Group 1 - Chapter 09: Section 9.1-9.2 - Biotechnology and DNA Technology

Which of the following statements correctly differentiates biotechnology from rDNA technology?

Biotechnology involves any use of microorganisms or cells to make products, regardless of the means used. Recombinant DNA technology involves methods for handling and modifying DNA and inserting it into different types of cells.

Which of the following is NOT true of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Large amounts of DNA must be isolated from the source organism.

Which of the following is an example of a cloning vector?

Plasmid

__________ is a technique used to quickly amplify specific sequences of DNA.

Polymerase chain reaction

__________, useful in recombinant DNA technology, are bacterial enzymes that recognize and cut specific sequences of DNA. (2 words)

Restriction enzymes

Which of these statements is true for restriction enzymes?

Restriction enzymes are useful in genetic engineering when they make staggered cuts in DNA.

Which of the following can be used as vectors to genetically modify cells?

Viruses Shuttle vectors Plasmids All of these*

The process of making multiple copies of a DNA molecule is referred to as __________.

amplification

When two DNA pieces cut with the same restriction enzyme are combined, sticky ends will __________.

associate by complementary base pairing and hydrogen bonds

If DNA ligase were NOT used in the creation of a recombinant plasmid, __________.

base-pairing would occur but the sugar phosphate backbone would not be connected

The use of microorganisms, cells, or cell components to make products such as hormones, antibiotics, food, or vaccines is known as __________.

biotechnology

A culture of identical cells, each derived from a single "parental cell," is referred to as a(n) __________.

clone

Recombinant DNA technology is used for all of the following EXCEPT __________.

culturing unknown organisms

In nature, the function of restriction enzymes is to __________.

destroy bacteriophage DNA

A plasmid that has been cleaved with EcoRI can recombine with another plasmid that has been __________.

digested with EcoRI

A good cloning vector __________.

should have a gene or genes that allows for selection of transformed host cells

Plasmids that can exist in disparate species such as a bacterium and a plant cell are called __________ vectors, and they can be used to transfer cloned DNA from one type of organism to another.

shuttle

A novel restriction enzyme makes staggered cuts in the two strands of DNA. The staggered cuts are called __________.

sticky ends

The basic steps to genetically modify a cell are listed below. Which step would come LAST?

transformation

The introduction of external pieces of "naked" DNA from solution into a cell is referred to as __________.

transformation