Health Chapter 14 Review

Hernia

Results when an organ protrudes through an area of weak muscle.

A neuron consists of three main parts:

Cell body, Dendrites, and Axons.

Epilepsy is a disorder of the nervous system

Characterized by recurrent seizures--sudden episodes of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain.

What are the five typical joint injuries?

Dislocation, Torn cartilage, Bursitis, Bunions, and Arthritis.

What results when the ligaments that attach a bone at a joint are torn as the bone slips out of place?

Dislocation.

What are the five tips to help you care for your muscular system and maintain muscle tone?

Get regular exercise. Eat high protein foods to build muscle. Practice good posture to strengthen back muscles. Use proper equipment and wear appropriate clothing to protect muscles during any physical activity. Warm up properly and stretch before exercising, and cool down after exercising to prevent injury.

The autonomic nervous system controls

Involuntary functions such as digestion.

Which is not a function of connective tissue?

Prevent degenerative disorders.

Which is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Prevents movement of limbs and digits.

Muscles attached to the bone that cause body movements are?

Skeletal Muscles.

What type of muscles are in the lining of blood vessels?

Smooth muscles.

What are the six functions of the skeletal system?

1. Providing support for the body. 2. Protecting internal tissues and organs from damage. 3. Acting as a framework for attached muscles. 4. Allowing movement of limbs and digits. 5. Producing new red and white blood cells. 6. Storing fat and minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus.

Ligament

A band of fibrous, slightly elastic connective tissue that attaches one bone to another.

Osteoporosis

A condition in which there is a progressive loss of bone tissue.

Tendon

A fibrous cord that attaches muscle to the bone.

Cerebral Palsy

A group of neurological disorders that are the result of damage to the brain before, during, or just after birth.

Which type of joint is a knee?

A hinge joint.

Scoliosis

A lateral or side-to-side curvature of the spine.

Flexor

A muscle that closes a joint.

Extensor

A muscle that opens a joint.

Neuron

A nerve cell.

Cartilage

A strong, flexible connective tissue.

Brain Stem

A three-inch-long stalk of nerve cells and fibers that connects the spinal cord to the rest of the brain.

Meningitis is

An inflammation of brain and spinal cord membranes, typically caused by an infection.

What are the four types of joints?

Ball-and-socket joints, hinge joints, pivot joints, and ellipsoidal joints.

The frontal lobe of the cerebrum

Controls voluntary movements and has a role in the use of language.

The brain is protected?

By cranial meninges and the bones of the skull.

The cerebellum

Coordinates the movement of the skeletal muscles.

To help care for your nervous system,

Eat a proper diet; get regular exercise and enough sleep; avoid tobacco, alcohol, and drug use; and protect yourself against injury.

Which is NOT a tip for caring for the muscular system?

Eat foods that are low in protein.

Which disorder of the nervous system is characterized by recurrent seizures?

Epilepsy.

When two muscles work together to produce movement, the muscle that opens a joint is called the?

Extensor.

The muscle that closes a joint is the?

Flexor.

What are the three types of fractures, classified by the pattern of the break?

Hairline, Transverse, and Comminuted fractures.

A _________ occurs when an organ or tissue protrudes through an area of weak muscle.

Hernia.

Which problem of the muscular system results when muscles are stretched or partially torn from overexertion.

Muscle sprain.

What are the four categories of bones?

Long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones.

The spinal cord is a

Long column of nerve tissue.

Which type of neuron carries messages from the CNS back to muscles or glands in response to a sensory impulse?

Motor neurons.

A muscle is made up of long cells called.

Muscle Fibers.

Incoming sensory impulses and outgoing motor impulses

Pass through the brain stem.

___________________________ is the inflammation of a tendon.

Tendonitis.

The two main divisions of the nervous system are?

The Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System. (PNS)

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) can be divided into two sections,

The autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system.

The central nervous system consists of

The brain and spinal cord.

The central nervous system (CNS) consists of?

The brain and the spinal cord.

In a compound fracture,

The broken end of the bone cuts through the skin.

The brain has three main divisions:

The cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem.

Tendonitis

The inflammation of a tendon, can be caused by injury, overuse, or aging.

Cerebrum

The largest and most complex part of the brain.

Muscle tone is?

The natural tension in the fibers of muscles.

Cerebellum

The part of the brain that coordinates the movement of skeletal muscles.

Ossification

The process by which bone is formed, renewed, and repaired.