Growth & Development (NB and Infant)
The student nurse is caring for a 2 1/2-week-old in the newborn intensive care unit. Which term is most accurate when discussing this client? Child Newborn Baby Infant
Newborn
HR of 1 yr old
100
12 Month old BP
100/60
RR of 1 yr old
20-30
What reflexes should diminish over first few months of life?
Moro and rooting reflexes
By 1 year of age, the infant has ________ the birth weight.
tripled
A 9-month-old has been brought to the clinic for a well-child visit. The mother reports her son was born 6 weeks prematurely. During the data collection, the child's mother reports her son seems to be a few months "behind" what she recalls from her older children. What is the best response by the nurse? "You should talk with the doctor about getting your son tested." "Delays are normal when a child is premature." "We will need to check this out since any delays related to prematurity should be resolved by the time a child is 6 months old." "All children mature and develop at different rates so it is unwise to compare them in this way."
"Delays are normal when a child is premature." use adjusted age to determine expected outcomes ^subtract nuber of weeks that the infant was premature from infants chronological age
The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parent of a 2-month-old infant in relation to growth and development. Which statement from the parent demonstrates proper understanding? "I can expect my infant to be able to raise the head up when on the stomach within the next month." "I can expect my infant to become clingy around strangers within the next month." "I can expect my infant to laugh out loud within the next month." "I can expect my infant to be able to hold a rattle within the next month."
"I can expect my infant to be able to raise the head up when on the stomach within the next month."
During the first visit to the pediatrician's practice the nurse is performing an admission interview and assessment of a 4-week-old infant. The mother states, "I am sure my baby girl knows my smell because she is much more settled in my arms rather than my mother's arms when she is upset." What is an appropriate response by the nurse? "You may be right, since infants can sense their mother's smell as early as 7 days old." "I'm not sure a 4-week-old infant can tell their mother from another woman's smell." "Maybe she just knows your voice better than your mother's." "Babies really can't tell the difference between people at that age."
"You may be right, since infants can sense their mother's smell as early as 7 days old."
The infant weighs 6 lb 8 oz (2,950 g) at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, what would be an expected weight for this child at the age of 12 months? 13 lb (5900 g) 10 lb 8 oz (4760 g) 15 lb 4 oz (6920 g) 19 lb 8 oz (8825 g)
19 lb 8 oz (8825 g)
The infant weighs 7 lb 4 oz (3,300 g) at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, what would be the expected weight for this child at the age of 12 months? 25 lb (11.3 kg) 28 lb 4 oz (12.8 kg) 21 lb 12 oz (9.9 kg) 14 lb 8 oz (6.6 kg)
21 lb 12 oz (9.9 kg)
RR of NB (birth-28 days)
30-60
Expected BP in an NB (birth-28 days)
60/40
The sense of smell develops rapidly: the ___day-old infant can differentiate the smell of his or her mother's breast milk from that of another woman and will preferentially turn toward the mother's smell.
7 day
What is the correct amount of wet diapers a mature infant should produce each day? An infant should have 6 to 8 wet diapers/day. An infant should have 1 to 2 wet diapers/day. An infant should have 3 to 5 wet diapers/day. An infant should have 9 to 10 wet diapers/day.
An infant should have 6 to 8 wet diapers/day.
When performing neurological reflexes on the infant, which primitive reflex will be present longest? Babinski Moro rooting step
Babinski
The nurse is assessing the 18-month-old infant. The nurse notes the anterior fontanel (fontanelle) has closed. What initial action by the nurse is indicated? a. Measure the infant's head circumference. b. Notify the infant's health care provider. c. Document the findings as normal. d. Review the birth records of the infant to see if there were any other anomalies.
Document the findings as normal.
An infant is breastfed. When assessing the stools, which findings would be typical? Less constipation than bottle-fed infants Harder stools than those of bottle-fed infants Fewer stools than bottle-fed infants A strong odor
Less constipation than bottle-fed infants
From birth to 28 days you call a baby a ____________.
Newborn
A nurse is educating a client being discharged with her newborn baby. What is the highest priority item that must be included in the teaching plan? Restrain the baby in a car seat. Give warm bottles of formula to the baby. Keep all pots and pans in lower cabinets. Lock all cabinets that contain cleaning supplies.
Restrain the baby in a car seat.
The nurse is conducting a physical examination of an 8-month-old infant. Which observation may be cause for concern about the infant's neurologic development? The infant's toes hyperextend when the bottom of the foot is stroked. The infant grasps a finger when it is placed in the palm. The anterior fontanel (fontanelle) is open and easily palpated. The infant displays an asymmetric tonic neck reflex (fencing reflex).
The infant displays an asymmetric tonic neck reflex (fencing reflex).
A nurse is talking to and making facial expressions at a 9-month-old baby girl during a routine office visit. What is the most advanced milestone of language development that the nurse should expect to see in this child? The infant says "da-da" when looking at her father The infant squeals with pleasure The infant coos, babbles, and gurgles The infant imitates her father's cough
The infant says "da-da" when looking at her father
A first-time mother calls the pediatrician's office to ask the nurse about her baby's tooth eruption. The baby is 8 months old and still does not have any teeth. What information can the nurse share with this mother that would correctly respond to her anxiety about her baby's dentition? a. Look for the baby to start running a fever and develop a stuffy nose and that will indicate his teeth are coming in. A baby's first teeth should erupt by 8 to 10 months of age and are the two lower front teeth. If the baby does not have any teeth come in by next month, the mother needs to bring him back for x-rays. Tooth eruption is often genetically based, with some families having babies with early tooth eruption, while others have late tooth eruption.
Tooth eruption is often genetically based, with some families having babies with early tooth eruption, while others have late tooth eruption.
The nurse is assessing an 6-month-old infant at a well-baby visit and is answering questions from the new mother. Which response should the nurse prioritize when addressing the mother's question concerning what the infant should be learning at this point in life? Trust Love Feel anger Fear
Trust
A new mother reports that she is exhausted and that the little sleep she gets is determined by her baby. Which suggestion should the nurse prioritize to help the mother establish healthy sleeping patterns in her infant? Put the baby to bed at various times of the evening. Let the baby cry during the night and she will eventually fall back to sleep. Use the crib for sleeping only, not for play activities. Wake the baby from afternoon naps after 1 hour to ensure she is sleepy by nighttime.
Use the crib for sleeping only, not for play activities.
The parent of an infant asks the nurse when to begin brushing the infant's teeth. What would be the nurse's best response? when weaning is complete as soon as the first tooth erupts by 12 months of age as soon as the infant begins to eat fruit
as soon as the first tooth erupts
The best way for an infant's parent to help the child complete the developmental task of the first year is to: a. keep the infant stimulated with many toys. b. respond to the infant consistently. c. expose the infant to many caregivers to help the infant learn variability. d. talk to the infant at a special time each day.
b. respond to the infant consistently.
The nurse conducting a 6-month well-baby check-up assesses for the presence/absence of the asymmetric tonic neck reflex. At this age the reflex: should be pronounced and easy to elicit. is expected to appear within 1 month. is a protective reflex and retained for life. should have disappeared.
should have disappeared.
A 12-month-old seen at a walk-in clinic weighed 8 pounds 4 ounces (3750 g) at birth. Weight now is 20 pounds 8 ounces (9300 g). The nurse determines: the weight assessment is blatantly inaccurate. the child weighs more than expected for age. the child weighs the expected amount for age. the child weighs less than expected for age.
the child weighs less than expected for age.
A mother asks the nurse where the microwave is so that she can warm up breast milk to feed her baby. What is the best response by the nurse? "Make sure that you test the milk on your wrist before feeding." "You should warm the milk under warm water instead." "Breast milk can be given cold, so there is no need to heat it." "You should only give fresh breast milk to an infant."
"You should warm the milk under warm water instead."
The mother of a 1-month-old infant voices concern about her baby's respirations. She states they are rapid and irregular. Which information should the nurse provide? The normal respiratory rate for an infant at this age is between 20 and 30 breaths per minute. The irregularity of the infant's respirations are concerning; I will notify the physician. An infant at this age should have regular respirations. The respirations of a 1-month-old infant are normally irregular and periodically pause.
The respirations of a 1-month-old infant are normally irregular and periodically pause.
The nurse is assessing the oral cavity of a 6-month-old child. When palpating the location in which the first primary teeth erupt, which location is being assessed? lower lateral gumline upper lateral gumline lower central gumline upper central gumline
lower central gumline
The best way for an infant's parent to help the child complete the developmental task of the first year is to: talk to the infant at a special time each day. respond to the infant consistently. keep the infant stimulated with many toys. expose the infant to many caregivers to help the infant learn variability.
respond to the infant consistently.
The nurse is educating the mother of a newborn about feeding practices. The nurse correctly advises the mother that: the newborn's stomach can hold between 0.5 oz and 1 oz. most newborns need to eat about 4 times per day. demand scheduled feeding is associated with increased difficulty getting the baby to sleep through the night. the best feeding schedule offers food every 4 to 6 hours.
the newborn's stomach can hold between 0.5 oz and 1 oz.
The parents of an 8-month-old boy voice concern to the nurse that their child is not developing motor skills as he should. What question would be appropriate for the nurse to ask in determining if their fears are warranted? "Does he move a toy back and forth from one hand to the other when you give it to him?" "Is he able to drink with a cup by himself?" "Is he able to hold a pencil and scribble on paper?" "Does he place toys into a box or container and take them out?"
"Does he move a toy back and forth from one hand to the other when you give it to him?"
The nurse is assessing a 1-year-old at the well-child annual visit and notes the child is meeting the growth parameters. After noting the birth weight was 8 pounds (3.6 kg) and length was 20 inches (50.8 cm) long, which measurements reflecting height/weight would the nurse expect to document for this visit? 16 lb (7.2 kg) and 26 inches (65 cm) 20 lb (9.1 kg) and 28 inches (70 cm) 24 pounds (10.8 kg) and 30 inches (75 cm) 28 pounds (12.7 kg) and 32 inches (80 cm)
24 pounds (10.8 kg) and 30 inches (75 cm)
Which client will the nurse assess first after receiving 0700 shift report? A 6-month-old infant with a respiratory rate of 44 breaths/minute A 1-month-old infant with positive Moro and root reflexes A 1-day-old newborn who just passed a black, sticky stool A 12-month-old infant with a blood pressure of 60/40 mm Hg
A 12-month-old infant with a blood pressure of 60/40 mm Hg
The nurse is educating a first-time mother who has a 1-week-old infant. Which anticipatory guidance is accurate? a. explaining that the child will need frequent feedings every 2 to 3 hours b. describing the effect of neonatal teeth on breastfeeding c. telling the mother that the step reflex persists until the infant walks d. informing that fontanels (fontanelles) will close by 6 months
a. explaining that the child will need frequent feedings every 2 to 3 hours
The nurse is educating the mother of a 6-month-old boy about the symptoms for teething. Which symptom would the nurse identify? a. increased biting and sucking b. choosing soft foods over hard foods c. running a mild fever or vomiting d. frequent loose stools
a. increased biting and sucking
The_________________________ normally disappears by between 4 and 7 months, the_____________by between 3 and 6 months, and the ______________(fanning of toes when sole of foot stroked) between 12 and 24 months. Retaining these primitive reflexes may indicate a neurologic abnormality.
tonic neck reflex palmar grasp reflex Babinski reflex
A nurse is reviewing the health records of several 4-month-old infants who were seen in the pediatric office today. Which infant behavior will require referral for further evaluation of growth and development? reaches for nearby objects rolls from prone to supine position unable to support head cannot sit without assistance
unable to support head
The nurse is completing a developmental assessment on a 6-month-old infant. Which findings indicate the need for additional follow-up? Select all that apply. a. The infant is unable string together 2 word sentences. b. The infant has frequent episodes of crossed eyes. c. The infant does not pay attention to noises behind him. d. The infant seems disinterested in the surrounding environment. e. The infant babbles.
b. The infant has frequent episodes of crossed eyes. c. The infant does not pay attention to noises behind him. d. The infant seems disinterested in the surrounding environment.
The nurse is teaching the parents of a 9-month-old infant about proper dental care. Which statement by the parents most concerns the nurse? a. "We only brush our infant's teeth twice a day." b. "We use a fluoridated toothpaste to brush our infant's teeth." c. "We prefer to use a cloth instead of a brush for cleaning the teeth and gums." d. "Our infant goes to sleep at night with a bottle of milk or juice."
d. "Our infant goes to sleep at night with a bottle of milk or juice."
The English-speaking nurse is assessing a 12-month-old child with an English-speaking father and a Spanish-speaking mother. The child does not use words like "drink" "dog" or "ball." What is the nurse's priority intervention? a. performing a developmental evaluation of the child b. encouraging the parents to speak only one language to the child c. asking the mother if the child uses Spanish words for those items d. referring the child to a developmental specialist to rule out developmental delay
c. asking the mother if the child uses Spanish words for those items
The nurse is assessing an infant at the 6-month well-baby check-up. The nurse notes that at birth the baby weighed 8 lb (3600 g) and was 20 in (50.8 cm) in length. Which finding is consistent with the normal infant growth and development? weight of 14 lb (6400 g) and length of 24 in (61.0 cm) weight of 16 lb (7300 g) and length of 26 in (66.0 cm) weight of 18 lb (8200 g) and length of 28 in (71.1 cm) weight of 20 lb (9100 g) and length of 30 in (76.2 cm)
weight of 16 lb (7300 g) and length of 26 in (66.0 cm)
The nurse is educating the parents of a newborn prior to discharge home. The parents demonstrate teaching was successful when making which statement(s)? Select all that apply. "My newborn can see up-close things, like our faces, better than things at a distance." "I plan to add a little rice cereal to my breast milk so my newborn will sleep longer at night." "We should get some rest in about 1 month when the newborn starts sleeping through the night." "I will not be concerned if my newborn has stools that begin to have a yellowish color to them." "I understand it is normal for newborns to lose 5% to 10% of their bodyweight after birth."
"I will not be concerned if my newborn has stools that begin to have a yellowish color to them." "I understand it is normal for newborns to lose 5% to 10% of their bodyweight after birth." "My newborn can see up-close things, like our faces, better than things at a distance."
A breastfeeding mother asks the nurse about when she can begin feeding her 5-month-old infant some solids and vitamins. Which information provided by the nurse would most accurately address this mother's concerns? a. The first food offered to an infant is iron-enriched rice cereal and can be started now. Additionally, the infant needs to receive vitamin D and iron. b. If you give him one or two bottles of juice each day, he should get all the vitamins he needs. You can begin fruits and cereal in 1 month. c. You can begin feeding the infant fruits and vegetables now followed by iron-enriched cereal to ensure that he gets enough iron. d. At 6 months, you need to quit breastfeeding because he is not getting enough iron or vitamin C and D and that should help him transition to solids better.
a. The first food offered to an infant is iron-enriched rice cereal and can be started now. Additionally, the infant needs to receive vitamin D and iron.
The nurse is caring for the family with a 2-month-old boy with colic. The mother reports feeling very stressed by the baby's constant crying. Which intervention would provide the most help in the short term? a. Assessing the parents' care and feeding skills. b. Watching how the parents respond to the child. c. Educating the parents about when colic stops. d. Urging the baby's mother to take time for herself away from the child.
d. Urging the baby's mother to take time for herself away from the child.
The nurse in a community clinic is caring for a 6-month-old infant and parent. Which nursing intervention is priority? monitoring the infant's weight and height encouraging a more frequent feeding schedule obtaining the infant's current feeding pattern recommending higher-calorie solid foods
monitoring the infant's weight and height
The nurse is providing a nutrition workshop for the parents of infants. The nurse understands that further instruction is required when hearing which comments from the parents? Select all that apply. a. "I have tried at least 10 times with every green vegetable and I can't get my son to like them." b. "I try to eat healthy in front of my daughter so she will hopefully pick up good eating habits." c. "I plan on encouraging my son to cook with me when he is old enough so that he will enjoy a variety of foods and learn how to cook too." d. "Food is so expensive. I can't afford for my child to leave any food on the plate." e. "I let my child eat whatever he wants right now so that we don't argue about food. Hopefully he will like healthy foods when he grows up."
a. "I have tried at least 10 times with every green vegetable and I can't get my son to like them." d. "Food is so expensive. I can't afford for my child to leave any food on the plate." e. "I let my child eat whatever he wants right now so that we don't argue about food. Hopefully he will like healthy foods when he grows up."