) obturator membrane d) pecten pubis e) margin of ala f) pubic crest
c) obturator membrane
The pelvic brim, which separates the greater and lesser pelvis, is also known as - a) pelvic outlet b) sacral promontory c) pelvic inlet d) margin of ala
c) pelvic inlet
The ______________ ligament is part of the tendinous arch that holds the prostate to the anterior pelvic wall. a) superior pubic ligament b) pubovesical ligament c) puboprostatic ligament d) inferior pubic (arcuate) ligament
c) puboprostatic ligament
The ___________ sits between the rectum and the bladder in males and is the ** most inferior portion of the peritoneal cavity in males ** a) supravesical fossa b) paravesical fossa c) retrovesical pouch d) vesicouterine pouch
c) retrovesical pouch
The __________ ligament is part of the tendinous arch that attaches the uterus to the posterior wall. It is also called the uterosacral ligament. a) superior pubic ligament b) pubovesical ligament c) sacrogenital ligament d) paracolpium
c) sacrogenital ligament
The __________ ligament divides the sciatic foramen into the greater sciatic foramen and the lesser sciatic foramen. a) anterior sacroiliac ligament b) interosseous sacroiliac ligament c) sacrospinous ligament d) posterior sacroiliac ligament
c) sacrospinous ligament
The SI joint is locked in place by all of the following ligaments EXCEPT - a) anterior sacroiliac ligament b) interosseous sacroiliac ligament c) sacrotuberous ligament d) posterior sacroiliac ligament
c) sacrotuberous ligament
The _________ ligament runs from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity, connecting the lower sacrum to the hip girdle to prevent sway-back. a) anterior sacroiliac ligament b) interosseous sacroiliac ligament c) sacrotuberous ligament d) posterior sacroiliac ligament
c) sacrotuberous ligament
One of the origins of the levator ani is the __________, formed by the thickening of the obturator internus fascia. a) puborectal sling b) coccygeus muscle c) tendinous arch d) puborectalis muscle
c) tendinous arch
The ___________ ligament holds the cervix to the lateral pelvic walls. a) obturator ligament b) superior pubic ligament c) transverse cervical (marginal) ligament d) inferior pubic (arcuate) ligament
c) transverse cervical (marginal) ligament
Which of the following are true of the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments? a) prevent sway-back posture b) prevent backwards sway of sacrum c) prevent upward tilting of the pelvis during standing d) all of the above
d) all of the above are true
The most posterior and lateral portion of the levator ani - a) piriformis b) puborectalis c) pubococcygeus d) iliococcygeus
d) iliococcygeus
The __________ is the inferior portion of the tendinous arch that holds the upper portion of the vagina to the posterolateral wall. a) superior pubic ligament b) pubovesical ligament c) sacrogenital ligament d) paracolpium
d) paracolpium
The ____________ fascia is the lining of the muscles forming the walls of the pelvic cavity, specifically the piriformis, obturator internus, levator ani, etc... a) endoabdominal fascia b) visceral pelvic fascia c) endopelvic fascia d) parietal pelvic fascia
d) parietal pelvic fascia
Which of the following is not considered part of the pelvic outlet? a) pubic bone b) ischiopubic ramus c) coccyx d) pecten pubis e) ischial tuberosity f) sacrotuberous ligament
d) pecten pubis
_____________ is a foreshortened AP dimension of the pelvic inlet and wider in the transverse dimension. a) android b) anthropoid c) gynecoid d) platypelloid
d) platypelloid
The __________ is the ** lowest portion ** of the peritoneal cavity in females. a) supravesical fossa b) paravesical fossa c) retrovesical pouch d) retrouterine pouch
d) retro-uterine pouch
The peritoneum extends down into the pelvic cavity and reflects itself around the - a) greater pelvis b) abdominal viscera c) ovary d) superior pelvic viscera
d) superior pelvic viscera
Which of the following compose the posterosuperior wall of the pelvic cavity? Select all that apply. a) coccygeus b) pubic bones c) obturator internus d) pubic symphysis e) piriformis f) levator ani
e) piriformis
The pelvic fascia is a continuation of the __________ fascia
endoabdominal
The greater and lesser pelvis are separated by the -
pelvic brim (pelvic inlet)
Peritoneal folds become important when you have an infection or fluid within the lowest portion of the ________ cavity.
peritoneal
Peritoneum reflects on top of the pelvic viscera, leaving -
pouches
All fascial planes of the pelvis merge together to support the pelvic viscera so they don't -
prolapse
Puborectalis muscle - forms a sling around the rectum called the _____________ which helps prevent fecal incontinence.
puborectal sling
What is the innervation of the pelvic floor?
pudendal nerve - S2,S3,S4
Where the parietal pelvic fascia and the visceral pelvic fascia meet is called the -
tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia
Which of the following is not contained in the greater pelvis? a) ilium b) cecum c) appendix d) sigmoid colon e) abdominal viscera
All of the above are within the greater pelvis
Peritoneal folds onto the pelvic viscera to create which of the following spaces? a) supravesical fossa b) paravesical fossa c) retrovesical pouch d) vesicouterine pouch
All of the following
T or F: The sacrotuberous ligament and sacrospinous ligament are part of the SI joint and keep the sacrum from swaying posteriorly into a sway-back posture.
All of the statement is true EXCEPT that those ligaments are not considered part of the SI joint
T or F: Sacral dimples are fairly common; they are inferior to the sacrum right above the intergluteal cleft formed by the coccyx and they are pretty normal findings.
All of the statement is true except the normal finding part - they are abnormal, usually benign but can indicate spina bifida
Why is the OA position of the baby - baby's occiput anterior to birthing canal - the preferred birthing position?
Bc the coccyx moves backwards during birth so the baby's face will clear the pelvic bones without getting scratched
