Growth and Development of Parent (p373)

First Prenatal Period

-Child's Task: growth -Parent's task: develop attitude toward newborn (happy about child? parents of one disabled child? unwed mother?) -nursing intervention: develop positive attitude in both parents concerning expected birth of child -use referrals and agencies as needed

Second Prenatal Trimester

-child's task: growth -parent's task: mother focuses on infant because fetal movement felt. Parents picture what infant will look like, what future he or she will have, and other ideas Nursing intervention: information concerning care of the newborn should be provided at this time.

Birth

child's task: adjust to external environment parent's task: elicit positive responses from child and respond by meeting child's need for food and closeness. If parent's receive only negative responses, development of the parent will be inhibited Nursing intervention: encourage early touch and other practices. Explain behavior and appearance of newborn to allay fears. Help parents to identify positive responses

Toddler

child's task: autonomy parent's task: try to accept the pattern of growth and development. Accept some loss of control but maintain some limits for safety nursing intervention: help parents cope with transient independence of child

Infant

child's task: develop trust parent's task: learn cues presented by infant to determine individual needs of infant nurse intervention: help parents asses and interpret needs of infant. Help parents cope

adolescence

child's task: establishing identity, accepting pubertal changes, developing abstract reasoning, deciding on career and investigating lifestyle, controlling feelings parent's task: learn to let child live their life; expect at times to be descredited; expect differences in opinion and respect them ; guide but do not push nursing intervention: help them adjust to changing roles and relationships

Third Prenatal Trimester

child's task: growth Parent's task: mother feels large. Attention focuses on how fetus is going to get out Nursing intervention: detailed information should be presented at this time concerning the birthing processes, preparation for birth, breastfeeding, and care of the sibling at home

School age

child's task: industry parent's task: accept importance of peers. Accept some rejection by child. patients is needed to allow children to do for themselves. Nursing intervention: help parents to understand this developmetnal milestoe

preschool age

child's task: initiative parent's task: learn to separate from child nursing intervention: help parents show standards but let go so child can develop some independence. A preschool experience may be helpful