Hard Road to Victory 1

At which of the following D-Day landing sites did the Allied troops almost meet with disaster?

"Omaha"

Which of the following were code names for the beaches of the Normandy invasion? [choose all that apply]

"Omaha" Utah Juno Gold sword

Which of the following were consequences of the Marianas campaign? [choose all that apply

- it put the US within striking distance of the Philippines and the Dutch East Indies -it caused political issues for the Japanese government -it placed the Japanese home islands within striking distance for American B29 bombers

Which of the following is true about the Battle of Leyte Gulf? [choose all that apply]

- it was the first American experience with Japanese kamikaze attacks -it destroyed the Japanese navy to a point that it could no longer be a serious threat to American operations in the Pacific - it was the greatest naval battle in all of history

What were the results of the Allied threat to the Italian mainland? [choose all that apply]

-Mussolini was ousted from power -King Victor Emmanuel III appointed Pietro Badoglio to head a new government -Italy switched alliances and joined the Allies -Germany reinforced the Italian peninsula and forced Allied troops to fight to take it

In what ways could the Italian campaign be considered a success? [choose all that apply]

-it gave the Allies experience in amphibious warfare - it provided experience with German troops and their abilities to defend positions and carry out bold maneuvers -the invasion effectively knocked Italy out of the war

In what ways could the Italian campaign be considered a failure? [choose all that apply]

-the slow advance allowed the Soviets to take European territory that laid the groundwork for the Cold War -the Italian surrender meant that the Germans defended the territory -the Allies wasted time and resources in taking strongly defended positions - the advance was so slow that the forces from Italy were no help in the advance toward Berlin

What was the Allied reaction to their capture and liberation of the labor and transit camps in Germany? [choose all that apply]

-they gathered evidence of the conditions and practices and documented what they - residents of nearby towns were brought in to tour the facilities -residents of nearby towns were forced to work burial details in the camps - they shot German guards or camp personnel on sight

Who signed the unconditional surrender of Germany on May 7, 1945?

Admiral Karl Donitz

What famous scientist led others to express their concerns regarding German efforts to build atomic weapons?

Albert Einstein

The German Krupp K5 rail gun was known as "Anzio ___________" by the GIs.

Annie

The amphibious landing at __________ was an attempt to go around the Gustav Line and encircle the Germans?

Anzio

Operation "Market Garden" was a plan to take a bridge across the Rhine at

Arnham

Who announced the surrender to the Japanese people, marking the first time his people had heard his voice?

Emperor Hirohito

What German had been given command of all the defenses on the French coast before D-Day?

Erwin Rommel

Once the Allies established their position in Normandy, they were organized into 2 Groups, the British and Canadians were commanded by

General Bernard Montgomery

Why did the invasion at Anzio fall apart?

General Clark decided to hold and strengthen the Allied position instead of pushing to encircle the Germans on the Gustav Line

Which American military commander liberated the Philippines, announcing "I have returned!"?

General Douglas MacArthur

American strategy in the Pacific was shaped by a strong rivalry between these two men: [choose two]

General Douglas MacArthur Admiral Chester Nimitz

The Allied invasion of the island of Sicily was a joint U.S.- British operation under the overall command of

General Dwight Eisenhower

Who was named Supreme Commander of Operation "Overlord" at the Tehran Conference?

General Dwight Eisenhower

American forces in Normandy, under the command of General Bradley, were split under what 2 commanders over the 1st and 3rd Armies? [choose 2]

General George S. Patton General Courtney Hodges

After the war, American engineers used rocket technology developed by the ____________ in the Apollo space program.

Germans

Once American entered the war, Roosevelt and Churchill agreed that the Allies should pursue a "____________ first" strategy.

Germany

The scientists of which nation had made progress in the development of atomic weapons in the 1930s?

Germany

After the Germans retreated from Rome, they fell back to a line of defensive positions known as the

Gothic Line

In January 1944, the Allied advance was stopped just 100 miles short of Rome as they ran into a set of fortifications known as the

Gustav Line

The July 1943 bombing of this city created a "firestorm," a phenomenon that had not previously been seen in war time:

Hamburg

When Franklin Roosevelt died in April 1945, who became President of the United States?

Harry S. Truman

The first Japanese city to be attacked by an atomic bomb was

Hiroshima

Admiral Chester Nimitz wanted the Navy and Marines to conduct an "____________ ___________" campaign across the Pacific toward Japan.

Island hopping

The invasion of this island put the Americans just 600 miles from Tokyo and provided one of the most iconic photographs of World War II?

Iwo Jima

On which date did D-Day for Operation "Overlord" take place?

June 6, 1944

What was the name of the leader of, and the person who tried to carry out, the 1943 attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler at "Wolf's Lair"?

Klaus Schenck von Stauffenberg

The capture of what Sicilian city made Patton a hero until news of his treatment of seriously ill soldiers reached the American people?

Messina

Which of the following was one of the most powerful strongholds on the Gustav Line and also the site of a 6th century monastery with historical significance?

Monte Cassino

The second Japanese city to be attacked by an atomic bomb was

Nagasaki

The invasion site for Operation "Overlord" were the beaches of _________________

Normandy

After taking the island of Iwo Jima, Nimitz's next target was _________________, only 350 miles from the southernmost Japanese home island.

Okinawa

The convoys that brought supplies from the Normandy coast to the front lines were known as the "________ _____________ ________________."

Red Ball Express

The three main targets in the Marianas Islands were: [choose three]

Saipan Guam Tinian

Which Allied nation was the one to liberate the city of Rome from the Germans?

Soviet union france

The tide turned in the German advance into the Soviet Union at the battle of

Stalingrad

The efforts to take these objectives in the Gilbert Islands shocked the American public because of the high death toll? [choose all that apply]

Tarawa mankin

The meeting to discuss the plans for Operation "Overlord" were held in

Tehran

Hitler's Operation "Autumn Fog" was the key to beginning this important World War II battle:

The Battle of the Bulge

The documents formalizing the unconditional surrender of Japan were signed on the deck of the

USS Missouri

At the Battle of Okinawa, what two large American ships were damaged by kamikaze attacks? [choose 2]

USS Missouri USS Enterprise

The uprising in this Polish city was the largest revolt against Nazi occupation of the entire war:

Warsaw

The word kamikaze means "__________ ________."

divine wind

The name of the 2 atomic bombs dropped on Japanese cities in 1945 were [choose two]

fat man little boy

In Europe, USAAF bombers primarily focused on these targets [choose all that apply]:

infrastructure military targets industrial targets

Why was the island of Peleliu important in the American invasion of the Philippines?

it could provide a base for American aircraft supporting the invasion

Which of the following was a result of the Allied capture of the Rhineland? [choose all that apply]

it was a blow to German morale it made some German soldiers convinced that Germany had already lost the war

What topographical conditions made invasion of Iwo Jima more difficult than other islands?

it was a volcanic island

The German alternative to using traditional bombing methods was the development of the

missile

What was one reason why the German reaction to the invasion at Normandy slower than it should have been

most of the German officers were away from their posts on D-Day

Operation "Mincemeat" was an attempt to

pass false information to the Germans regarding plans to invade Italy

Which of the following was NOT part of Operation "Fortitude"?

small attacks on French port cities

Why did the Germans not develop atomic weapons earlier than other nations?

some of the important scientists were Jewish and had fled to the United States

Which of the following were developments in military technology meant to overcome the logistical challenges of the Normandy invasion? [choose all that apply]

systems to allow tanks to swim in high water portable artificial harbors amphibious personnel carriers

The project created to develop and build atomic weapons was code-named:

the "Manhattan Project"

The development of this weapon allowed American forces to launch attacks on Japanese cities:

the B-29 "Superfortress"

Why were German efforts in the Battle of Britain unsuccessful? [choose all that apply]

the British were shooting down German planes faster than they could be rebuilt -the attacks made the British people more determined to continue fighting the war

Which of the following was one reason the American advance slowed in December 1944?

the Germans had infiltrated American lines with German commandos dressed in American uniforms

What was the result of the Battle of Bismarck Sea?

the Japanese would never again try to send large convoys with reinforcements to island garrisons

What army was the first to liberate a major death camp in Poland?

the Soviets

Which Allied army fought for and won the final battle for Berlin?

the Soviets

Why were individual German victories in the Soviet Union not successful in reversing the tide of the Soviet advance? [choose all that apply]

the Soviets could replace losses more easily than the Germans Soviet industry was producing more weapons and vehicles than the Germans the German military were short on supplies

What were the challenges to the D-Day invasion that affected timing? [choose all that apply]

the invasion needed to take place when the English Channel was calm the invasion needed to take place during a full moon the invasion needed to take place at low tide the invasion needed to take place at dawn

Operation "Avalanche" under General Mark Clark was almost halted because

the terrain gave the Germans an advantage since they held the high ground

What was the Japanese government's reaction to the destruction brought by the first atomic bomb dropped on one of their cities

they asked the Soviet Union to try to mediate peace with the United States

Why did the Americans agree to postpone "Operation Roundup" until 1944 and concentrate on invading Italy? [choose all that apply]

they believed an Italian campaign would be quick and easy - the believed an invasion of Italy would provide them with a way to reach Germany more quickly

Why did the Soviet advance halt in early 1945, although they were within 100 miles of Berlin?

they had pushed too far and needed to spend time subduing German garrisons on the Baltic

Why was it difficult for the Marines to dislodge the Japanese from the island of Iwo Jima?

they had taken refuge in fortified caves on the island

Why did American military leaders NOT want to attempt an invasion on the Japanese home islands?

they knew the Japanese would defend to the last person and casualties would be high

When German officers realized they needed to reinforce their troops at Normandy, why was there a delay?

they needed Hitler's permission and since he was asleep, they waited until he woke up

What was the Soviet response to the Warsaw Uprising?

they watched what was happening and did nothing

Why did Hitler initially order air strikes against British targets in the Battle of Britain?

to prepare for Operation "Sealion"

Once the first atomic bomb was successfully tested, what 3 options did the President have regarding its use to make Japan surrender? [choose 3]

use the bomb to attack Japanese cities refuse to use the bomb and launch a traditional invasion of Japan detonate a bomb in a remote location to demonstrate its power