HAP Lab Practical 2

Osteoporosis

A disease in which bones lose mass and strength, becoming brittle

Foramen

A passageway for blood vessels and nerves

The strongest, heaviest bone of the body is in the thigh. It is the _____.

Femur

Osteons

The telescoping tubes of matrix (concentric lamellae) with their central canals that form a large part of compact bone

Hematopoiesis

blood cell formation

The arm consists of one long bone, the __________.

humerus

This part of the coxal bone bears your weight when you sit

ischial tuberosity

Which of the following bone belongs to the appendicular skeleton and is a flat bone?

Sternum

The epiphyses of long bones are ______.

filled with spongy bone

These are major sites of muscle attachment on the femur.

greater and lesser trochanters

The thoracic cage includes all of the bones below except the _______. Sternum Ribs Clavicles Thoracic vertebrae

Clavicles

FOOSH is an acronym that stands for Fall on Out-Stretched Hand. All of the following injuries are possible after a FOOSH except:

Distal phalanx fracture

T or F: The first seven pairs of ribs are called floating ribs because they have only indirect cartilage attachments to the sternum.

False

You are studying a pelvis that is wide and shallow. The acetabula are small and far apart. The pubic arch/angle is rounded and greater than 90°. It appears to be tilted forward, with a wide, short sacrum. Is this a male or female pelvis?

Female

Little bones of the fingers and toes are called _______.

phalanges

Osteoblasts

Cells that build bone matrix

The word root _______ means blood

Hema-

Body weight is borne by the two largest tarsal bones: _______ and ______.

Talus, calcaneus

The ________ vertebrae articulate with the corresponding ribs.

thoracic

The axial skeleton can be divided into the skull, the vertebral column, and the _________.

thoracic cage

Osteoclasts

Break down bone matrix and releases calcium

The word root _______ means embryonic or formative cell

-blast

The word root _______ means one that breaks or destroys.

-clast

How many pairs of ribs are there?

12

How many bones of the skull are considered facial bones?

14

How many bones are found in the leg?

2

Each foot has a total of _____ bones

26

The clavicle bone belongs to what type of skeleton?

Appendicular

Crest

Attachment site for muscles and ligaments

The _________ of a typical vertebra forms the rounded, central portion that faces anteriorly in the human vertebral column.

Body

The skeleton is constructed of two types of tissue, ___________.

Bone and cartilage

The pelvis consists of:

Both hip (coxal) bones and the sacrum and coccyx

The pain in the leg that is referred to as "shin splints" is often caused by micro tears in the periosteum and perforating fibers. These tears lead to inflammation of the periosteum. Considering the type of tissue found in the periosteum, which cells do you think would be most involved in the repair process?

Fibroblasts

A condyle differs from an epicondyle in that the condyle _________.

Helps form a joint

What tissue type replaces periosteum on the ends of articulating bones?

Hyaline cartilage

Vertebrae belong to this category of bones

Irregular

A fontanelle __________.

Is found only in the fetal skull, is a fibrous membrane, and allows compression of the skull during birth

A trochanter is _____.

Large, irregularly-shaped projection

The hand consists of three groups. The carpals make up the wrist. The ________ make up the palm, and the phalanges make up the fingers

Metacarpals

The word root _______ means bone

Osteo-

The _______, or "knee cap," is a sesamoid bone that is found within the quadriceps tendon.

Patella

This bone is commonly called the kneecap.

Patella

The word root _______ means around or enclosing

Peri-

The _______, on the posterior thorax, are roughly triangular in shape. They have NO direct attachment to the axial skeleton but are held in place by trunk muscles.

Scapulae

In a child with rickets, the bones are prone to deformities causes by a lack of calcium, phosphate, or Vitamin D. Which treated bone is activity 2 most closely resembles the bones of a child with rickets? Why?

The bone treated with acid because the acid dissolves the calcium phosphate, making the bones less rigid and prone to deformation

Periosteum

The connective tissue membrane that encloses a bone

T or F: The fingers of the hand and the toes of the foot- with the exception of the greater toe and the thumb- each have three phalanges.

True

Which feature of the female pelvis provides for compatibility with vaginal birth?

Wide pelvic inlet and outlet

The center of the osteon is called the ________.

central (haversian) canal

Eight bones make up the ____________, which encloses and protects the brain.

cranium