Growth and Development Test

Which of the following statements pertaining to toddlers is correct? Toddlers' fine motor skills include building a house with blocks. A toddler explores the world by putting most objects into his mouth. A toddler who is reported to fall frequently should be examined for signs of child abuse. A toddler exhibiting food jags indicates a normal part of his nutritional pattern. (A food jag is when a child will only eat 1 food item, or a very small group of food items, meal after meal.)

A toddler exhibiting food jags indicates a normal part of his nutritional pattern. =Two common eating behaviors in children are food jags and food aversion. The term "food jag" refers to the practice of eating just one food over time. For instance, a child may only want to eat boiled potatoes for every meal. Food aversion refers to the refusal to try or eat certain foods. ‎Overview · ‎Recommendations · ‎Consequences

When examining the 6 month-old you would expect: The baby to turn his head toward the cheek that you are stroking The baby to flex his legs and move his arms in an "embrace" position when startled The baby to say one or two words in addition to "mama" and "dada" His diet would include baby foods such as rice, fruits, and vegetables

Baby foods such as cereals (rice is introduced first), fruits, and vegetables are introduced, one at a time, to the baby's diet at 6-8 months. The baby to turn his head toward the cheek that you are stroking should go away at about 4 months. The baby to flex his legs and move his arms in an "embrace" position when startled is the moro reflex which should go away at about age 4 months. He/she is probably able to say one or two words in addition to "mama" and "dada." at 8-10 months.

Abby is 17. She and her mother have been seeing a family counselor ever since her father moved out of their home and into the home of another woman. Abby had been sad and unable to concentrate, but working hard with her counselor to overcome her grief. This week Abby seems full of energy. She is suddenly sleeping very little and spends most of her time in her room, away from friends and family. She tells them that she is studying and taking extra credit courses to earn a scholarship now that her father is not longer willing to finance her college education. Abby gave her sister some of her favorite clothes and her best friend some of her favorite pieces of jewelry, because, she says, "they helped me through this sad time." What should Abby's family and friends be aware of? Abby is showing her ability to grow up and deal with a bad situation. Abby's behaviors indicate a possible suicidal ideation. Abby is exhibiting typical mood swings of the adolescent. Abby's behaviors are indicative of role confusion.

Abby's behaviors indicate a possible suicidal ideation These behaviors indicate possible suicidal ideation. They are not typical nor do they indicate role confusion. She is giving away prized possessions and withdrawing from her family and friends, which does not indicate a "grown-up" achievement.

The nurse must provide safety education to parents of pre-schoolers. When doing so, the nurse should explain that _________________________. Lead poisoning is no longer an issue since lead-based paints are no longer in use. Parents must explain to toddlers that old appliances are dangerous and that they should stay away from them and tell their parents if they see any type of old appliances in the neighborhood. Accidents are the third leading cause of death in children. All poisonous substances, including medication, cleaning products, etc. should be locked in a secure place where the child cannot obtain access to them.

All poisonous substances, including medication, cleaning products, etc. should be locked in a secure place where the child cannot obtain access to them. Accidents are the leading cause of death in children due to falls, drowning, and motor vehicle accidents.

Appetite and eating patterns vary throughout the life span. Which of the following statements about these issues in toddlers is accurate? Food jags occur when the toddler gorges on foods and then vomits. The toddler tends to avoid finger foods as he learns to eat with a spoon. Physiologic anorexia is an indicator of a developmental delay. By the end of the toddler period, the child is able to use a fork to eat bite-size pieces of food.

By the end of the toddler period, the child is able to use a fork to eat bite-size pieces of food. Food jags occur when the child repeatedly requests to eat the same foods at every meal. The toddler often prefers finger foods even when he can eat with a spoon. Physiologic anorexia is an normal occurrence for a toddler when his growth rate slows and his appetite is less.

Which theorist would most likely say that failure to bond will lead an infant to mistrust? Erikson Freud Kohlberg Piaget

Erikson

Adolescence is referred to as identify vs. role confusion stage by: Kohlberg Piaget Erikson Freud

Erikson Erikson: The search for self-identity leads to independence from parents and reliance on peers. Achievement of identify is desired. Failure to achieve identity leads to role confusion. Erikson identifies psychosocial stages and this is the stage of adolescence. Freud refers to adolescence as the genital stage; Piaget discuses adolescence as a stage of formal operations; Kohlberg is concerned with defining moral values.

Mrs. Bond is the mother of a 4-month old infant. Teresa is her first child. Mrs. Bond cuddles the child and frequently talks to her in a gentle voice. It is a cold day and she has the baby wrapped snuggly in a warm blanket. She has some questions for the nurse. Mrs. Bond asks when she should start giving Teresa baby cereal. She also says that her sister-in-law has given Teresa a small bracelet consisting of brightly colored beads. Mrs. Bond wants to know if it is OK for Teresa to wear the bracelet. The nurse should take which of the following actions. Explain that infants explore by putting objects in their mouths and that the beads on the bracelet are a choking danger. Tell Mrs. Bond that she can start giving Teresa cereal immediately. Tell Mrs. Bond that Teresa is too young to understand words and that it is not necessary to talk to her so much. Report Mrs. Bond as a possible child abuser because the child is wrapped too snuggly.

Explain that infants explore by putting objects in their mouths and that the beads on the bracelet are a choking danger. Small objects can be a danger to an infant, who typically explores by putting things in their mouths. Teresa is too young for cereal. Mrs. Bond should continue to talk to and interact with Teresa as a means of continuing to bond. A baby is comforted by being held or wrapped snuggly. On a cold day it is especially important to keep the baby warm.

Freud proposed that a pre-schooler experiences ____________________. Initiative vs. guilt External moral pressure Oedipal complex Magical thinking

Freud proposed that during the preschool (3-6 years) stage, the child becomes aware of his genitalia and develops an Oedipus complex, meaning that the boys develop unconscious sexual feelings towards their moms and rival their dad.

Which of the following descriptions accurately depicts adolescence? Coordination improves during growth spurts Growth spurts in boys are accompanied by high metabolic needs and huge appetite. Growth spurts in adolescence causes significant decrease in caloric intake. Hormonal changes cause decreased perspiration.

Growth spurts in boys are accompanied by high metabolic needs and huge appetite.

When assessing the toddler's growth and development patterns, you would note which of the following as a normal characteristic? He is able to pick up a toy from the floor when told to do so. His posterior fontanel is open. He is learning to play patty-cake. He seeks pleasure through oral gratification

He is able to pick up a toy from the floor when told to do so. They should be able to follow simple commands by a year old. (10-12 months really)

Monica is 11 years old. Which of the following statements is accurate for girls in this age group? Monica is dependent on parental approval and does not exhibit teen behaviors. Monica attempts to take sips of her parents' alcoholic beverages when they are not looking. Secondary sexual characteristics are not evident in an 11 year-old. Monica needs medical intervention since she has not yet begun to menstruate.

Monica attempts to take sips of her parents' alcoholic beverages when they are not looking.

Which of the following indicates a developmental delay? The presence of a rooting reflex at the age of 2 months Starts to crawl between the ages of 6-8 months Is able to sit with some support by the age of 12 months. Is able to follow simple commands by the age of 10 months.

Is able to sit with some support by the age of 12 months. (He/she should be able to sit alone without support by 8 months of age). The presence of a rooting reflex at the age of 2 months (Rooting reflex: Normal reflex in newborns and should disappear by about 4 months of age. When the baby's cheek is touched or stroked along the side of the mouth, the baby turns his head toward the stimulated side and begins to suck.) Starts to crawl between the ages of 6-8 months (The baby is now able to crawl at 8-10 months.) Is able to follow simple commands by the age of 10 months.(He/she is able to understand simple commands at 10-12 months).

Jacob is 7 years old According to Kohlberg, it is important to Jacob that he: Plays with same-sex peers. Feels pride in his accomplishments. Collects and sorts objects Pleases both authority figures and peers.

Kohlberg: School-age children long to conform and loyalty is important. They want to please both authority figures and peers as well. School-age children like to collect and sort items such as rocks and brand name toys but this isnt according to kohlberg. According to Freud: Refers to these years as the latency stage. Playing with same-sex peers and learning are emphasized.

Which of the following statements pertaining to pre-schooler accomplishments is correct? About 60% of the brain is developed by the age of 5 The pre-schooler can throw a ball overhand. The pre-schooler can tell time. There is still a significant amount of "baby fat" in the pre-schooler's body.

Marked progress is noted in both fine and gross motor abilities. Toilet training is accomplished and the brain is 90% developed by age 5. The pre-schooler is able to throw a ball overhand, climb with agility, and ride a tricycle.

Allison is 7 years old. She is most likely learning to exhibit which of the following behaviors? Has the desire to control body functions Needs to develop friendships with peers of the same sex Beginning to develop abstract thought Has feelings of sexual attraction for the opposite sex

Needs to develop friendships with peers of the same sex Piaget: The adolescent is able to think abstractly and plan ahead at 12-18 years. tend to exclude those of the opposite sex. According to both Freud and Erikson friendships of the same sex are important to school-age children. The desire to control bodily functions develops in toddlers. Abstract thought and attraction to members of the opposite sex are noted in adolescence.

According to ________________, during the toddler years children begin to use symbols such as language to represent objects. Kohlberg Erikson Piaget Freud

Piaget Piaget talks about a preoperational stage during which the child begins to use symbols to represent objects during the toddler years (1-3).

Pamela is 16 years old. She is starting to think about her plans after she graduates from high school. She is making arrangements to visit various colleges and is working part-time to save money for her education. Pamela's actions are best explained by which theorist? Piaget Freud Kohlberg Erikson

Piaget- cognitive. Piaget describes the ability to plan ahead and think abstractly as characteristics of a successful adolescence. Freud talks about interpersonal relationships; Erikson talks about a search for self-identify; Kohlberg talks about the ability to define morals and principles

Allowing school-age children to see and manipulate medical equipment facilitates mature thought according to: Kohlberg Erikson Piaget Freud

Piaget: Piaget claims that the school-age child is in the concrete operations stage. The child develops logical thoughts and inductive reasoning. He/she likes to collect and sort objects and focuses on concrete objects. The school-age child is capable of mature thought when allowed to manipulate and see objects. Piaget is the correct answer. This is characteristic of Piaget's reasoning. Kohlberg focuses on moral development, Erikson on concrete operations, and Freud on latency.

Timmy is 4 months old. When assessing his growth and development, the nurse should: Remind the parents that he is now able to tolerate baby foods and fruits and vegetables should be part of his diet. Place the baby in a sitting position and see if he can hold his head up with some bobbing. Note the presence of the startle reflex and document its presence as normal. Expect that the baby should follow simple commands.

Place the baby in a sitting position and see if he can hold his head up with some bobbing. Explanation: Choice 2 is correct. This is a normal characteristic that should be acquired by this age. Choice 1: These foods should not be introduced until 6-8 months of age. Choice 3: The startle or Moro reflex should disappear by the age of 4 months. Choice 4: The ability to follow simple commands appears between 10-12 months. (Moro reflex: Normal up to about 4 months of age and is also called the startle reflex. This reflex is elicited by a sudden loud noise. The legs flex, the infant cries out briefly, and the arms assume an embracing posture.) at 4 months old, the baby can turn from side to back and return to his/her side. When placed in a sitting position he/she can hold his/her head up with some bobbing. When placed in a prone position, he/she holds his head up and supports himself/herself on his/her forearms.

Play is an important part of growth and development. Appropriate play activities for a toddler include: Putting together a puzzle with large pieces Playing a game of "tag" with other children Playing peak-a-boo with a parent Sitting quietly while a parent reads to them for ½ hour

Putting together a puzzle with large pieces Toddlers enjoy playing alongside other children (parallel play) but do not play with them. Play is mostly spontaneous without rules or regulations, Attention span is very short and activities and change of toys occur frequently. Toddlers love to imitate the actions of adults and may start to "make believe" as part of their play by the end of their second year Toddlers enjoy playing with toys such as play furniture, dishes, cooking utensils, puzzles with large pieces, crayons, blocks, and balls. Toddlers enjoy play that involves throwing or kicking a ball, jumping, or other energizing activities. The toddler often falls during physical activity as he/she works to acquire more coordination and balance. SO TAG WOULDN'T BE OK. ITS NOT PARALLEL PLAY. A large puzzle wouldn't work with a short attention span but was the answer so what the heck? Parents reading to them isn't an energizing activity.

Andrea is 10 years old and has been admitted to the hospital for the removal of her appendix. It is important for the nurse to: Respect Andrea's privacy and make sure that she has suitable covering such as a hospital gown. Tell Andrea not to worry about keeping up with her schoolwork while she is in the hospital. Avoid showing Andrea any medical equipment since this may frighten her. Answer Andrea's questions only when her parents are present.

Respect Andrea's privacy and make sure that she has suitable covering such as a hospital gown Body image and modesty grow in importance. Before initiating any procedures, provide these children with suitable covering such as patient gowns. Encourage that the child keep up with schoolwork during periods of illness or hospitalization. Provide thorough explanations for procedures. Use drawings to help with explanations. Allow the children to see and handle equipment. Encourage the child to ask questions. Answer all questions honestly and in appropriate, understandable terms.

Play activity is important to preschoolers. Nancy is 4 years old and enjoys which of these play activities? Riding a tricycle Building a tower of 3-4 blocks Playing peak-a-boo Solitary play

Riding a tricycle Preschoolers enjoy riding tricycles. Building a tower of 3-4 blocks is more appropriate to the play of a young toddler. Peak-a-boo is an infant game. Solitary play is more characteristic of toddlers. Preschoolers enjoy playing with other children. (Play behaviors now include imitation of observed behavior and "pre-schoolers" initiate imaginary play activities such as tea parties and buying items from a store. Pre-schoolers now begin to play (associative play) with each other in group activities. Attention span is still short. Craft projects and other activities should be limited to one at a time.)

Which of the following indicates a developmental delay? The presence of a rooting reflex at the age of 2 months Starts to crawl between the ages of 6-8 months Is able to sit with some support by the age of 12 months. Is able to follow simple commands by the age of 10 months

Rooting reflex: Normal reflex in newborns and should disappear by about 4 months of age. When the baby's cheek is touched or stroked along the side of the mouth, the baby turns his head toward the stimulated side and begins to suck. He/she can sit alone without support by 8 months of age.

Madeline is experiencing role confusion. This means that: She is unable to form relationships with the opposite sex. She has failed to define her own moral values and principles. She has not been able to develop her own self-identity. She is not able to plan ahead.

She has not been able to develop her own self-identity. Adolescent (12-18 years) Important Characteristics The teen years focus on growing responsibilities and interpersonal relationships. According to the major theorists :Freud: An adolescent's focus is on genital functions and interpersonal relationships. Erikson: The search for self-identity leads to independence from parents and reliance on peers. Achievement of identify is desired. Failure to achieve identity leads to role confusion. Piaget: The adolescent is able to think abstractly and plan ahead. Kohlberg: The adolescent is able to define moral values and principles.

Maria is 8 years old. Social actions include: She is eager to play with both boys and girls. She likes helping to prepare meals. She deliberately avoids pleasing her teacher. She prefers activities that do not involve other children.

She likes helping to prepare meals. (School-age children eat three meals per day and often enjoy participating in meal preparation.) She is likely to want to make same-sex friends and aims to please her teacher. She prefers activities that do involve other children.

Adolescents are likely to exhibit which of the following normal social/emotional behaviors? Depression Suicidal ideation Focus on the religious beliefs of their parents Sympathize with others as they age

Sympathize with others as they age Explanation: The correct choice is option 4. As the adolescent ages, he is better able to sympathize with others. Depression and suicidal ideation are not normal. They focus on their own beliefs and are more likely to questions those of their parents.

James is almost 3 years old. He fell while running and broke a bone in his arm. It is necessary that a cast be applied. During the procedure, the nurse should: Tell him to be a brave boy and not to cry. Remove toys from the area to allow more space to work. Ask the parents to hold the child down while the cast is being applied. Tell James that the cast will help to make his arm better

Tell James that the cast will help to make his arm better

Marianne is able to sit in her highchair with her family at mealtimes and eat a variety of soft foods. Marianne is about ___________months old. 6 8 4 12

Ten to Twelve Months As infancy concludes, the baby gains about 3-5 ounces a week. Head circumference equals chest circumference. At the end of the first year of life, the baby's birth weight should be triple what it was at birth. He/she uses a cup and attempts to feed himself with a spoon, although the food often spills. He/she is able to eat most soft table foods at meal times with the rest of the family. The babymay have between 6-8 teeth by 12 months.

The pre-schooler deals with a number of social milestones. Socially, the pre-schooler __________________. No longer needs the comfort of a favorite toy Still suffers from significant separation anxiety Still seeks parental security when experiencing new social situations such as pre-school Has little or no concept of right and wrong

The pre-schooler still seeks parental security and reassurance as he experiences new social situations such as pre-school. He/she still finds comfort from familiar objects such as a favorite toy or blanket.

According to __________ learning to control bodily functions leads to autonomy and failure to learn such control leads to shame and doubt. Kohlberg Piaget Erikson Freud

Toddler (1-3 Years) Erikson characterizes the child as striving to achieve autonomy. Failure to achieve autonomy causes shame and doubt According to Freud, the child is focused on controlling bodily functions such as toilet training. Piaget talks about a preoperational stage during which the child begins to use symbols to represent objects. Erikson focuses on psychosocial on cognitive stages with control of bodily functions leading to autonomy. Kohlberg focuses on moral development; Piaget focuses on cognitive stages; Freud focuses on psychosexual stages.