Health 1-Chapter 4: Sleep

What are consequences of poor sleep for a night or a few nights?

irritability volatility disinhibition

What neuroendocrine substances regulate appetite and can be affected by lack of adequate sleep?

leptin ghrelin

What occurs during microsleep?

loss of perception of outside world

What are treatments for the physical disrupters of anxiety and stress?

meditation and other relaxation strategies a "wind-down" time before bedtime

Who of the following would have the highest risk of developing type 2 diabetes?

men who have short sleep durations

________________ is a momentary lapse in which some parts of the brain lose consciousness.

microsleep

What is the neurological disorder that is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep paralysis, and sudden loss of muscle control?

narcolepsy

What is not an environmental disrupter?

nasal congestion

Which are sleep disrupters?

nasal congestion pain caffeine

What are the first three stages of sleep called?

non-rapid eye movement sleep

The suprachiasmatic ___________is the master clock that sets and controls the sleep-wake cycle.

nucleus

During REM sleep, the muscles in the limbs relax completely causing temporary

paralysis.

The stages of sleep are primarily characterized by different

patterns of electrical brain activity.

What issues may increase the risk of developing dementia or cause an earlier onset of dementia?

poor quality sleep sleep disruptions during the night

Which group of women is particularly affected RLS?

pregnant women

Amber recalls having detailed dreams. These dreams occur during the ______ sleep cycle.

rapid eye movement (REM)

What are common physical disrupters?

reflux pain urination

What are medical interventions that can help treat sleep apnea?

removal of tonsils certain oral appliances continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines

The sleep disrupter characterized by a feeling of discomfort or body tension that often affects the legs is called __________ leg syndrome.

restless

Which sleep-related phenomena can contribute to diabetes?

sleep apnea difficulty falling or staying asleep

What is the name for the way in which the distinct stages of sleep come together?

sleep architecture

What can be side effects of a circadian rhythm that is out of sync?

sleepiness nausea mood changes

What are typical patterns of sleep during adolescence?

sleeping late into the morning not feeling sleepy until late at night

To control sleep apnea, the following are recommended options except

sleeping on your back.

What is a lifestyle change that can help treat sleep apnea?

sleeping on your side

________-________ sleep occurs during the deepest stage of sleep, stage III.

slow-wave

What sleep problems are more common among men than women?

snoring sleep apnea

Who is likeliest to have the lowest pain threshold?

someone who gets about five hours of disrupted sleep each night

Adolescents who get enough sleep are likelier to do which of the following?

succeed academically have a better mood refrain from engaging ind risky behaviors

Which description best describes the brain waves that occur during Stage III sleep?

synchronized and slow

The homeostatic sleep drive is controlled by

the buildup of a chemical by-product of brain activity. (adenosine)

What brain wave occurs during Stage I of sleep?

theta

True or false: Circadian rhythms affect athletic performance.

true

When is chronic insomnia diagnosed?

when a person experiences three nights per week of disrupted sleep for three months

When is melatonin usually produced?

when the sun sets

What are phenomena that can influence and reset the body's master clock called?

zeitgebers

Which system helps remove proteins, such as amyloids, during sleep and is protective against dementia?

glymphatic system

For men, which of the following carries the highest mortality risk?

having hypertension and sleeping less than six hours a night

sleep ________ are factors that interfere with the ability to fall asleep or stay asleep

disrupters

What tool measures brain activity during sleep?

electroencephalogram

What are examples of zeitgebers? (Select all that apply.)

exercise being exposed to light eating

True or false: If you tend to awaken at night, you should watch television in your bedroom.

false

Match the neuroendocrine substance with its function.

ghrelin: increases appetite leptin: decreases appetite

Steve has chronic insomnia. In order to overcome it, he needs to

Discover the cause of his poor sleep.

What is not a question on the sleep disrupter checklist?

Do I dream almost every night?

What is a true statement about athletic performance and sleep?

Athletic performance can be improved by getting an adequate amount of sleep.

What statements about caffeine and sleep are true?

Caffeine affects the homeostatic sleep drive. For some people, drinking coffee in the morning can affect their sleep throughout the following evening.

True or false: Sleep affects the nervous system but not the endocrine system of the body.

False

After completing the sleep disrupter checklist, what should you do?

Identify possible sleep disrupters. Keep a sleep log. Remove or reduce sleep disrupters.

Which of following statements about insomnia are true?

Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep. About one-third of U.S. adult have some symptoms of insomnia.

____________ is the hormone secreted by the pineal gland, especially in response to darkness.

Melatonin

What is recommended for making a room a good sleep environment?

darkness

What are true statements about sleep and pain?

Poor sleep can increase the risk of developing pain. Poor sleep can create a lower pain threshold.

What are ways to strengthen your circadian rhythm?

Refrain from using electronic devices in the evening. Receive good light exposure in the morning.

Who of the following would be the most likely to have narcolepsy?

Ricardo, who suddenly loses muscle control and becomes briefly paralyzed when startled

What is the lightest stage of sleep?

Stage I

In what stage of sleep do different kinds of brain waves occur in bursts of synchrony?

Stage II

In which stage of sleep do sleepers spend the most time?

Stage II

What stage of sleep has the most restorative functions?

Stage III

Which statement is true about sleep cycles?

They cycle through NREM sleep and REM sleep.

What are true statements about the connection between depression and insomnia?

Treatment for insomnia can alleviate symptoms of depression.

True or false: The amount of sleep an adult needs each night is unique to the person.

True

Almost every night, Rick's roommate appears to stop breathing while he sleeps. Rick mentioned this to his roommate, who then went to the student health center for a consultation. It was determined that the symptoms of Rick's roommate were caused by

Who is the most likely to have chronic insomnia?

What statement about sleep is true?

Worrying about sleeplessness can make it more difficult to fall asleep. Resting and relaxing can be restorative.

What causes social jet-lag?

a circadian rhythm that is out of sync

Who is the most likely to have chronic insomnia?

a person with a high arousal tendency

Who of the following would be likeliest to develop hypertension?

a person with severe sleep apnea

Which neurochemical is likely responsible for the homeostatic sleep drive?

adenosine

What type of brain waves does the electroencephalogram measure when people are awake and quietly resting with their eyes closed?

alpha waves

Sleep _________is the involuntary, repeated interruption of normal breathing during sleep, caused by blocked airways or faulty brain signaling to muscles that support breathing.

apnea

Who needs the most sleep?

babies

What is not a major risk factor for falling asleep at the wheel?

being a woman

Which type of light is produced by electronic devices and can disrupt sleep?

blue light

What happens when humans fall asleep?

body temperature declines blood pressure drops

How does caffeine affect the homeostatic sleep drive?

by blocking adenosine receptors in the brain

What is the sleep-and-wake pattern that is coordinated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus?

circadian rhythm

Which beverages tend to disrupt sleep?

coffee energy drinks alcoholic drinks

What can worsen sleepiness while driving?

cold medicines antihistamines muscle relaxants