Health Asessment Chapters 20,26,27

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

vasomotor

'Vasomotor' refers to the 'vasomotor center,' the part of the brain that manages blood pressure. Hormonal changes lead to vasomotor symptoms in menopause

________ is displacement of the urinary meatus to the dorsal surface of the penis

Epispadias

Do you have difficulty attaining or maintaining an erection? Do you have any problem with ejaculation? Do you have pain with ejaculation?

Erectile dysfunction (ED) occurs frequently in adult males and may be attributed to various factors or disorders (e.g., alcohol use, diabetes, depression, antihypertensive medications). Pain with ejaculation may indicate epididymitis

do you have any itching in your public hair area?

Perineal itching is seen with crab lice (Pediculosis pubis)

What are some modifiable factors for penis cancer?

Phimosis, poor personal hygiene, sexual promiscutiy, using tobacco products, and a history of HPV are all modifiable risk factors for penile cancer

malignancy

a dangerous cancerous growth that sheds cells into body fluids and spreads to new locations to start new cancer colonies

Clay-colored stools result from

a lack of bile pigment

Any discharge that comes out of the urinary meatus during a check up should be _________.

cultured

A beaded or thickened cord indicates infection or _____

cysts

posthysterectomy

does not have a uterus

Gonorrhea has

drainage

_________ around piercings indicates infection.

drainage

Lifelong poverty and lower educational level are associated with ______menopause across the world

earlier

Infection of the epididymis. Client usually complains of sudden pain. Scrotum appears enlarged, reddened, and swollen; tender epididymis is palpated. Usually associated with prostatitis or bacterial infection.

epdidymitis

according to Prehn's sign, the physical lifting of the testicles relieves the pain of ______ but not pain caused by testicular torsion.

epididymitis

pain with ejaculation could be attributed to

epididymitis

The urethral meatus is located on the top of the glans (dorsal side); occurs rarely. This condition is a congenital defect.

epispadis

Lack of libido may arise

from psychogenic causes such as depression, endocrine dysfunction, or side effects of medications

Black stools may indicate

gastrointestinal bleeding or the use of iron supplements or Pepto-Bismol

Single or multiple, moist, fleshy papules. Painless. STI caused by the human papillomavirus.

genital warts

Pimple-like lesions from herpes are sometimes detected on the ______ of the penis

glans

What does estrogen increase

glycogen content in vaginal secretions

symptoms of inguinal hernia

groin discomfort, pain in abdominal area, bulging,pain

Vascular problems cause about ______the cases of impotence in men older than 50 years.

half

blood

hematocele

in the anus, Tenderness may indicate_______. Nodules may indicate polyps or cancer. Hardness may indicate scarring or cancer.

hemorrhoids, fistula, or fissure

Red blood in the stool is found with

hemorrhoids, polyps, cancer, or colitis

A bulge or mass may indicate a

hernia

Bulges that appear at the external inguinal ring or at the femoral canal when the client bears down may signal a

hernia

bowel

hernia

scrotal hernia

hernia near the scrotum

What could pain in the penis, scrotum, testes, or groins indicate?

hernia, epididymis inflammation, peyronie's disease, herpes simplex virus, prositis, STI's,

what is syphilitic chancre sometimes misdiagnosed as?

herpes

A 68-year-old man comes to the clinic reporting that he is having difficulty obtaining an erection. When reviewing the patient's history what might the nurse note that contributes to impotence?

history of hypertension

HRT

hormone replacement therapy (estrogen and progesterone)

.Bowel sounds will not be heard over a__________ .

hydrocele

A cyst suggests________ of the spermatic cord.

hydrocele

If the mass remains, place your fingers above the scrotal mass. If you can get your fingers above the mass, suspect _______

hydrocele

water

hydrocele

Enlargement of the scrotum may indicate

hydrocele, hematocele, hernia, or cancer.

Urethral meatus is located underneath the glans (ventral side). This condition is a congenital defect. A groove extends from the meatus to the normal location of the urethral meatus. A ventral view (A) shows the urethra opening on the underside of the penis. In this photo of a baby with hypospadias (B), the urethral opening is on the scrotum.

hypospadias

When the urinary meatus is displaced in a male on the ventral side of the penis, it is known as

hypospadias.

An enlarged scrotal sac may result from fluid

hyrdocele

impotence

inability to achieve an erection

If you cannot push the mass into the abdomen, suspect an_____ ________.

incarcerated hernia.

Palpate for urethral discharge. Gently squeeze the glans between your_____ finger and ______

index, thumb

What does a positive prehn's test mean?

indicates there is pain relief with lifting the affected testicle, which points towards epididymitis

Lumps, swelling, or masses found in the scrotum, genital, or groin area may indicate

infection, hernia, or cancer

urethritis

inflamed urethra

colitis

inflammation of the colon

epididymitis

inflammation of the epididymis that is frequently caused by the spread of infection from the urethra or the bladder

palpate any abonormalties with the shaft of the penis. what can tenderness indicate? also note any hardened areas of the penis.

inflammation or infection

Enlarged or tender lymph nodes may indicate an _______process or ________ of the penis or scrotum.

inflammatory, infection

orchitis

is an inflammation of one or both testicles. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection or by the mumps virus.

What are some older patient considerations to remember with the scrotum?

it enlarges with age

A foreskin that is left in a retracted position leads to venous congestion and edema of the foreskin.

paraphimosis

A foreskin that, once retracted, cannot be returned to cover the glans is called

paraphimosis

Older Adult Considerations Testes may be smaller and feel_______to palpation in older men.

softer

Never use your fingertip—this causes the ______ to tighten and, if forced into the rectum, may cause pain.

sphincter

Poor sphincter tone may be the result of a _____ _______injury, previous surgery, trauma, or a _____ rectum.

spinal cord, prolapsed

what is normal sphincter function when palpating the anus

spincter is loose enough for examination finger to enter

What is abnormal spincter function when palpating the anus

spincter tightens

what are some positions for a male rectal examination

standing or left lateral

Yellow stool suggests increased fat content or

steatorrhea

yellow stool suggests ________ (increased fat content)

steatorrhea

Even in the presence of a hernia, absolute symmetry to inspection may be preserved. The actions of _______ and increasing intra-abdominal pressure cause the hernia to protrude. Hernias will not necessarily be present on CT scans unless this maneuvre is undertaken.

straining

erythema

superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches, as a result of injury or irritation causing dilatation of the blood capillaries

prostatectomy

surgical procedure for the partial or complete removal of the prostate. It may be performed to treat prostate cancer or BPH

what is prostitis

swelling of the walnut-sized gland (prostate) that produces seminal fluid and narrows the urethra

A thrombosed external hemorrhoid appears ______. It is itchy, painful, and bleeds when the client passes stool.

swollen

hemmorrhoid

swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus that cause discomfort and bleeding

Chancres (red, oval ulcerations) from syphilis and genital warts are sometimes detected under the foreskin. what is this an indication of?

syphilitic chancre

Initially a small, silvery-white papule that develops a red, oval ulceration. Painless. A sign of primary syphilis (a sexually transmitted infection [STI]) that spontaneously regresses. May be misdiagnosed as herpes.

syphilitic chancre

If the client complains of extreme_______ or _______ do not try to push the mass up into the abdomen.

tenderness, nausea

if a prehn's test shows to be negative, what is going on and what must happen?

testicular torsion which is a surgical emergency and must be relieved within 6 hours

Menarche

the first occurrence of menstruation

what are normal findings of the scrotal skin?

thin and rugated, (crinkled) with little hair dispersion. Its color is slightly darker than that of the penis.sebaceous cysts (small, yellowish, firm, nontender, benign nodules) are a normal finding

tenderness and swelling of the scrotal contenets may also indicate_______ of the spermatic cord, ________, or

torsion, epididymis, or strangulation of a hernia

If an abnomal mass was found in the scrotal contents, then what should we do to that scrotum?

transilluminate

Clients from some cultures (e.g., Islam) may insist on having a female nurse for both the nursing history and physical assessment of the female genitalia, anus, and rectum. true/false

true

The normal pubic hair pattern in adults is hair covering the entire groin area, extending to the medial thighs and up the abdomen toward the umbilicus. true/false

true

Palpate the scrotal contents. Palpate each testis and epididymis between your thumb and first_____fingers (Fig. 26-11). Note size, shape, consistency, nodules, masses, and tenderness.

two

The prostate can be palpated on the anterior surface of the rectum by turning the hand fully counterclockwise so that the pad of the index finger faces toward the client's

umbilicus

hypo

under, beneath, below, (ventral)

idiopathic

unknown cause

Black stool may indicate

upper gastrointestinal bleeding

lastly, after auscultating the abnormal scrotal for bowel sounds, try to push it ________ into the abdomen. If the bulge disappears no scrotal hernia is present, but the mass may result from something else.

upward

causes of bph

urinary problems

turia

urine

Prostitis treatment

usually heals itself, but antibiotics may be prescribed

A _______ is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, which may cause low sperm production and decreased sperm quality, which can cause infertility.

varicocele

Palpable, tortuous veins of the spermatic cord, epididymis, and vas deferens up to the inguinal ring suggest what?

varicocele

hydro

water

testicular torsion

when the smermatic cord that is attached to the testis is twisted so many times that blood flow is not longer flowing and is often strangulated causes strong onset of pain

A clear or_____ discharge is usually associated with urethritis

white

A ______ discharge is usually associated with gonorrhea

yellow

does age cause an increase in erectile dysfunction

yes

if the scrotum is abnormal will it transilluminate?

yes but only the serous fluids will light up with a red glow, but swellings or masses that are solid or filled with blood, tumors, hernias, or varioceles, will not light up with a red glow

testicular torsion symptoms

severe local pain, nausea and vomiting

If pubertal mutilation has occurred, actual discharge of urine and semen will occur at the location of the______opening.

shaft

If an examination of the upper rectum and sigmoid colon is necessary, a ________ should be performed.

sigmoidoscopy

Palpate the scrotal contents. Palpate each testis and epididymis between your thumb and first_____fingers (Fig. 26-11). Note:

size, shape, consistency, nodules, masses, and tenderness

The foreskin retracts easily. A small amount of whitish material, called_______ , normally accumulates under the foreskin

smegma

The testis should feel

smooth, firm, rubbery, mobile, free of nodules, and rather tender to palpation

An enlarged scrotal sac may result from fluid

(hydrocele), blood (hematocele), bowel (hernia), or tumor (cancer).

In the United States, ages of menarche range from

10.5 to 15.5 years of age

Menarche occurs at about ____ body fat, and____body fat is needed to maintain menstruation.

17, 22

A normal menstrual cycle usually occurs approximately every_____ days.

18-45

A male factor is solely responsible in about_____ of infertile couples

20%

The average length of menstrual blood flow is______days.

3-7

If tension is maintained on the gluteal folds for____ seconds, the anus will dilate normally.

60

About _____ of menopausal women experience hot flashes and night sweats.

60%

What is your usual bowel pattern? Have you noticed any recent change in the pattern? Any pain while passing a bowel movement?

A change in bowel pattern is one of the warning signs of cancer, more evaluation, laboratory tests, and colonoscopy should be done

rectal prolapse

A condition that occurs when part of the large intestine slips outside the anus.

hydrocele

A fluid-filled sac around a testicle, swelling of the scrotum

Do you have or have you had any trouble with fertility?

A male factor is solely responsible in about 20% of infertile couples and contributory in another 30% to 40%

gonorrhea

A sexually transmitted bacterial infection that, if untreated, may cause infertility, spreads by sexual contact

Do you have a heavy, dragging feeling in your scrotum?

A testicular tumor or scrotal hernia

what are abnormal findings of the foreskin

A tight foreskin that cannot be retracted is called phimosis. A foreskin that, once retracted, cannot be returned to cover the glans is called paraphimosis. Chancres (red, oval ulcerations) from syphilis and genital warts are sometimes detected under the foreskin

what are abnormal urethral discharge findings

A yellow discharge is usually associated with gonorrhea. A clear or white discharge is usually associated with urethritis. Any discharge should be cultured

prostatic enlargement

Age-associated prostate gland enlargement that can cause urination difficulty, often called (BPH) benign-prostatic hyperplasia

glycogen

An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.

Inspect the size, shape, and position of the scrotum.

Ask the client to hold his penis out of the way. Observe for swelling, lumps, or bulges.

A rubbery or boggy glandular consistency may indicate ___ a common finding in men older than 60 years of age. The gland may feel soft, tender, and boggy from infection.

BPH

Failure of one or both testicles to descend into scrotum. Scrotum appears undeveloped and testis cannot be palpated. Causes increased risk of testicular cancer.

CRYPTORCHIDISM

testicular tumor

Cancer in the male organs that make male hormones and sperm (testicles

what might redness, lesions, or abnormal shape of the glans of the penis indicate?

Chancres (red, oval ulcerations) from syphilis, genital warts, and pimple-like lesions from herpes are sometimes detected on the glans.

Have you noticed any change in the color, odor, or amount of your urine?

Changes in urine color or odor may indicate an infection. Blood in the urine (hematuria) should be referred for medical investigation because this may indicate infection, kidney stones, benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), or cancer. A decrease in amount of voided urine may indicate prostate enlargement or kidney problems.

Do you experience constipation?

Constipation may indicate a bowel obstruction, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or colon cancer, or the need for dietary counseling.

Do you experience diarrhea? Is the diarrhea associated with any nausea or vomiting?

Diarrhea may signal impaction, gastroenteritis, medication side effect, IBS, IBD, colitis, or indicate the need for dietary counseling.

Do you experience difficulty urinating (i.e., urgency, hesitancy, frequency, or difficulty starting or maintaining a stream)? How many times do you urinate during the night?

Difficulty urinating may indicate an infection or blockage, including prostatic enlargement.

Have you noticed any discharge from your penis? If so, how much? What color is it? What type of odor does it have?

Discharge may indicate an infection

Do you have trouble controlling your bowels?

Fecal incontinence occurs with neurologic disorders and some gastrointestinal infections.

excoriation

Frequent picking can irritate existing sores and even cause new ones to form. This can cause additional scabbing and lead to scarring. This continued picking can develop into a condition called skin-picking disorder

Clusters of pimple-like, clear vesicles that erupt and become ulcers. Painful. Initial lesions of this STI—typically caused by HSV-1 or HSV-2—disappear, and the infection remains dormant for varying periods of time. Recurrences can be frequent or minimally episodic.

HERPES PROGENITALIS

Collection of serous fluid in the scrotum, outside the testes within the tunica vaginalis. Appears as swelling in the scrotum and is usually painless. Usually the examiner can get fingers above this mass during palpation. Will transilluminate (if there is blood in the scrotum, it will not transilluminate and is called a "hematocele").

HYDROCELE

What other symptoms do you experience before or during your period (cramps, bloating, moodiness, breast tenderness)?

Headache, weight gain, mood swings, abdominal cramping, and bloating are common complaints before or during the menstrual period. Some women experience premenstrual syndrome (PMS), in which the symptoms become severe enough to impair the woman's ability to function.

what are some symptoms in vasomotor instability?

Hormonal changes associated with menopause cause several symptoms. Hot flashes, flushing, and night sweats

Are you experiencing any symptoms of menopause

Hormone fluctuations impact vasomotor instability, resulting in symptoms. About 60% of menopausal women experience hot flashes and night sweats. Mood swings, irritability, decreased appetite, vaginal dryness, spotting, and irregular vaginal bleeding may also occur.

__________ is displacement of the urinary meatus to the ventral surface of the penis

Hypospadias

what are abnormal findings of the urinary meatus

Hypospadias is displacement of the urinary meatus to the ventral surface of the penis. Epispadias is displacement of the urinary meatus to the dorsal surface of the penis

Do you ever experience urinary incontinence or dribbling?

Incontinence may occur after prostatectomy. Dribbling may be a sign of overflow incontinence. Other causes of incontinence after prostatectomy are related to age, enlarged prostate or prior benign prostate surgery, diabetes or neurologic diseases, smoking, excessive blood loss during surgery, size or stage of prostate tumor, or radiation after surgery

Have you stopped menstruating or have your periods become irregular? Are you currently taking any contraceptives containing estrogen or progesterone? Do you have any spotting between periods? What symptoms have you experienced?

Irregularities or amenorrhea may be due to pregnancy, depression, ovarian tumors, ovarian cysts, autoimmune disease nutritional and hormonal imbalances, and medications. Cessation of menstruation that is not related to hormonal therapy is termed menopause (see next rationale).

what are we going to inspect the perineal area for?

Lesions Rashes Redness Fissures Thickening of the epithelium lumps ulcers

Have you noticed any lesions on your penis or genital area? If so, do the lesions itch, burn, or sting? Please describe the lesions.

Lesions may be a sign of a sexually transmitted infection (STI) or cancer

Do you have any lumps, swelling, or masses in your scrotum, genital, or groin area? Have you noticed a change in the size of the scrotum?

Lumps, swelling, or masses found in the scrotum, genital, or groin area may indicate infection, hernia, or cancer. Enlargement of the scrotum may indicate hydrocele, hematocele, hernia, or cancer.

_______tends to begin earlier in women living in developed countries and later in women who live in undeveloped countries.

Menarche

if valsalva maneuver is normal

No bulging or lesions appear.

Do you experience any pain or burning when you urinate?

Painful urination may be a sign of urinary tract infection (UTI), prostatitis, or an STI

What is the treatment for herpes?

No cure, antiviral drugs

ED erectile dysfunction

Occurs when a man can't get or keep an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse.

What are symptoms of peyronie's disease

Pain in the penis, a significantly curved erection, pain will interfere with sexual function

what are symptoms of herpes simplex virus

Pain, itching, and small sores appear first. They form ulcers and scabs. After initial infection, genital herpes lies dormant in the body. Symptoms can recur for years

If the client has epididymitis, passive elevation of the testes may relieve the scrotal pain_______.

Prehn sign

Are you on a hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) regimen? If so, what type, and dosage? Are you satisfied with HRT?

Progestin therapy is only needed if the woman is posthysterectomy. There are a few newer reports of the benefits of progesterone for women without a uterus, to balance various physiologic functions (Paoletti, 2010). Studies have shown that in women who use estrogen therapy (ET) alone, there does not seem to be any effect on the risk of colorectal cancer. The American Cancer Society (ACS) (2015) describes findings of studies of women who use estrogen-progestin combination therapy (EPT) and the relationship to colorectal cancer. There is a lower risk of getting colorectal cancer at all, but of those who do get colorectal cancer, the cancers were more advanced (more likely to have spread to lymph nodes or distant sites) than those in the women not taking hormones.

an older man complains that his penis is getting smaller and that his testis are bigger and after an examination you have confirmed that nothing is abnormal. what do you tell this man

Pubic hair may be gray and sparse in older adult clients. In addition, the penis becomes smaller and the testes hang lower in the scrotum in older adult clients

pediculosis publis

Pubic lice, commonly called crabs, are tiny insects found in your genital area. They are a different type of louse from head lice and body lice

what are abnormal findings of the scrotal skin

Rashes, lesions, and inflammation are abnormal findings

A loop of bowel protrudes into the scrotum to create what is known as an indirect inguinal hernia. Hernia appears as swelling in the scrotum. Palpable as a soft mass and fingers cannot get above the mass.

SCROTAL HERNIA

Small (less than 3.5 cm long), soft testes indicate atrophy. Atrophy may result from cirrhosis, hypopituitarism, estrogen administration, extended illness, or the disorder may occur after orchitis. Small (less than 2 cm long), firm testes may indicate Klinefelter syndrome.

SMALL TESTES

rashes, lesions, or lumps of the shaft of the penis may indicate?

STI or cancer

Lesions may indicate

STIs, cancer, or hemorrhoids.

What equiptment is needed for a male examination?

Stool Gown Disposable non-latex gloves Flashlight (for possible transillumination) Stethoscope (for possible auscultation) Water soluble lubricant Specimen card

what is the "normal" for stool.

Stool is normally semi-solid, brown, and free of blood

What are abnormal findings of the scrotum with masses in them that we have to transilluminate?

Swellings or masses that contain serous fluid—hydrocele, spermatocele—light up with a red glow. Swellings or masses that are solid or filled with blood—tumor, hernias, or varicocele—do not light up with a red glow.

hemmorrhoid

Swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus that cause discomfort and bleeding.

what are flu symptoms

Symptoms include fever, chills, muscle aches, cough, congestion, runny nose, headaches, and fatigue,

diabetic neuropathy

Symptoms include pain and numbness in the legs. In more severe cases, symptoms include issues with digestion, the bladder, and controlling heart rate

muscle strain

Symptoms include pain, swelling, muscle spasms, and limited ability to move the muscle.

Initially a small, firm, nontender nodule on the testis. As the tumor grows, the scrotum appears enlarged and the client complains of a heavy feeling. When palpated, the testis feels enlarged and smooth—tumor replaces testis. Will not transilluminate.

TESTICULAR TUMOR

What was the date of your last menstrual period? Do your menstrual cycles occur on a regular schedule? How long do they last? Describe the typical amount of blood flow you have with your periods. Any clotting?

The absence of menstruation, excessive bleeding, or a marked change in menstrual pattern indicates a need to collect more information.

How should we know if the mass inside the patient's scrotum is a strangulated hernia? (the blood supply to the pt's hernia will be cut off)

The client typically complains of extreme tenderness and nausea. If you suspect that the client has a strangulated hernia, refer the client immediately to the physician and prepare him for surgery

what are the normal findings of palpating the shaft of the penis

The penis in a nonerect state is usually soft, flaccid, and nontender

normal scrotal findings

The scrotum varies in size (according to temperature) and shape. The scrotal sac hangs below or at the level of the penis. The left side of the scrotal sac usually hangs lower than the right side.

diabetic neuopathy treatment

Treatment includes managing blood sugar and using medications to control symptoms

Have you started taking any new medications?

Urinating more than one time during the night may indicate prostate abnormalities. Excessive intake of fluids and some medications, such as diuretics, may also cause nocturia.

is performed by moderately forceful attempted exhalation against a closed airway, usually done by closing one's mouth, pinching one's nose shut while pressing out as if blowing up a balloon

Valsalva maneuver

what is the treatment for variocele (scrotal vericose veins)

Varicoceles that cause no symptoms typically require no treatment. Cases in which symptoms occur can be repaired surgically.

Absence of a testis suggests _________ (an undescended testicle)

cryptorchidism

hematocele

a swelling caused by blood collecting in a body cavity

amenorrhea

absence of menstruation

Tenderness and swelling of the scrotum may indicate

acute orchitis

variocele

aka scrotum vericose veins, an enlargement of veins within the scrotum

What can ED be attributed to?

alcohol use, diabetes, depression, antihypertensive medications

For a woman posthysterectomy, taking estrogen_____sometimes alleviates the symptoms of menopause.

alone

Tightened sphincter tone may indicate

anxiety, scarring, or inflammation

Thrombosed hemorrhoids

are typically external hemorrhoids that have no blood flow due to a blood clot in the vein

Chlamydia is

asymptomatic (no symptoms)

If after lying down and the scrotal mass still remains, precede to auscultate the scrotal for ______sounds.

auscultate

Darken the room and shine a light from the _____ of the scrotum through the mass. Look for a _____glow.

back, red

acute orchitis

bacterial inflammation of one or both testicles

gray or tan stool results from the lack of_____pigment

bile

hema

blood

epedidymitis symptoms

blood in semen, penile discharge, painful urination, testicle pain on one side, fever

we refer the patient for an endoscopic examination of the colon if they have what ?

blood in their stool

Constipation may indicate

bowel obstruction, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or colon cancer

However, estrogen has been linked to some types of cancer examaples? _________ and it increases the glycogen content in vaginal secretions, predisposing clients to yeast infections.

breast, endometrial

Inspect for inguinal and femoral hernia. Inspect the inguinal and femoral areas for ________. Ask the client to turn head and cough or to bear down as if having a bowel movement, and continue to inspect the areas

bulges

Hemorrhoids or an anal fissure may also be seen in

bulges of red mucous membrane

inguinal hernia

bulging of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening

what does an increase of glycogen in the vaginal area do

can cause yeast infections

Painless nodules in the scotum may indicate __________.

cancer

tumor

cancer

Appears as hardened nodule or ulcer on the glans. Painless. Occurs primarily in uncircumcised men.

cancer of the glans penis

endometrial cancer

cancerous tumor forms in lining of uterus

Syphilis has a

chancre (painless ulcer)

Absence or scarcity of pubic hair may be seen in clients receiving ___________.

chemotherapy

Document any abnormalities by noting position in relation to a face of a _______.

clock

Pubic hair is ______ than scalp hair.

coarser

fever, chills, and malaise. Has frequent burning, painful dribbling urination with hesitancy that began last night. Has constant lower back pain (9 on scale of 10) that goes to bottom of buttocks and around the front of his hips since last night. Received some relief with Aleve. Also reports pain with defecation and painful ejaculation with intercourse.

just some common problems

Have you recently had a change in your pattern of sexual activity or sexual desire?

libido, needs to be further investigated

If during inspection and palpation of the scrotal contents, you palpated a scrotal mass, ask the client to ____ down

lie

Inspect the scrotal skin. Observe color, integrity, and lesions or rashes. To perform an accurate inspection, you must spread out the scrotal folds (rugae) of skin (Fig. 26-9). ______ the scrotal sac to inspect the posterior skin.

lift

how can a variocele cause infertility

lower sperm production and decrese sperm quality

Refer the client for further evaluation. A mass on or around the scrotum should be considered ______until testing proves otherwise.

malignant

prehn's sign

medical diagnostic indicator that was once believed to help determine whether the presenting testicular pain is caused by acute epididymitis or from testicular torsion.[2] Although elevation of the scrotum when differentiating epididymitis from testicular torsion is of clinical value, Prehn's sign has been shown to be inferior to Doppler ultrasound to rule out testicular torsion.

what are antihypertensive medications

medications that lower blood pressure by different means

Cessation of menstruation that is not related to hormonal therapy is termed

menopause

The absence of ____________ indicates a need to collect more information.

menstruation, excessive bleeding, or a marked change in menstrual pattern

more symptoms of menopause

mood swings, irritability, decreased appetite, vaginal dryness, spotting, and irregular vaginal bleeding may also occur

when you think "orchitis"

mumps

if the scrotum is normal, will in transilluminate?

no

does syphilitic chancre hurt?

no it is painless

what does a negative prehn's sign indicate?

no pain relief with lifting the affected testicle

Palpate each spermatic cord and vas deferens from the epididymis to the inguinal ring. The spermatic cord will lie between your thumb and finger (Fig. 26-12). What should the nurse note?

nodules, swelling, or tenderness

Age is ____ a modifiable risk factor for penile cancer.

not

The scrotal sac appears to droop more in______ men.

older

epi

on, upon, beside

Inflammation of the testes, associated frequently with mumps. Client complains of pain, heaviness, and fever. Scrotum appears enlarged and reddened. Swollen, tender testis is palpated. The examiner may have difficulty differentiating between testis and epididymis.

orchitis

Testes are ________ approximately 3.5 to 5 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, and 2.5 cm deep, and equal bilaterally in size and shape. They are smooth, firm, rubbery, mobile, free of nodules, and rather tender to pressure.

ovoid

Do not apply too much pressure to the testes because this will cause _____.

pain

If severe ______ prevents your entrance to the anus, do not force the examination.

pain

What are symptoms of prostitis

pain in groin, pelvic area, or pain in genitals, sometimes flu-like

If the client is not circumcised, ask him to retract his foreskin (if the client is unable to do so, the nurse may retract it) to allow observation of the glans. This may be _________.

painful

Lice or nit (eggs) infestation at the base of the penis or pubic hair is known as __________. This is commonly referred to as "crabs."

pediculosis pedis

nocturia

peeing at night

Pubertal rites in some cultures include (among many genital mutilations) slitting the penile shaft _________, leaving an opening that may extend the entire length of the shaft

penile subincision

Peyronie's disease

penis that has a fibrous plaque on corpus, restricts symmetrical erection, acts like a tether causing curvature

A painful mass that is hardened and reddened suggests a____________. A swollen skin tag on the anal margin may indicate a_________ in the anal canal. Redness and excoriation may be from scratching an area infected by ____________A small opening in the skin that surrounds the anal opening may be an _________

perianal abscess, fissure, fungi or pinworms, anorectal fistula

During the________period, hormone levels may fluctuate, resulting in menstrual irregularities. Periods may be heavier or may become scant.

perimenopausal

a rectal shelf may indicate a cancerous lesion or_______ . Tenderness may indicate peritoneal inflammation.

peritoneal metastasis

A tight foreskin that cannot be retracted is called

phimosis

the foreskin cannot be retracted over the penis tip.

phimosis

Herpes is associated with clusters of

pimple-like clear vesicles

nodules typically mean

polyps or cancer

Irregularities or amenorrhea may be due to

pregnancy, depression, ovarian tumors, ovarian cysts, autoimmune disease nutritional and hormonal imbalances, and medications.

Some women experience ______, in which the symptoms become severe enough to impair the woman's ability to function.

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

PSA blood test to detect

prostate cancer

BPH benign prostatic hypertrophy

prostate gland ennlargement

Difficulty urinating may indicate an infection or blockage, including

prostatic enlargement

Palpating the prostate gland prior to drawing a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) will likely raise the_______ level.

psa

Bulges of red mucous membrane may indicate a_______ prolapse

rectal

A peritoneal protrusion into the rectum, called a

rectal shelf

Blood detected in the stool may indicate cancer of the ________Refer the client for an endoscopic examination of the colon.

rectum or colon

occult blood

refers to blood in the feces that is not visibly apparent (unlike other types of blood in stool such as melena or hematochezia) "hidden blood"

Sacrococcygeal

refers to private parts area i think *ask instructer*

Inflammation of the penis and scrotum may be seen in ______syndrome, an idiopathic inflammatory disorder affecting the skin, joints, and mucous membranes.

reiter

The skin of the scrotal sac in older men has fewer ______

rugae

scrotal folds

rugae

in the anus, Tenderness may indicate_______. Nodules may indicate polyps or cancer. Hardness may indicate ____?

scarring or cancer.

what might discoloration of the foreskin of the penis indicate?

scarring or infection

If bowel sounds are auscultated over the scrotal mass, then we should assume that it is a ______?

scrotal hernia

When should you see a doctor? (epididymis inflammation)

scrotal pain and swelling

hydrocele

scrotal swelling caused by a collection of fluid


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