HD
The philosophy of ______________ emphasizes personal identity and the uniqueness of the individual. a) western culture b) eastern culture c) collectivistic orientation d) individualistic orientation
D
The physical closeness, and romance is called companionate love. intimacy component. passionate (or romantic) love passion component.
D
Two-year-old Rona becomes _____ anxiety.
Stranger
The factors that induce people to develop as homosexual, heterosexual, or bisexual are not well understood.
T
The marriage gradient limits the number of potential partners for older women.
T
According to Ainsworth, an attachment figure is best defined as serving as a(n) _____ for an attached child. a. secure base c. chum b. id replacement d. conscience
A
According to Robert Sternberg, companionate love develops when _________ is(are) present. a) intimacy and decision/commitment b) infatuation c) passion and intimacy d) passion and decision/commitment
A
According to Robert Sternberg, infatuated love develops when only _________ is present. a) passion b) intimacy c) loyalty d) similarity
A
According to Robert Sternberg, when two people are happily dating one another but not making future plans, this is called a) romantic love. b) fatuous love. c) companionate love. d) infatuated love.
A
According to Robert Sternberg, who developed the _____________, intelligence consists of three components. a) triarchic theory of intelligence b) fluid intelligence c) crystallized intelligence d) intellectual quotient
A
According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, which type of intellectual assessment measure would be useful when trying to predict adult success? a) contextual intelligence b) experiential intelligence c) practical intelligence d) componential intelligence
A
According to a child effects model, a. children influence their parents through variables such as their age and personality. b. parents are most influential in the parent-child relationship. c. parents are responsible for how children turn out. d. children's behaviors are almost all due to innate genetic factors.
A
According to the transactional model of family influence, children's antisocial behaviors are due a. to a combination of the child's genetic predisposition and parentchild interactions. b. solely to genetic predisposition in the child. c. to parent-child social interactions. d. to cultural factors beyond the scope of the child or parent.
A
An avoidant attachment is characterized by an infant who seems uninterested in exploration and who shows little distress when separated from the caregiver to whom it is attached. a. True b. False
A
As Winston has been a victim of physical abuse as an infant, he has the greatest chance of developing a(n) _____ attachment style. a. disorganized-disoriented c. avoidant b. resistant d. secure
A
As a securely attached infant, Janeway is most likely to hold an internal working model that she is a. lovable. c. amoral. b. unreliable. d. part of a clique.
A
As compared to past decades, there are fewer caregivers for aging adults. a. True b. False
A
Children who are victims of physical mistreatment a. tend to show behavioral impacts (e.g., aggression toward peers) and intellectual impacts (e.g., lower IQs). b. tend to show behavioral impacts (e.g., aggression toward peers) but no intellectual impacts (e.g., lower IQs). c. tend to show intellectual impacts (e.g., lower IQs) but no behavioral impacts (e.g., aggression toward peers). d. seldom show behavioral impacts (e.g., aggression toward peers) or intellectual impacts (e.g., lower IQs).
A
Displaying _____ would indicate the most advanced level of social-cognitive ability. a. goal-corrected partnership b. undiscriminating social responsiveness c. active proximity-seeking/true attachment d. discriminating social responsiveness
A
How might the epigenetic model describe the transmission of parenting across generations? a. Harsh treatment in childhood may trigger the expression of a gene for aggressive parenting in later life. b. A child who sees his mother hit by his dad learns to hit his wife. c. Despite never experiencing violence, due to a recessive gene effect, a mother begins abusing her son. d. A violent child grows up to be a passive parent.
A
In Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, the experiential aspect of intelligence deals with a) how prior experiences are used in problem solving, which involves the ability to cope with new situations. b) analysis of data to solve problems, using previously-learned information. c) how intelligence is used to face real-world demands (i.e., practical intelligence). d) how emotional experiences affect our interpretation of the information around us, and how we choose to affect change (i.e., emotional intelligence).
A
In terms of the cause and effect of a child's behavior, the parent effects model tends to view the influence a. as a one-way street. c. as a random occurrence. b. as a two-way street. d. as genetic.
A
The most likely outcome of an infant and parent who are in synchrony is a(n) _____ infant attachment. a. secure c. insecure resistant b. insecure avoidant d. undifferentiated
A
Twoyearold Floss is going to the dentist for the first time. She is sitting on her dad's lap when she first sees the dentist dressed in a long white coat. Floss reacts by turning and hugging her dad while she begins sobbing. Floss's reaction is best explained as involving _____ anxiety. a. stranger c. goal b. separation d. relationship
A
When Amanda describes her romantic partner, she says, "the only thing that we have going for us is raw sexual attraction." Sternberg would argue that this relationship is based solely on a. passion. c. aptitude. b. intimacy. d. decision/commitment.
A
When Tom is describing his relationship with Gisele, he says, "It's got everything: sexual attraction, trust and respect, and we know that we are both in it for the long haul." This description indicates that their relationship is most accurately described as involving _____ love. a. consummate c. infatuation b. fatuous d. companionate
A
When a person exhibits success facing everyday, real-world demands such as those found in on-the-job professional demands, Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence would suggest that person was demonstrating a) contextual intelligence. b) experiential intelligence. c) practical intelligence. d) componential intelligence.
A
When both parents act as a single team when childrearing, _____ is taking place. a. coparenting c. a blended family b. an extended family d. autonomy
A
Which behavior best exemplifies a goal-correct partnership? a. An infant who knows that when mommy puts on her shoes she goes out running; so when the infant sees mommy put on her shoes, she follows her and plans to go with her b. An infant who cries whenever mommy leaves c. An infant who smiles broadly whenever she sees her mommy enter a room d. An infant who, when at the store, gets excited when anyone (family or stranger) picks up a toy that she finds interesting
A
Which combination has the highest risk for abuse? a. Powerless mom and disabled child b. Powerful mom and disabled child c. Powerless mom and non-disabled child d. Powerful mom and non-disabled child
A
Which grandparenting style was created in a large part by the increasing geographical difference between grandparents and grandchildren? a. Remote c. Involved b. Companionate d. Permissive
A
Which is the best example of an extended family household? a. A mother and father, their children, and the grandparents who live with them b. Mother, father, and their 12 children c. A large group of orphans residing in the same room d. A single man and his roommate
A
Which is the primary distinction between associative and cooperative play? a. Cooperative play involves activities directed toward a common goal and associative play does not. b. Cooperative play involves sharing the same materials while associative play does not. c. Cooperative play involves interaction between playmates while associative play does not. d. Cooperative play emerges during the concrete-operational period while associative play emerges during preoperational thought.
A
Which is true with regard to the effects of play on development? a. Preschoolers who engage in considerable amounts of social pretend play tend to be more popular and more socially mature than those who do not. b. Play contributes significantly to physical and social development, but has little impact on the development of cognitive skills. c. While engagement in pretend play tends to stimulate creative thought processes, it tends to interfere with the development of logical thought. d. Play contributes to the emotional development of preschoolers by helping children work through unresolved conflicts, but it detracts from children's intellectual development by keeping them from engaging in more productive academic tasks.
A
Which of the following is an example of "bottom of the barrel" men? a) men who do not marry because they cannot find a woman of low enough status b) men who do not marry because of personality compatibility concerns c) men who are fearful of commitment d) men who find women unappealing
A
Which parenting style is best associated with children who are unhappy, relatively aimless, and unpleasant to be around? a. Permissive c. Authoritarian b. Neglectful d. Authoritative
C
The _____ family systems model would be most accepting of the notion, "It's always mommy's fault!" a. social learning model c. transactional model b. indirect effects model d. parents effects model
D
The concept of a family life cycle a. rejects the notion of stages of development. b. emphasizes the role of the id and ego in decision-making. c. suggests that the nuclear family is the ideal family system. d. highlights systematic role changes that occur within family relationships from marriage to death.
D
The involved grandparent would be best characterized as a. fun. c. harmful. b. detached. d. parentlike.
D
The _____ style of attachment is most commonly seen in infants who have been physically abused or maltreated.
disorganized-disoriented
Because Beth lives in a household with her parents, siblings, and aunt, and a grandparent, she is best described as in an _____ family household
extended
According to the _____ model, a child's behavior is determined by both the actions of a parent and the child's characteristics (including genetically-based responses).
transactional
A parenting style based on _____ is most likely to be associated with positive child outcomes. a. love and limits c. indulgence and sensitivity b. love and no limits d. indulgence and insensitivity
A
A resistant attachment is characterized by a great deal of infant anxiety and ambivalence to the attached caregiver. a. True b. False
A
In which type of attachment does a child use a caregiver as a base, becomes somewhat upset when separated from the caregiver, and is fairly outgoing with a stranger if the caregiver is present? a. Secure c. Resistant b. Disorganized-disoriented d. Avoidant
A
Intelligence that represents the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply in problem-solving situations is called a) crystallized intelligence. b) verbal intelligence. c) fluid intelligence. d) perceptual intelligence.
A
Jorge has been taught to marry a woman who is younger, smaller, and lower in status. This is referred to as the a) marriage gradient. b) social norm. c) social mores. d) societal bias.
A
Lisa is a very high-strung, active mom. Her baby, Marie, is very laid back and calm. When Lisa bounces Marie on her knee, tickles her, and talks to her in a loud and excited voice, Marie turns away. Lisa turns Marie back toward her, bounces her more rigorously, and continues to talk and sing more loudly than before. Based on this pattern of behavior, it is most likely that Marie will develop a(n) _____ to her mother. a. avoidant attachment c. resistant attachment b. secure attachment d. Oedipal complex
A
Modern couples in the United States are having fewer children. a. True b. False
A
Most children who are maltreated are victims of neglect, not physical or sexual abuse. a. True b. False
A
Most infants develop a(n) _____ attachment relationship with their caregiver(s). a. secure c. resistant b. disorganized-disoriented d. avoidant
A
Most research regarding marital satisfaction a) substantiates the "U-shaped" pattern where marital satisfaction is high at the beginning, drops down around the birth of children, and then gradually rises back to its original high level. b) brings the "U-shape" in question suggesting that the upturn in the U shape may be illusionary, and that marital dissatisfaction continues throughout life. c) is not conclusive regarding the U-shape and marital satisfaction, but seems to substantiate that women are more satisfied than men. d) is not conclusive regarding the U-shape and marital satisfaction, but seems to substantiate that men are more satisfied than women.
A
Odin is attached to his dad, Thor. The most interesting feature is Odin's seeming confusion about whether to approach or avoid his dad. Odin also seems unable to handle the negative emotions he feels following separation from Thor. Given this description, Odin is best classified as having a(n) _____ attachment with Thor. a. disorganized-disoriented c. avoidant b. resistant d. secure
A
Onlooker play involves active interest and talking but no direct participation with another child. a. True b. False
A
Pam loves to play with other children. As she plays in the sandbox at the park, she frequently climbs out to run over to her mommy, gives her a hug, and then runs back to the sandbox. When her mother walks a short distance away to get a drink at a fountain, Pam begins to cry and runs after her. After they both get a drink, they head back toward the sandbox, with Pam running ahead to join the other children in play. Pam's attachment relationship with her mother is best described as a. secure. c. avoidant. b. resistant. d. disorganized-disoriented.
A
Psychologist Robert Sternberg suggests that love requires a more complex explanation and is made up of a) three components. b) eight components. c) four components. d) two components.
A
Regarding attachment, which is true? a. A secure attachment to one's father can compensate for a poor attachment relationship with one's mother. b. The quality of attachments in childhood does not predict later social competence. c. Insecurely attached infants are doomed to problems for the rest of their lives. d. Life events do not impact an attachment style once it has been formed.
A
Seika's attitude towards parenting is best described as "a lot of praise, a lot of affection, and feedback for negative behavior that is designed to teach but not belittle." This description indicates that Seika is best classified as being high on the _____ dimension of childrearing. a. acceptance-responsiveness b. responsiveness-demandingness c. demandingness-control d. control-acceptance
A
Separation anxiety generally appears before stranger anxiety. a. True b. False
A
Skills that underlie the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of feeling are referred to as a) emotional intelligence. b) practical intelligence. c) accurate intelligence. d) virtual intelligence.
A
Stella and Anthony have been happily married for 22 years, and they still enjoy an active sex life and participate in many activities together. Psychologist Robert Sternberg would call their relationship a) consummate love. b) companionate love. c) romantic love. d) liking.
A
Sven has just realized that before his daddy goes to work in the morning, he first eats breakfast in the kitchen. As a result of this realization, he now goes to the kitchen as soon as he hears his dad get up so that he can be near dad. This behavior best exemplifies a. goal-corrected partnership. c. active proximity-seeking/true attachment. b. undiscriminating social responsiveness. d. discriminating social responsiveness.
A
The _____ parenting approach involves high acceptance-responsiveness and high demandingness-control. a. authoritative c. neglectful b. authoritarian d. permissive
A
The basic premise of the parent effects model is that a. parents cause the behavior of their children b. children cause the behavior of their parents c. parents influence children and children influence parents d. parents' genes have more impact than parents' interaction style
A
The extent to which a parent is supportive, sensitive, and willing to provide affection and praise, is referred to as the ______ dimension of childrearing. a. acceptance-responsiveness b. responsiveness-demandingness c. demandingness-control d. control-acceptance
A
The family life cycle ends with widowhood. a. True b. False
A
The launching of the last child tends to result in an increase in marital satisfaction. a. True b. False
A
Which of the following may soon be considered an incentive to hiring the elderly? a) baby boomers are retiring, so the workforce is shrinking b) government tax incentives for hiring the elderly c) the elderly going back to school for additional skills d) legal actions and lawsuits for firing the elderly
A
Which type of infant attachment is best associated with having a mother who is abusing drugs? a. Disorganized-disoriented c. Avoidant b. Resistant d. Secure
A
_____ abuse is the most common form of family violence worldwide. a. Spouse (or partner) c. Child b. Sibling d. Elderly
A
_____ grandparenting style is best characterized as "emotionally distant." a. Remote c. Involved b. Companionate d. Permissive
A
_____ play is characterized by aimless activities (e.g. pacing) and/or idly standing by. a. Unoccupied c. Onlooker b. Solitary d. Parallel
A
. In the United States, most grandparents prefer a role that is a. high in enjoyment and high in responsibility. b. high in enjoyment and low in responsibility. c. low in enjoyment and high in responsibility. d. low in enjoyment and low in responsibility.
B
A "reconstituted" family must contain a. a widow. b. a step-parent. c. at least three generations residing in the same household. d. a step-brother or step-sister.
B
A neglecting parent has high demands but is not involved in children's lives. a. True b. False
B
A traditional nuclear family consists of at least three generations. a. True b. False
B
According to Robert Sternberg, empty love develops when only _________ is present. a) intimacy b) decision/commitment c) loyalty d) similarity
B
According to Robert Sternberg, liking develops when only _________ is present. a) passion b) intimacy c) loyalty d) similarity
B
According to Robert Sternberg, when two people have a "fling" or short-term relationship based only on sexual attraction, this is called nonlove. infatuated love. liking. empty love.
B
According to the child effects model, parents alone impact children's behavior. a. True b. False
B
According to the transactional model, parents alone impact children's behavior. a. True b. False
B
Amanda shows a clear interest in listening to voices of humans but shows no particular preference for one person over another. Amanda is best classified as being in the _____ phase. a. goal-corrected partnership b. undiscriminating social responsiveness c. active proximity-seeking/true attachment d. discriminating social responsiveness
B
An authoritative parenting style involves many rules and few explanations. a. True b. False
B
As a "remote" grandparent, Lilo _____ her grandson Stitch. a. enjoys being a part-time parent for b. seldom sees c. goes to lots of activities with d. lives with
B
As a child, Chester was physically abused by his mother. He has now begun to physically abuse his daughter. His behavior best exemplifies a. spillover effects. b. intergenerational transmission of parenting. c. an extended family household. d. middle generation squeeze.
B
At what age do infants typically first begin to express a preference for one familiar person over another? a. 2-6 weeks old c. 7-8 months old b. 2-3 months old d. 11-12 months or older
B
Benny and June are playing school. Benny is the teacher and June is the student. After a while, they decide they need a principal and some more students, so they ask Johnny and Winona to join them. This activity best demonstrates the concept of _____ play. a. associative c. functional b. cooperative d. parallel
B
Companionate love is best characterized by a. high levels of intimacy, commitment, and passion. b. high levels of intimacy and commitment, but low levels of passion. c. high levels of commitment and passion, but low levels of intimacy. d. high levels of passion, but low levels of intimacy and passion.
B
Displaying _____ would indicate the LEAST advanced level of social-cognitive ability. a. goal-corrected partnership b. undiscriminating social responsiveness c. active proximity-seeking/true attachment d. discriminating social responsiveness
B
Dolph's parents have very clear rules about what is okay to do and what is not. They are very careful to enforce the rules. However, they are willing to listen to Dolph's side of the story and are careful to explain why the rules are important. They even consider changing rules that don't seem to be working well. Dolph's parents are best described as having which sort of childrearing pattern? a. Neglectful c. Authoritarian b. Authoritative d. Permissive
B
Grandpa Sylvester loves spending time going to professional wrestling events with his grandson Elmer. He comments that the best part is that he can have fun without worrying about parenting responsibilities. Sylvester is best described as having a _____ style. a. remote c. involved b. companionate d. permissive
B
In Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, the componential aspect of intelligence deals with a) how prior experiences are used in problem solving, which involves the ability to cope with new situations. b) analysis of data to solve problems, using previously-learned information. c) how intelligence is used to face real-world demands (i.e., practical intelligence). d) how emotional experiences affect our interpretation of the information around us, and how we choose to affect change (i.e., emotional intelligence).
B
In general, marital satisfaction tends to a. increase steadily over the first two to three years of marriage. b. decrease somewhat over the first year of marriage. c. remain stable for most couples until the "seven-year itch." d. decrease drastically within six months of the wedding.
B
Internal working models a. are formed during a critical period when an infant first sees a moving object. b. are constructed through early interactions with caregivers and influence future social relationships. c. depend largely on the broad cultural context in which they are formed. d. develop during the first few hours and days following birth.
B
Jayme and Joshua live with their mom and her new husband and their new baby. Jayme and Joshua's family is best termed a(n) ___ family. a. beanpole c. extended b. reconstituted d. single-parent
B
Jerome and Alice have been married for 15 years, and their marriage is strained with bickering and unhappiness. Still, they are not considering a divorce because they have an 8-year-old son whom they both love deeply. Psychologist Robert Sternberg would call their relationship companionate love. empty love. fatuous love. nonlove.
B
Julie wants special permission to stay out on a date past her normal curfew. Her parents, who are authoritarian parents, are most likely to respond a. "Why should we let you do this?" b. "No!" c. "I guess you'll have to make that choice and suffer the consequences." d. "It doesn't matter to us what you do."
B
Kitty and David want their children to grow up to be self-reliant, cooperative, and achievement-oriented. Based on research by Baumrind, Kitty and David should a. tell their children that school is really not that important. b. set firm limits and enforce them consistently. c. place few restrictions on their children's behavior. d. severely punish the children if they receive a bad grade.
B
Kono takes her one-year-old son, Chin Ho, to visit an infant-toddler program that he will soon join. Chin Ho appears very anxious and is unwilling to explore and play with toys, even though Kono is close by. When Kono leaves the room, Chin Ho becomes extremely upset and remains that way all the time his mother is gone. When Kono returns, Chin Ho stays close to his mother, but makes it clear he does not want her to touch him or pick him up. He appears angry with Kono. This best demonstrates which sort of attachment relationship? a. Disorganized c. Avoidant b. Resistant d. Secure
B
Marital satisfaction tends to rise dramatically in the years following the honeymoon. a. True b. False
B
Recent research has shown that the _____ grandparenting style is the most common in the United States. a. remote c. involved b. companionate d. permissive
B
Regarding stranger anxiety, which statement is FALSE? a. Stranger anxiety is less likely to occur when mom is close by. b. Children are most wary of strangers when they are encountered in familiar surroundings. c. Stranger anxiety is lessened when the caregiver responds positively to the stranger. d. Stranger anxiety is affected by the appearance of the stranger.
B
Separation anxiety a. only occurs as a result of unresponsive parenting. b. is an important sign of attachment. c. occurs mainly in children who attend preschool. d. is a sign of an unhealthy attachment.
B
Some developmentalists suggest that two kinds of intelligence exist. What is the term for intelligence that reflects information processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory? a) triarchic theory of intelligence b) fluid intelligence c) crystallized intelligence d) intellectual quotient
B
Statistically speaking, who is at greatest risk for abusing their child? a. Ralph, a young, employed male with two children b. Rene, a young, unemployed single woman with four children c. Ron, a middle-aged, poor, single father of one d. Ruby, a middle-aged, married, working mother of five
B
Studies indicate that sexual orientation is based primarily on genetic predisposition. produced by a combination of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors. psychologically influenced based upon family factors. based strictly upon a conscious choice by the person.
B
The birth of the first child tends to result in an increase in marital satisfaction. a. True b. False
B
The component of love that encompasses feelings of closeness, affection, and connectedness is called companionate love. intimacy component. passionate (or romantic) love passion component.
B
The most common grandparenting style is the "involved" style. a. True b. False
B
The permissive parenting approach is characterized by _____ acceptance-responsiveness and _____ demandingness-control. a. high; high c. low; high b. high; low d. low; low
B
The traditional nuclear family consists of a. the siblings in a family. b. mother, father, and one or more children. c. grandparents, parents, and offspring. d. one's family "tree."
B
Thomas is on the floor and highly engaged with the toy train engine that he is pushing around the track by himself. Thomas is most accurately said to be engaged in _____ play. a. unoccupied c. onlooker b. solitary d. associative
B
Victims of child abuse tend to a. display great empathy for others. b. have higher rates of depression. c. be insensitive to anger cues in others. d. try to protect other individuals who are crying.
B
What is the term for the actual age of the child taking the intelligence test? a) standard age b) chronological age c) intelligence quotient d) mental age
B
What is the term for the philosophy that promotes interdependence? a) nationalism b) collectivistic orientation c) individualistic orientation d) socialism
B
What is the term that relates to one's sense of being male or female? social perceptions gender sex gender roles
B
When Billie takes her son, Joel, to the park one day, he demands to be held and does not want to get down to play on the equipment. When another young mother comes over and strikes up a conversation with Billie, Joel hides his head in his mother's skirt, and refuses to play with the other woman's child. Eventually, Billie leaves Joel with the other woman briefly so she can buy drinks for all of them at the concession stand. Joel screams and cries, and is inconsolable. Joel's attachment relationship with his mother is best characterized as a. secure. c. avoidant. b. resistant. d. disorganized-disoriented.
B
When a person pursues sexual reassignment surgery because they feel as though they were born with the wrong physical sex (i.e., trapped in the wrong body), this is called being a) homosexual. b) transgendered.
B
When a person solves problems by utilizing his/her prior experience, as well as insight and coping ability/skills for new situations, Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence would suggest that person was demonstrating a) contextual intelligence. b) experiential intelligence. c) practical intelligence. d) componential intelligence.
B
When a situation occurs where a highly trained professional experiences dissatisfaction, disillusionment, frustration, and weariness from his/her job, this is called a) midlife crisis. b) burnout. c) live events hypothesis. d) normative life crisis.
B
When compared to recent past generations in the United States, children today are more likely to a. have multiple siblings. b. live in a multigenerational household. c. have a stay-at-home mom. d. reside in a two-parent headed household.
B
When disorganized-disoriented infants are reunited with their parent, they tend to a. not remember prior experiences. b. act dazed or seek attention (but move away if attention appears to be on its way). c. always scream in terror. d. sleep to escape the situation.
B
Which family systems model would be most accepting of the notion, "My kid's behaviors made me act that way!" a. Social learning model c. Parent effects model b. Child effects model d. Indirect effects model
B
Which is a commonly cited advantage of the extended family household? a. Fewer mouths to feed b. Provides for shared responsibility for raising children c. Ensures more income for family d. Provides safe environment for gay/lesbian couple to raise a family
B
Which is the best example of a reciprocal influence within a nuclear family? a. Kindergartner Alice playing with her favorite doll b. Baby Alice smiling and her dad, Mel, who upon seeing the smile, giving her some candy c. Single parent Mel thinking about having another child d. Teenager Alice talking to her best friend, Flo
B
Who is the psychologist that linked intelligence and school success in constructing an intelligence test that continues to provide reasonable indicators of a student's ability to be successful in school? a) Freud b) Binet c) Skinner d) Watson
B
Who is the psychologist that used a pragmatic, trial-and-error approach to psychological measurement that continues to serve as the predominant approach to test construction today? a) Freud b) Binet c) Skinner d) Watson
B
Why have grandparents been referred to as "the family national guard"? a. They are a voluntary group. b. They can help families in crisis. c. They tend to perform tough tasks with little positive emotional reward. d. They are diminishing in our society.
B
_____ anxiety peaks first and is followed by _____anxiety. a. Stranger; separation c. Goal; separation b. Separation; stranger d. Relationship; social
B
Which behavior best exemplifies the concept of proximity maintenance with a secure attachment? a. Becoming distressed when not near mommy b. Attempting to keep track of mommy's location c. Exploring away from mommy when she is present d. Moving toward mommy if comfort is needed
B بس مب مقتنعة
Which item should NOT be included on a list of the three key components of the triangular theory love? a. Passion c. Aptitude b. Intimacy d. Decision/commitment
C
A college student becomes homesick during her first semester on campus. This response is most related to a. stranger anxiety. c. separation anxiety. b. resistant attachment. d. avoidant attachment.
C
A parent with a(n) _____ style would most likely to give a child a severe spanking for disobedience. a. neglectful c. authoritarian b. authoritative d. permissive
C
According to Robert Sternberg, when two people decide to move in together after knowing each other for only two weeks, this is called a) companionate love. b) infatuated love. c) fatuous love. d) consummate love.
C
According to Robert Sternberg, when two people enjoy easy other's company and their relationship, although they no longer feel much sexual interest in each other, it is called a) nonlove. b) liking. c) companionate love. d) empty love.
C
According to psychologist Robert Sternberg, the components of love include all of the following EXCEPT a) passion component that comprises the motivational drives relating to sex, physical closeness, and romance. b) intimacy component that encompasses feelings of closeness, affection, and connectedness. c) companionate love in which strong affection is apparent with people whose lives are deeply involved. d) decision/commitment component that embodies both the initial cognition that one loves another, as well as the long-term determination to maintain that love.
C
According to the family lifecycle approach, the initial stage of the family cycle involves a a. preschool boy and girl being socialized into the role of a father or mother. b. dating couple. c. married couple without children. d. married couple that have just had their first child (the childbearing family).
C
Alan is a very masculine young man who excels in typical male-oriented activities. Still, he is sexually attracted to other men. For Alan, being attracted to other men is his a) gender identity. b) sexual attraction. c) sexual orientation. d) homosexuality.
C
As a permissive parent, Mr. Twister is most likely to tell his temper tantrum-throwing son, a. "One more word, and you are going to get a whipping." b. "We need to talk about these outbursts." c. "That's right, you go ahead and let out any of those bad feelings and don't worry if you break something in the process." d. "While I know you are upset and maybe you are right, we do have rules of conduct and outbursts like this will not be tolerated."
C
As an infant, Molly was securely attached to her mother and her father, and this attachment has not changed. When she enters preschool, she is most likely to a. strenuously resist separating from her parents. b. cling to her teacher in her parents' absence. c. be curious and willing to explore her environment. d. be socially immature.
C
Concerning modern trends in family life, a. today's two wageearner families are financially worse off that families with one wage earner. b. most adults now view marriage as an unimportant institution. c. more children today have relationships with their grandparents than in generations past. d. the nuclear family continues to be the dominant family type in the United States.
C
Darnell and Denise have been happily dating for months; however, they do not feel compelled to make a long-term commitment yet. Psychologist Robert Sternberg would call their relationship a) consummate love. b) companionate love. c) romantic love. d) liking.
C
Due to his level of interaction, Butch might best be considered a substitute parent for his grandson Patrick. This indicates that Butch has a(n) _____ grandparenting style. a. remote c. involved b. companionate d. watch dog
C
Five-year-old Otto is watching a group of children who are playing with Lego blocks. Occasionally, he says things like "that's a neat car" or "want some blocks?" However, he does not sit down and play with the Legos himself. This best demonstrates which form of play? a. Unoccupied c. Onlooker b. Cooperative d. Solitary
C
Which of the following changes in the nature of the American family is true? a. Family size (number of offspring) is on the rise. b. The number of working moms is declining. c. The age of marriage has been delayed. d. There has been a decrease in the number of children living in poverty.
C
Frieda (18 months) and her mother are visiting at a friend's house. Although there are lots of toys to play with, Frieda seems disinterested. When Frieda's mother and her friend go to the kitchen for tea, Frieda appears undisturbed. Twenty minutes later, her mother emerges from the kitchen and tries to pick Frieda up. Frieda is unresponsive and wants to get down. When put down, Frieda ignores her mother and wanders around. This best demonstrates a(n) _____ attachment relationship between Frieda and her mom. a. disorganized-disoriented c. avoidant b. resistant d. secure
C
George and Martha have just "emptied their nest" by dropping their youngest son off at college. It is most likely that a. Martha will become depressed. b. George will spend less time with Martha now that there are no children to keep him at home. c. Martha will feel like the marriage has become more equitable. d. Martha and George will become distant from one another without the children to bring them together.
C
Gorden's parenting style is summarized with the statement, "It's my way or the highway." This description indicates that Gorden is best classified as being high on the _____ dimension of childrearing. a. acceptance-responsiveness b. responsiveness-demandingness c. demandingness-control d. control-acceptance
C
Hostile, antisocial youngsters who abuse drugs tend to have parents who have parenting styles that are a. high in acceptance and high in control. b. high in acceptance and low in control. c. low in acceptance and low in control. d. low in acceptance and high in control.
C
How is marital satisfaction typically associated with the entry of the first child into a family and the exit of the last child from the family? a. Both events are characterized by a slight increase in marital satisfaction. b. The entry is characterized by a slight increase and the launching with a slight decrease in marital satisfaction. c. The entry is characterized by a slight decrease and the launching with a slight increase in marital satisfaction. d. Both events are characterized by a slight decrease in marital satisfaction.
C
In Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, the contextual aspect of intelligence deals with a) how prior experiences are used in problem solving, which involves the ability to cope with new situations. b) analysis of data to solve problems, using previously-learned information. c) how intelligence is used to face real-world demands. d) how emotional experiences affect our interpretation of the information around us, and how we choose to affect change (i.e., emotional intelligence).
C
In which type of attachment does a child show clear distress when the caregiver to whom he is attached leaves, but ambivalence when the caregiver returns? a. Secure c. Resistant b. Disorganized-disoriented d. Avoidant
C
Intelligence that reflects information processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory is called a) crystallized intelligence. b) verbal intelligence. c) fluid intelligence. d) perceptual intelligence.
C
It appears that _____ can protect a child from the impact of abuse. a. only genetic factors b. only environmental factors c. both genetic and environmental factors d. nothing
C
Johnny has watched his older brother climb up and down the stairs. When his brother reaches the top of the stairs, he immediately goes to his mother and she gives him a treat. Johnny is now attempting to climb stairs. According to Sternberg, this is an example of a) emotional intelligence. b) intellectual intelligence. c) practical intelligence. d) social intelligence.
C
Katlyn and Sam have agreed to participate in marriage counseling. They have been married for five years and report they have become bored with their marriage. Initially, what can the marriage therapist tell them regarding the "ups and downs" of marriage? a) They will need to improve their communication skills to discuss issues. b) Marital satisfaction will decline if couples do not engage in fun activities. c) Marital satisfaction begins to decline just after the marriage and it continues to fall until it reaches its lowest point following the birth of children. d) Couples should spend more time with other married couples to engage in decision-making.
C
Mark and Angela met one night at a local bar, and after dating for two weeks they decided to move in together despite barely knowing each other. Psychologist Robert Sternberg would call their relationship a) companionate love. b) infatuated love. c) fatuous love. d) empty love.
C
Middle-aged people who lose their jobs may be discriminated against when trying to find a new job, which is not only illegal, but based upon misguided assumptions. All of the following statements are true about middle-aged workers EXCEPT older workers show less absenteeism than younger workers. older workers hold their jobs longer. older workers are less reliable. older workers are willing to learn new skills
C
Morticia and Gomez are getting married. It is a first marriage for both of them. Based on recent research (including U.S. census data), which is true? a. Morticia and Gomez are most likely younger than their parents were when they got married. b. There is a 60% probability that Morticia and Gomez will get divorced. c. Morticia is more likely than her mother was to work outside of the home. d. Morticia and Gomez are likely to have more children than their parents did.
C
Most parents who abuse their children a. never witnessed or experienced violence when they were children. b. have an inflated sense of self-esteem. c. have inaccurate expectations concerning child development. d. are older fathers.
C
Preschool age children's view of themselves also reflects the way their culture views self. For example, many Asian societies tend to have a) an individualistic orientation. b) self-concept orientation. c) a collectivistic orientation. d) nationalistic orientation.
C
Research shows that ________ declines with age, while ________ remains steady and sometimes improves. a) crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence b) information processing; fluid intelligence c) fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence d) crystallized intelligence; information processing
C
Which of the following is NOT a reason why men and women cite satisfaction with their marriage? a) They state that their spouse is their best friend. b) Marriage brings a long-term commitment with the same aims and goals. c) They state that their spouse has sex with them as often as they want. d) Their spouses have grown more interesting over the course of the marriage.
C
Robbie is a 4-year-old boy in the U.S. who is encouraged to stand out from the rest and make his needs known. Sean is a 4-year-old boy in Japan who is encouraged to blend in and refrain from making himself distinct. Robbie is growing up with a(n) _________, and Sean is growing up with _______. a) self-concept; no self-concept b) self-concept; a collectivistic orientation c) individualistic orientation; a collectivistic orientation d) individualistic orientation; no self-concept
C
Separation anxiety generally appears a. at the time when infants begin to prefer human to nonhuman stimuli. b. at the time when infants begin to express a preference for familiar people. c. when the child forms his or her first genuine attachment. d. toward the end of the preoperational period.
C
Sixteen-year-old Becky wants to go on a weekend camping trip with a group of her friends (some of whom are male). She brings up the idea with her parents. As they tend to be authoritative parents, their most likely response is to say, a. "Absolutely not. Case closed." b. "Do as you please. It's your life!" c. "Let's sit down and discsuss this. We're not sure if this is a good idea, but we'd like to hear your views. Then we'll come to some sort of agreement." d. We don't approve, but if you insist..."
C
Some developmentalists suggest that two kinds of intelligence exist. What is the term for the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply in problem-solving situations? a) triarchic theory of intelligence b) fluid intelligence c) crystallized intelligence d) intellectual quotient
C
The amount of influence of decisions that lie with the parent versus the child is referred to as the _____ dimension of childrearing. a. acceptance-responsiveness b. responsiveness-demandingness c. demandingness-control d. control-acceptance
C
The authoritarian parenting approach is characterized by _____ acceptance-responsiveness and _____ demandingness-control. a. high; high c. low; high b. high; low d. low; low
C
The fact that infants elicit more sensitive care from adults than teens is best explained by a. the parent effects model. c. the child effects model. b. caregiver burden. d. permissive parenting.
C
The family systems approach to understanding families suggests that a. the larger the family network, the lower the quality of interaction between parent and child. b. the mother is the central influence on a child's development. c. every relationship within the system has an impact on every other individual in the system. d. families function in a similar manner from one culture to the next.
C
The idea of an "empty nest" is best associated with the concept of the a. end of menopause when childbearing is no longer possible. b. feeling of a "new life" experienced following divorce. c. launching of the last child from the family home. d. death of a life-long spouse.
C
The minimum number of members required in a traditional nuclear family is a. 1. b. 2. c. 3. d. 4.
C
The most common form of grandparenting in the United States appears to be one where there is a. little contact between grandparent and grandchild, largely due to geographical distance. b. frequent contact between grandparent and grandchild, with the grandparent often assuming a parental role. c. frequent contact between grandparent and grandchild, with the primary goal being enjoyment of one another. d. infrequent contact between grandparent and grandchild, but when together the grandparents tend to meddle in the way the child is being reared.
C
The most likely negative outcome of being an involved grandparent is a. guilt over lack of interaction with grandkids. b. lack of money due to overspending. c. depression over the responsibility of having a grandchild move into their home. d. remorse over not having had more children and more grandkids.
C
The neglectful parenting approach is characterized by _____ acceptance-responsiveness and _____ demandingness-control. a. high; high c. low; low b. high; low d. low; high
C
What is a major obstacle that the elderly continue to face with regard to working? The elderly don't have the stamina in their jobs that they had when they were younger. The elderly don't always have reliable transportation or a car to drive to their jobs. The elderly continue to face age discrimination. The working elderly lose tax advantages if they continue to work.
C
What is the paradox concerning independent behavior in infants? a. It appears to happen in boys whose mothers are unresponsive. b. It appears to only occur in infants who are insecure resistant rather than securely attached. c. It appears to require another person acting as a secure base for an infant to feel confident about acting indepenently and exploring the world. d. The independence of infancy comes before the extremely high desire for dependence on parents seen in the teenage years.
C
What is the term for a measure of intelligence that takes into account a student's mental and chronological age? a) standard age b) chronological/physical age c) intelligence quotient d) mental age
C
When attempting to explain why his son is so violent, Cedrick says, "He seems to have a natural tendency toward violence, and my spanking him has just made the situation worse." Cedrick's explanation best exemplifies the _____ model of family influence. a. parent effects c. transactional b. child effects d. indirect
C
Which best exemplifies the concept of coparenting? a. When singles Joe and Josephine decide that they will have a baby together b. When daughter Ella and her mother Elsa decide to complete a school project together c. When parents Edwin and Edwina agree to not spank their children d. When father Max and his father Ax decide that they will both speak to Max's daughter and Axe's grandson Dax about his drug use
C
Which emotion would be considered the most advanced for an infant to exhibit? a. Fear c. Guilt b. Interest d. Sadness
C
Which event ends the traditional family life cycle? a. Death of the last child b. Retirement c. Widowhood d. Death of the only remaining member of a family
C
Which family systems model would be most accepting of the notion, "The combination of an aggressive parent and a noncompliant child is the worst possible world!" a. Permissive parenting model b. Child effects model c. Transactional model d. Parents effects model
C
Which statement best summarizes the effects of parent-child attachments on later development? a. Insecurely attached infants have life-long emotional problems, even if the attachment style improves after infancy. b. A secure relationship with one's father cannot compensate for an insecure mother-child attachment relationship. c. A secure attachment may become insecure as a result of major stresses in the family, such as divorce or a mother returning to work. d. An infant who is securely attached to its mother at age one appears to make that child "invulnerable to later socioemotional" difficulties.
C
Which statement is true with regard to the nature of early parent-child interactions? a. As the result of genetic factors, fathers have been shown to be incapable of sensitive parenting. b. Mothers are far more sensitive to infants' cues during feeding. c. Fathers are more likely to engage in "playful interactions" (e.g., tickling, bouncing) with their children. d. Fathers are significantly less effective at feeding infants.
C
Which theory did the text identify as today's most influential theory of parentchild and other close relationships? a. Social learning theory c. Attachment theory b. Humanistic theory d. Cognitive developmental
C
A(n) _____ attachment is characterized by a lack of interest in exploring, little distress when separated from the attached caregiver, and lack of contact when the caregiver returns from separation. a. secure c. resistant b. disorganized-disoriented d. avoidant
D
According to Robert Sternberg, fatuous love develops when _________ is(are) present. intimacy and decision/commitment infatuation infatuation passion and intimacy passion and decision/commitment
D
According to Robert Sternberg, the IQ score from traditional tests, such as those administered in a psychoeducational evaluation in schools, relates well toa) emotional and interpersonal relationship success. b) adult career success. c) success in adult relationships. d) academic success.
D
According to Robert Sternberg, when two people are living in an arranged marriage or a couple has decided to stay together "for the sake of the children," this is called nonlove. fatuous love. liking. empty love.
D
According to Robert Sternberg, when two people share a loving, sexually vibrant, long-term relationship, this is called companionate love. infatuated love. fatuous love. consummate love.
D
According to the chart of phases of marital satisfaction in the text, at which point in the marriage is the level of satisfaction at its peak? at the beginning of the marriage when the children are preschool age when the children are grown to young adults when the couple is retired
D
Addy and Kit are both playing with dolls in the doll corner. They are dressing and undressing the dolls, and pretending to feed them dinner. However, Addy and Kit do not talk to one another or involve each other in their play. This best demonstrates which type of play? a. Associative c. Solitary b. Cooperative d. Parallel
D
How do most modern theorists react to the notion of sequential phases of a traditional family life cycle? a. They are highly supportive. b. They support the idea, but only in nuclear families. c. They support the idea, but only in extended families. d. They question the idea and embrace the view of individuals and families following a wider variety of life cycles.
D
How many of the following available roles (mother, husband, sister, son) would be seen in a family with two parents and two children (one boy and one girl)? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
D
If a person is attracted to another person of the same sex, this is a) heterosexuality. b) bisexuality. c) asexuality. d) homosexuality
D
In the United States, the most common form of mistreatment involves a. physical abuse. c. psychological abuse. b. sexual abuse. d. neglect.
D
It is most accurate to say that a parent's attachment relationship with his or her child a. becomes firmly established before the child is born. b. is formed during the few hours immediately following the child's birth. c. will be seriously impaired if there are no opportunities for prolonged and immediate contact following the child's birth. d. builds gradually over a period of many months.
D
Madison lives with her dad, mother, grandmother, aunt, and older brother, Austin. Madison's family is best termed a(n) ___ family household. a. dysfunctional c. reconstituted b. nuclear d. extended
D
Mallory works two different jobs to make ends meet and, as a result, she is so wrapped up in her own problems that she has little time to devote to her children. They basically do whatever they want and Mallory seems not to care. Which style of child rearing does this reflect? a. Authoritative c. Permissive b. Authoritarian d. Neglectful
D
Older adults may choose to work for all of the following reasons EXCEPT a) working can provide intellectual rewards. b) employment offers opportunities to socialize. c) they need to work for financial reasons. d) age discrimination is no longer a problem.
D
Riff is a member of a teenage gang. He's doing drugs and is into petty crime. On the rare days he shows up at school, he invariably ends up in a fight and leaves early. Riff's behavior is most typical of children raised by parents who are a. authoritative. c. permissive. B authoritarian. D neglectful
D
Rudy just turned 17 and has begun to hang with a bad crowd engaging in antisocial behaviors (e.g., drug use). His parents react by taking away his cell phone and treating him in a less supportive manner. Which family systems model is best exemplified by Rudy's parent's reaction? a. Social learning c. Indirect effect b. Parent effects d. Child effects
D
Separation anxiety is best associated with the emotion of a. trust. c. indigence. b. euphoria. d. fear.
D
Traditional intelligence tests, such as those used in psychoeducational evaluations in schools, usually focus on which of Sternberg's aspects of intelligence? a) contextual intelligence b) experiential intelligence c) practical intelligence d) componential intelligence
D
U.S. Census Bureau data indicates that compared with the recent past, there are currently fewer a. single adults. c. remarriages. b. single-parent families. d. caregivers for aging adults.
D
Western cultures, unlike many Asian cultures, foster a view of self reflected in a(n) a) self-concept. b) collectivistic orientation. c) initiative-versus-guilt stage. d) individualistic orientation.
D
What is the term for the perception of oneself as male or female? sexual identity individualistic orientation gender schema gender identity
D
What is the term that Binet developed for the typical intelligence level found for people at a given chronological age? a) standard age b) chronological/physical age c) intelligence quotient d) mental age
D
What type of intelligence allows some people to acquire the ability to relate to others, understand what others are experiencing, and respond to needs of others? a) intellectual intelligence b) practical intelligence c) virtual intelligence d) emotional intelligence
D
When a person uses information he/she has been taught (e.g., choose formulas and problem-solving strategies) to solve problems in a rational way, Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence would suggest that person was demonstrating a) contextual intelligence. b) experiential intelligence. c) practical intelligence. d) componential intelligence.
D
When asked to describe her parenting style, Mercedes says, "I can sum it up in a single word: indulgent!" This description indicates that Mercedes is best classified as being a(n) _____ parent. a. authoritarian c. moderate b. authoritative d. permissive
D
Which infant attachment type is most highly associated with later emotional problems? a. Resistant c. Reliant b. Avoidant d. Disorganized-disoriented
D
Which statement is the best example of a macroenvironmental contributor to child abuse? a. Many abusers are former abuse victims. b. Abuse is higher in transient and poor neighborhoods. c. The fact that difficult children are at risk for abuse. d. A society that promotes physical punishment tends to have higher incidences of abuse.
D
Why are internal working models important in the attachment process? a. They are one of the few known genetic components of attachments. b. They are the only anti-conformity element of an attachment. c. They are the key behavioral component of attachments. d. They are a key mechanism that allows early experience to impact later behavior.
D
The term "gender" means the same thing as "sex."
F
Infants appear to construct a cognitive representation of themselves that is referred to as a(n) _____ working model.
Internal
During _____ play, children play next to each other and do the same thing, yet do not interact with each other.
Parallel
According to the _____ effects model, a child's behavior is determined exclusively by the actions of their parent.
Parent
Most infants are classified as having a(n) _____ attachment to their caregiver.
Secure
One-year-old Burt becomes very upset whenever his mommy leaves the room. This common reaction is called _____ anxiety.
Separation
The _____ dimension of childrearing refers to the extent to which parents are supportive and sensitive to the needs of their children and are willing to provide affection and praise.
acceptance-responsiveness
The _____ parenting style is characterized by high levels of parental acceptance-responsiveness and high levels of parental demandingness-control.
authoritative
The _____ parenting style is characterized by low levels of parental acceptance-responsiveness and low levels of parental demandingness-control.
neglectful
A traditional _____ family consists entirely of two parents and their biological children.
nuclear
When two divorced people, each with a child, remarry, they create a blended or _____ family.
reconstituted
