Health Chapter 1
Health Belief Model (HBM)
explain and predict health behaviors by focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals.
Enabling factors include?
skills, resources, accessible facilities, and physical and mental capacities.
Community health
the health status of a defined group of people and the actions and conditions to promote, protect, and preserve their health. ***complex interrelationships between one person's health and the health of the community and environment.***
external locus of control
the perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate.; belief that outside forces play a great role.
internal locus of control
the perception that you control your own fate; your actions will make a difference in your health.
behavorial model
rewarding yourself when you make positive changes.
1 in 5 people used what in the last month?
Marijuana
What percent of the 4.7k people surveyed have a normal body fat %?
10%
Only ____ percent of students say they get enough sleep to feel rested in the morning 6 or more days a week; ________% never feel rested
11%; 12%
T/F: WHAT percent of college-age women already have osteoporosis, a bone-weakening disease; another WHAT percent have osteopenia, a low bone density that puts them at risk of osteoporosis.
2%; 15%
What percent of the 4.7k people surveyed eat a healthy diet?
38%
______ % of undergraduates have a body mass index (BMI) indicating they are overweight or obese
40
What percent of the 4.7k people surveyed get sufficient amounts of exercise?
46%
Fewer than half (? percent) of undergraduates get the recommended amounts of physical activity.
46.2%
Between 40 and 80 percent of those who try to kick bad health habits lapse back into their unhealthy ways within how many weeks?
6 weeks
What percent of the 4.7k people surveyed don't smoke?
71%
Although the majority of undergraduates are "traditional" age (between 18 and 24 years), more of you than ever before are over age 25. How many are over the age of 25?
8 million
Reported cases of Infectious disease affect what % of racial and ethnic minorities?
80%
According to a survey of more than 4.7k people....how many get a failing grade of a healthy life style??
97.3%
What is Wellness?
A deliberate lifestyle choice characterized by personal responsibility and optimal enhancement of physical, mental, and spiritual health.can be defined as purposeful, enjoyable living or, more specifically, a deliberate lifestyle choice characterized by personal responsibility and optimal enhancement of physical, mental, and spiritual health.
what is Health?
A state of complete well-being, including physical, psychological, spiritual, social, intellectual, and environmental dimensions. ***means being sound in body, mind, and spirit.***
How many undergraduates have been tested for HIV in the past year?
About one in three
Which race of adults are mortality rates due to disease higher for? Afri. Amers? or whites?
African American Adults
health promotion
Any planned combination of educational, political, regulatory, and organizational supports for actions and conditions of living conducive to the health of individuals, groups, or communities. **EX:Examples on campus include establishing smoke-free policies for all college buildings**
Enlightenment Model
Blamed for cause, but not responsible for solution. ex. alcoholics anonymous.
Health involves?
Discovering, using, and protecting all the resources within your body, mind, spirit, family, community, and environment.
Occupational and Financial Health information
Freshmen who work more than 10 hours a week are more likely to smoke and drink than those who aren't employed. However, they may be gaining valuable experience in managing their time, setting priorities, and finding a healthy balance in their lives.
What are the leading cause of death of all racial and ethnic groups in the U.S?
Heart disease and stroke
The mission of HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020?
Identify nationwide health improvement priorities. Increase public awareness and understanding of the determinants of health, disease, and disability and the opportunities for progress. Provide measurable objectives and goals.
13 percent of students had never smoked cigarettes. Students guessed that only 4 percent of their peers never drank alcohol. In reality. What is the reality of theses guesses?
In fact, 70 percent never had smoked. ; 21 percent never did drink.
Spiritual Health
Individuals with this identify their own basic purpose in life; learn how to experience love, joy, peace, and fulfillment; and help themselves and others achieve their full potential. *As they devote themselves to others' needs more than their own, their spiritual development produces a sense of greater meaning in their lives.*
By learning more about the dimensions of health, you gain?
Insight into the complex interplay of factors that determine your level of wellness.
What is the avg. HALE (health life expectancy) for americans?
It's shorter than their actual life expectancy: ~68yrs
Compared to those at four-year colleges, students at community colleges and technical schools are HOW MUCH likely to binge-drink but HOW MUCH likely to speed, consume more sodas, and report lower family satisfaction.
LESS; MORE
psychological health
Like physical well-being, psychological health, encompasses our emotional and mental states—that is, our feelings and our thoughts. It involves awareness and acceptance of a wide range of feelings in oneself and others, as well as the ability to express emotions, to function independently, and to cope with the challenges of daily stressors.
What age has life expectancy for men and women declined to?
M:76.1; W:81.1
Three-fourths of the deaths in the 15- to 24-year-old age range are WHAT GENDER?
MEN
T/F: College-age men are ______ Likely than women to engage in risky behaviors—to use drugs and alcohol, to have unprotected sex, and to drive dangerously. Men are also ________ likely to be hospitalized for injuries and to commit suicide.
MORE; MORE
What are some modeled developed that reveal the anatomy of change? (models of helping)
Moral model, enlightenment model, behavioral model, and medical model.
compensatory model
Most effective approach; not blamed for problem, but responsible for solution
self-efficacy
One's belief in his or her own ability to change and reach a goal.
The best weapon against cancer and heart disease?
PREVENTION
What are the 3 factors that shape positive behavior?
Predisposing, Enabling, and Reinforcing Factors
Social health
Refers to the ability to interact effectively with other people and the social environment, to develop satisfying interpersonal relationships, and to fulfill social roles. It involves participating in and contributing to your community, living in harmony with fellow human beings, developing positive interdependent relationships, and practicing healthy sexual behaviors.
Environmental Health
Refers to the impact your world has on your well-being. It involves protecting yourself from dangers in the air, water, and soil, as well as in products you use—and working to preserve the environment itself.
T/F: 1 in 3 Hisp. have prediabetes; only 1/2 have it under control.
T
T/F: About 5 percent smoked a cigarette at least once in the past month. A growing number are trying e-cigarettes, which they perceive as less risky and addictive than conventional cigarettes, but which increase the likelihood of cigarette smoking
T
T/F: American Indians and Alaska Natives, African Americans, and Hispanics are twice as likely to be diagnosed with diabetes as are non-Hispanic whites.
T
T/F: American that are not members of the white community (but rather members of diff. races/ethnicity) are more likely than whites to suffer disease and disability.
T
T/F: Black Americans lose substantially more yrs of life to homicide (9x), stroke (3x), and diabetes (3x) as whites.
T
T/F: Mex-Amer. are more likely to eat a healthier diet than whites + blacks.
T
T/F: Of those engaging in vaginal intercourse, about half of college men report having used a condom most of the time or always
T
T/F: People in their 20s who have even mildly elevated blood pressure face an increased risk of clogged heart arteries by middle age.
T
T/F: The probably of a young Amer. reaching his 50th bday is lower than in almost every other high-income nation.
T
T/F: The suicide rate among Amer. Ind. + Alaskan Natives is 50% higher than the national rate.
T
T/F: Women are more likely than men to not smoke and eat a healthy diet, but less likely to have adequate physical activity levels.
T
T/F:Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders have much higher rates of hepatitis B than other racial groups.
T
This book integrates these aspects into a *holistic* approach. What does this mean?
That it looks at health and the individual as a whole rather than part by part.
Physical Health
The state of being hale, sound, or whole, in body, mind, or soul, especially the state of being free from physical disease or pain. It is an optimal state of well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity; It's not static, so it changes with things that we do to our body.
What are Reinforcing factors?
They may be praise from family members and friends, rewards from teachers or parents, or encouragement and recognition for meeting a goal. Although these help a great deal in the short run, lasting change depends not on external rewards but on an internal commitment and sense of achievement. To make a difference, reinforcement must come from within.
Major factors contributing to decline in life expectancy (among younger Amer.'s)?
Unintentional injury; fatal overdoses and suicide.
In a study it was found that, women were more likely to examine their breasts than men were to perform testicular exams. However, students of both sexes were more likely to do self-exams if they felt susceptible to developing cancer, if they felt comfortable and confident doing so, and if they were given a cue to action (such as a recommendation by a health professional). *IS THIS TRUE?*
YES
2/5 students engage in binge drinking—consumption of 5+ drinks at a single-session FOR men or 4 FOR women. True?
Yes
Do Minorities have less access to mental health services and are less likely to receive needed high-quality mental health services?
Yes
Do Native Hawaiian women have the highest breast cancer rate?
Yes
Intellectual health
Your ability to think and learn from life experience, your openness to new ideas, and your capacity to question and evaluate information.
Although African Americans and Hispanics represent only about one-quarter of the U.S. population, they account for __________ of adult AIDS cases and more than _______ % of pediatric AIDS cases.
about two-thirds; 80
medical model
behavior as caused by forces beyond your control; EXPERTS TREAT PROBLEM
Transtheoretical Model
focuses on universal aspects of an individual's decision-making process rather than on social or biological influences on behavior. (This model is Recent studies have demonstrated that it is more effective in encouraging weight loss than physical activity.)
Predisposing factors include?
knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, and perceptions.
3 keys of health?
physical activity. nutrition, and weight.
Health has many dimensions:
physical, psychological, spiritual, social, intellectual, environmental, occupational, and financial.
Moral model
responsible for problem and solution
Locus of control
the sense of being in control of your life.
Black teenagers and young adults become infected with hepatitis B ____ (how many times) more often than those who are white.
three to four times
About half of students report drinking alcohol at least once in the previous month; WHAT PERCENT report having consumed five or more drinks in a single sitting at least once within the past 2 weeks
twenty percent
In a recent sample of college students, 9.5 percent reported misuse of prescription opioid drugs at some time in their lives, primarily to relieve physical or emotional pain, "feel good/get high," or experiment.*Is this true???*
yes
