HDFS 005 // Exam 3

Over the past 50 years, marriage rates in the United States have ______.

Decreased

Eating disorders are associated with altered neural activity in the parts of the brain that control which of the following?

Emotion, rewards, and decision-making

Mastery motivation is fostered by ______.

Engaging environments

Attending college is not associated with postformal reasoning.

False

Children who live with unmarried cohabiting parents who have close, caring relationships with them and whose union is stable still do not develop as well as their counterparts whose parents' marriage is stable.

False

If children adopt a learned helplessness orientation, they are more likely to focus on modifying their behavior to improve their performance.

False

Substantial research has proven that e-cigarettes are much safer than conventional cigarettes.

False

Longitudinal research with African American and European American youth found that traditional attitudes in ______ predict gender stereotyped attitudes.

Mothers

What is the most common cause of death in children aged 5-19?

Motor vehicle accidents

How is mourning different from grief?

Mourning is behavioral, whereas grief is emotional

Boys begin to show signs of gender stereotyping at an earlier age than do girls.

True

It is better to live on campus as a college student because peer interaction in academic and social contexts benefits students.

True

Limited drug and alcohol experimentation is common and associated with psychosocial health.

True

Same-sex married couples experience similar physical and mental health benefits as married heterosexual couples.

True

Successful elders retain a sense that they are the same person they have always been despite physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes.

True

Teachers and other professionals who come in contact with children are considered mandated reporters.

True

The majority of people with same-sex attractions do not openly identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.

True

The pattern of gender convergence in middle adulthood occurs in both Western and non-Western cultures.

True

Uninsured children and children in low-income households are less likely to receive the recommended series of vaccines than their peers.

True

Gender ______ is the process of acquiring gender roles.

Typing

What age is a child most likely to die from maltreatment?

Under age 3

Parents who focus on their own needs rather than those of the child have a(an) ______.

Uninvolved parenting style

Children tend to be most rigid about gender-stereotypic rules at about age ______.

5-6 years

About how many U.S. teens try an illicit drug at some point during high school?

50%

What percentage of girls diagnosed with anorexia nervosa make a full recovery?

50%

Fatal crash rates begin to increase at age ______.

70

Modern researchers view sexual orientation as ______.

A dynamic spectrum

Research suggests that dropping out of high school is usually a result of ______.

A gradual process of disengagement from school

The behavior of adolescents who are mourning tends to be ______.

Cyclical emotional outbursts

Binge drinking is classified as consuming _________.

4-5

The understanding that death is final, irreversible, and inevitable typically emerges in what age range?

5 to 7 years

Anxiety and depression in those who are widowed are especially elevated within what length of time after death of their spouse?

1 year

40-60% of children engage in sexual self-stimulation as early as the age of ______.

2

At what age do children become aware of their gender identity?

2 years

An estimated ______ of U.S. high school students identify themselves as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.

2-4%

What percentage of children under the age of 17 have experienced sexual abuse?

27%

Children are able to truly understand death when they have developed cognitive capacities for _____.

Abstract thinking

When a person shares with others their feelings about dying, it signals the stage of processing death called _____.

Acceptance

______ is the willingness to persist at challenging tasks and meet high standards of accomplishment.

Achievement motivation

What is one of the best predictors of marital satisfaction?

Age

The term for the integration of masculine and feminine characteristics is ______.

Androgyny

Considering that anorexia is associated with perfectionism and strict regulation of eating, why might this eating disorder manifest?

As a way to exert control

Parents of ______ countries tend to exhibit a growth mind-set and to view the application of effort as a moral responsibility.

Asian

Which statement regarding occupational expectations and reality is accurate?

At age 30, less than one-half of young people have careers that matched their expectations.

Parents who emphasize behavioral control and obedience over warmth engage in the ______.

Authoritarian parenting style

In addition to genetic predisposition, why are African Americans and Mexican Americans diagnosed with diabetes at higher rates than European Americans?

Because of other factors that are associated with socioeconomic status

Why are rates of cohabitation rising?

Because of the trend for advanced education and delayed career entry

Why do educators, scholars, and policy makers call the population of non-college-bound youth the "forgotten"?

Because relatively few resources are directed toward learning about and assisting them

Why are nontraditional students better at making meaning of theoretical concepts?

Because they have life experience and knowledge of multiple roles that help

The biggest health risks that adolescents and young adults face develop from ______.

Behavior

Who is most likely to be a perpetrator of child maltreatment?

Biological Parents

A(n) ______ preschool allows children to choose among a variety of activities and play as vehicles for learning.

Child-centered

Each year one out of every five deaths in the United States is caused by ______.

Cigarette smoking

Sustained marijuana use is associated with which of the following?

Cognitive difficulties and poor relationship satisfaction

Why is the divorce rate higher for couples with stepchildren?

Conflicts between the child and stepparent

______ originate(s) from the traditional role of women as child bearers and caregivers.

Gender role norms

If children view their skills and characteristics as malleable, then they have a ______ mind-set.

Growth

What best predicts the likelihood of dropping out of college?

How a student handles the transition to college

Children raised by permissive parents tend to be ______.

Impulsive and rebellious

Substance abuse often peaks ______.

In the 20s

The widowhood effect means ______.

Increased likelihood for a recently widowed person to die

Women in ______ countries express more stereotypical female emotions than men.

Individualistic

It is common for an adult child's transition to independent living to include ______.

Intermittent moves back home

An infant may be more at risk of sudden infant death syndrome if they _____.

Is exposed to tobacco smoke

Each year alcohol is implicated in about one third of all ______.

Traffic fatalities

A concern that was a major factor for persons in Oregon who chose physician-assisted suicide was ______.

Loss of dignity due to the medical condition

A living will is a legal document that permits a person to ______.

Make health-care wishes known if the person is unable to do so

By ______, cliques become mixed and form the basis for dating.

Mid-adolescence

Those who adopt a different gender identity than the one assigned at birth are referred to as ______.

Transgender

Treatment focusing on controlling pain and related symptoms is called ______.

Paliative

______, in which parents are aware of their adolescents' whereabouts and companions, is associated with academic achievement, overall well-being, reduced sexual activity, and deters delinquent activity and substance use in youth of all ethnicities.

Parental monitoring

Which term means death from removal of life-sustaining treatment?

Passive euthanasia

The degree to which a child is viewed as a worthy social partner by his or her peers is called ______.

Peer acceptance

Parents who are warm, accepting, indulgent, and have few rules and expectations for their children exhibit the ______.

Permissive parenting style

Which of the following is associated with greater student motivation and academic achievement in the first grade?

Positive interactions with teachers

______ was created by the federal government to provide economically disadvantaged children with nutritional, health, and educational services during their early years.

Project Head Start

The philosophy of the hospice approach emphasizes ______.

Prolonging quality of life

Early deficits in ______ influence(s) all areas of future academic performance.

Reading

Awareness of death often causes midlife adults to ______.

Reevaluate prioities

______ cannot only prevent neural damage, it can also reverse it.

Regular physical exercise

What is the leading cause of death of infants under 1 year of age?

SIDS

Middle-aged adults who must meet the multiple demands of career and family as well as the demands of caring for two generations, their children and their elderly parents, are considered to be in the ______.

Sandwich generation

______ is determined by the presence or absence of a Y chromosome in the 23rd pair of chromosomes and by an infant's genitals.

Sex

An individual's awareness and comfort regarding sexual behaviors, interests, and attitudes is called ______.

Sexual Identity

______ develops in a process similar to other aspects of identity development—it entails a period of exploration and commitment.

Sexual identity

During the transition to parenthood, almost all couples will ______.

Shift toward traditional marital roles and division of labor

About 40% of children living in ______ households are poor.

Single-parent

Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease that is related to all of the following except ______.

Sleep

Which of the following significantly increases risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, heart attack, vascular disease, and aneurysm?

Smoking cigarettes

For older adults who are lonely, declines in cognitive functioning can be reversed with ______.

Social support

______ influences children's motivation through the availability of opportunities and resources.

Socioeconomic status

The organization and characteristics of middle school often do not fit young adolescents' needs, which means that there is little ______.

Stage-environment fit

What is the most important aspect of attending college for developmental outcomes?

Student involvement

Which of the following countries has the highest teen birth rates?

The United States

What employee benefit does not show lower rates of employee absenteeism and higher productivity?

The ability to work in teams

It is believed that ______ marks the beginning of children's sexual desire.

The maturation of the adrenal glands

When LGBT adolescents perceive discrimination and victimization by peers ______.

They are more likely to suffer from psychological and behavioral problems

Anorexia is extremely resistant to treatment because ______.

Those who are affected tend to deny that there is a problem

According to the National Vaccine Advisory Committee, children should receive the full schedule of vaccinations ______.

Within the appropriate timetable

Research on the prevention and treatment of illness in adults has largely ignored ______.

Women and minorities