Health Chapter 1 -6

Projects are static, and typically few or no changes occur during the SDLC.

False

The OOSD model is a highly linear approach.

False

The knowledge used to develop and glean knowledge from valuable information is generative (having the ability to originate and produce or generate) in nature. True False

False

_______ is sometimes thought of as the highest form of common sense, resulting from accumulated knowledge or erudition (deep, thorough learning) or enlightenment (education that results in understanding and the dissemination of knowledge).

Wisdom

Define connectionism.

a component of cognitive science that uses computer modeling through artificial neural networks to explain human intellectual abilities.

Ethics is best described as:

a goal-oriented approach to answering questions that potentially have multiple acceptable answers.

Clinical decision support systems help users to: Question options: a) consider consequences of alternative actions .b) provide stores of information. c) make decisions in unfamiliar circumstances. d) All of these are correct.

All of these are correct.

Reliable information comes from: Question options: a) reliable or clean data. b) authoritative sources. c) credible sources. d) All of these are correct.

All of these are correct.

Define Artificial Intelligence.

Artificial Intelligence is the theory and development of artificial neural network computer programs designed to mimic or simulate the cognitive processes of the human brain. AI is the creation of computer systems and machines that are capble of tasks that are historically only completed by humans such as recognizing speech, making decisions, and identifying patterns.

Which one of the following is the component of cognitive science that uses computer modeling through artificial neural networks to try to explain human intellectual abilities?

Connectionism

What term refers to using layered architecture with a protected executive layer that allows additional environment subsystems to be added without affecting the executive layer?

Extensibility

Mike is leading a team charged with developing a workflow alteration for our front office staff's software. He knows that the project is pretty straightforward, and he is not expecting many changes. The ideal would be to have the front office staff engaged in the design process of the project. Mike has selected his team and they are in their second planning meeting when our CEO walks in to let him know that the 6-month timeline has been reduced to 3 months. Mike takes a deep breath and thinks it is doable, but it has chosen his model for him. He will now push to use the RAD model since he knows that it will work given the short timeline. Not too many changes should be made, and the customers must be highly involved in the process. What are the characteristics of the RAD model?

Fast Analysis of focus groups and workshops with real data, quick design of prototype, demonstration and testing, feedback and refining, build, and implementation. No room for error. meeting minimum requirements. Can be completed and deployed in 3 months

From which perspective does cognitive science study the mind, intelligence, and behavior? Question options:

Information processing

How would you best describe the throughput or processing components of computers?

Input devices and the computer monitor are examples of visible throughput components.

Which of the following statements is correct about the waterfall model?

It is a sequential development process

What term refers to a prime input device resembling a typewriter?

Keyboard

What term refers to the second most commonly used input device manipulated by the user's hand to point, click, and move objects around the computer screen?

Mouse

Mike is leading a team charged with developing a workflow alteration for our front office staff's software. He knows that the project is pretty straightforward, and he is not expecting many changes. The ideal would be to have the front office staff engaged in the design process of the project. Mike has selected his team and they are in their second planning meeting when our CEO walks in to let him know that the 6-month timeline has been reduced to 3 months. Mike takes a deep breath and thinks it is doable, but it has chosen his model for him. He will now push to use the RAD model since he knows that it will work given the short timeline. Not too many changes should be made, and the customers must be highly involved in the process. What are the potential pitfalls of the RAD model, and how should Mike plan to avoid them?

Pitfalls of using RAD model are not many changes can be made, depency on current office staff and design group that must assist in design and implementation of changes with little error and complete efficiency, and a decent customer base willing to actively participate in providing reliable data. To avoid failure with implementing the RAD model for the project he needs to create a focus group of his most dependent office staff with the most technical and customer relation skills and knowledge, create another focus group of cutomers that have the longest standing with the business and the most to gain from the workflow alteration, and from the data only implement the changes that will make the largest impact on workflow. A fast pace can be biggest disadvantage because there might not be time for testing.

What term refers to an external device that yields a hard copy of your documents?

Printer

Which of the following best describes the central goal of health informatics?

To manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in the delivery of healthcare

_______ allows users to apply their intellect to accomplish their tasks while the tools housing the information disappear from conscious thought.

Transparency

According to Jessup and Valacich (2008), computer-based information systems can be defined as combinations of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that people build and use to collect, create, and distribute useful data, typically in organizational settings. True False

True

Information science is the science of information, studying the application and usage of information and knowledge in organizations and the interfacings or interaction between people, organizations, and information systems. True False

True

Processed data is information when it has meaning. True False

True

Two ethics approaches that emphasize considerations for human needs and responsibility to meet needs are:

bioethics and casuistry.

Data are dirty when there are errors such as:

both duplicate entries and incomplete or outdated records.

Computer science can facilitate:

both the acquisition and manipulation of data and information.

Practice-based ethics as described by Husted and Husted (1995) focuses on:

bringing about human benefit.

The joint AHIMA-AMIA task force identified five domains for informatics competencies for all healthcare workers. They are health information literacy, health informatics skills using the EHR, privacy and confidentiality of health information, health information and data technical security, and:

computer literacy.

Essentially, a computer is: a) an input-output system. b) an electronic information-processing machine that serves as a tool to manipulate data and information. c) a machine that accepts data inputted via a variety of devices, processes data through lo¬gical and arithmetic rendering, stores the data in memory components, and outputs data and information to the user. d) All of these are correct.

d) All of these are correct.

Skills related to health information literacy include: a) differentiating between scholarly and popular journals. b) locating and retrieving information from credible sources. c) recognizing a need for information. d) All of these are correct. e) differentiating between scholarly and popular journals and locating and retrieving information from credible sources.

d) All of these are correct.

The scientific basis of practice in a discipline is dependent on: Question options: a) gathering and using information. b) applying knowledge to a problem. c) acting with wisdom. d) All of these are correct.

d) All of these are correct.

The study of informatics provides healthcare professionals with: a) a core skill set related to the use of computers. b) skills related to managing electronic health records and healthcare technologies. c) an understanding of how knowledge is generated in a discipline. d) All of these are correct.

d) All of these are correct.

Health informatics competencies related to using an EHR include all of the following except: a) identify and adhere to discipline-specific classification health-related terminologies for coding of procedures. b) use remote access tools for documentation in the EHR, such as workstation on wheels (WOW), tablets, smartphones, smart-room technology, and telehealth tools. c) use the EHR to exchange information with other providers, coordinate care, avoid duplication of services, promote safe practice, and increase patient satisfaction. d) follow security and privacy policies and procedures for the use of networks, including intranet and Internet.

d) follow security and privacy policies and procedures for the use of networks, including intranet and Internet.

Computer technology has ushered in what has been called the Information Age, an age when:

data, information, and knowledge are both accessible and able to be manipulated by more people than ever before in history.

Presenting a research project at a national conference is an example of:

disseminating knowledge.

When a healthcare professional uses information from other sources to help rethink, revise, and apply knowledge to a clinical situation, this is known as:

feedback.

Collecting health data in a data warehouse and mining that data for new relationships and new understanding is an example of:

generating knowledge.

The dynamic system development method (DSDM) is:

highly iterative.

Considering principles of cognitive informatics when designing technology interfaces helps to mitigate:

human mental workload.

The core skill set related to the use of computers, electronic health records, healthcare technologies, and knowledge generation in a discipline is known as:

informatics competency.

Using a clinical practice guideline as a basis for practice is an example of:

knowledge application.

Define Cognitive Science.

the interdisciplinary field of science that studies the mind, intelligence, and behavior from an infomation - processing perspective. Can include such areas as psychology, neuroscience, computer science, philosophy, and lingusitcs as well as many other disciplines.

Object-oriented systems development (OOSD) uses object-oriented modeling to represent real:

world objects.

Which of the following activities are used to build a foundation of knowledge in professional practice? Question options: a) Reading research and theory articles b) Attending continuing education programs c) Consulting with expert colleagues and using clinical practice guidelines d) All of these are correct.

d) All of these are correct.

Which of the following statements are correct about the input components of computers? Question options: a) They include the keyboard, mouse, joysticks (usually used for playing computer games), game controllers or pads, web cameras (webcams), styluses (often used with tablets or personal digital assistants), image scanners for copying a digital image of a document or picture, or other plug-and-play input devices, such as a digital camera, digital video recorder (camcorder), MP3 player, electronic musical instrument, or physiologic monitors. b) Input devices are the origin or medium used to input text, visual, audio, or multimedia data into the computer system for viewing, listening, manipulating, creating, or editing. c) The two primary input devices on a computer are the keyboard and mouse. d) All of these are correct.

d) All of these are correct.