Health Exam 1

Misplacing your cell phone, spilling coffee all over yourself as you are trying to get out the door, and then missing eh bus are examples of, what?

Hassles

An example of intellectual health is, what?

Having a healthy curiosity about life in general

Which model explains why a young woman who smokes is NOT likely to quit because she does not think she will get lung disease, and quitting will result in weigh gain?

Health Belief Model

Moving from thinking about starting an exercise program to joining a club, working with a trainer to set goals, and showing up for workouts is an example of which model of behavior change?

Health belief model

A multidimensional concept of health that includes elements of physical, mental, emotional, and social function is, what?

Health-related quality of life.

What is the leading cause of death in the United States across all age groups?

Heart Injuries

The physiological state in which the body's systems are functioning normally is known as, what?

Homeostasis

Individuals with narcolepsy have a deficiency of this chemical in their brains

Hypocretin

You just realized that you have a 10-page paper due tomorrow and you have not even started it yet. Which part of the brain determines the overall reaction to this type of stress?

Hypothalamus

What role does natural light exposure during the day play in improving sleep?

IT helps to regulate circadian rhythm.

The most common sleep disorder in adults is

Insomnia

Low self-esteem and low self-efficicacy are which type of stressors?

Internal

Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is true?

It is a biological disease of the brain.

What is the function of cortisol during the stress response?

It mobilizes nutrients to be available for energy

In the last three years, Nathan has experienced a failed marriage, the loss of a job, and bankruptcy. When he develops a serious health problem, he seems to have completely given up and is making little effort to follow his doctor's instructions to get well. Nathan has developed a pattern known as, what?

Learned helplessness

Which principle described by psychologist Martin Seligman fosters an overall positive attitude by using thinking and behavior techniques to resist negativity?

Learned optimism

Which of the following best describes an enabling factor?

Living near a hiking trail when you want to begin a walking program

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effects of long-ten stress?

Long-term stress can lead to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and weight gain

According to studies in psychoneuroimmunology, how does long-term dress affect immunity?

Long-term stress impairs the body's ability to fight infection

Which of the following is the most common mood disorder?

Major depression

Lower health insurance rates for nonsmokers serves as which type of reinforcer?

Manipulative

Life expectancy 100 years ago was largely determined by

Medical history

Anna has been diagnosed with insomnia. which of the following treatments would likely be prescribed for her?

Medication and/ or cognitive behavioral therapy

Which hormone released by the pineal gland causes drowsiness?

Melatonin

Observing a friend's success at quitting smoking has helped you to quit a few months later, which demonstrates the process of what?

Modeling

Among college students, stress related to academic performances is often associated with

More frequent upper respiratory tract infections

Which of the following describes the rate of deaths within a certain population?

Mortality

Sean becomes sleepy in the afternoon most days and is considering making time to take a nap each day. Which of the following would be his best strategy?

Nap for no more than 30 minutes any time of day that is convenient.

Which of the following personality disorders involves extreme self-absorption and an exaggerated sense of one's importance?

Narcissistic personality disorder

Jules is trying to lose weight. When she craves a high-fat treat from the local ice cream shop, she is prepared to allow herself a cup of low-fat frozen yogurt in her favorite flavor. The tactic she is using to avoid eating more calories is, what?

Negotiating

Anthony served time in prison for selling drugs to finance his college education. Five years after his release, he has a stable jobbed a family. He begins to worry constantly that his children will find out about his secret past and lose respect fro him. Anthony takes as many as 10 showers a day even though he realizes that this senseless behavior will now wash way his past. He is most likely suffering from, what?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Which of the following is the most common form of sleep apnea?

Obstructive

Which of the following personality disorders involves a deep mistrust of others and secretiveness?

Paranoid personality disorder

Sasha hears her cat jump on her while she's sleeping and realizes it's not an intruder. She slowly calms down. What is responsible for the showing of her body functions by stress response?

Parasympathetic nervous system

Which of the following is most characteristic of anxiety disorders?

Persistent feelings of threat and worry

Determinants of health include, what?

Personal, Social, Economic, and Environmental factors

Extroversion, introversion, and level of emotional stability are, what?

Personality traits

Which of the following is an anxiety disorder that involves an irrational fear of a specific object activity, or situation?

Phobia

The body's circadian rhythm is regulated by the

Pineal body

Which of the following describes spiritual health?

Possessing and expressing a purpose in life

Which type of anxiety disorder occurs after a violent or extremely negative event and can cause acute anxiety or nervousness, nightmares, flashbacks, insomnia, and a state of dissociation?

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Paulo's therapist gave him a prescription for an antidepressant. Which type of mental health professional does he see?

Psychiatrist

People who feel good about themselves, deal effectively with life's challenges, and have positive social relationships are known as, what?

Psychologically healthy

Seasonal affective disorder is associated with, what?

Reduced exposure to sunlight

Carrie grew up in an active family. Now that Carrie lives on her own, her family continues to check in to see if she is making time for exercise. They praise her for joining a fitness club and keeping to a workout schedule. This is an example of, what?

Reinforcing factor

Successfully adapting to change, dealing with stress and bouncing back from life's inevitable disappointments demonstrates

Resiliency

An effective way to avoid overcommitment is to

Say "No" in a kind but firm manner

Max wants to get in better physical shape and lose 10 pounds. His belief about whether he can successfully begin and maintain a fitness program is directly related to his level of, what?

Self-Efficacy

Adele values her unique qualities and abilities and has a realistic sense of her worth as a person; she would be described as having a high level of

Self-esteem

Due to her work hours, Jessica only sleeps about 5 hours per night on weekends. Which of the following is the best strategy to resolve her sleep debt?

She can try to sleep 8 to 9 hours on weeknights

Carlos wants to avoid overeating and eating unhealthy food. Because of this, he may decline invitations when his friends ask him to join them at a fast food restaurant. Which method is Carlos using to control the risk of overeating?

Situational inducement

Which of the following individual choices has a major effect on both current health and projected life expectancy?

Smoking

Obstructive sleep apnea can result in

Snoring and gasping for breath

Jasmine has many friends, is respected by her coworkers, and maintains a great relationship with her boyfriend. Her ability to interact with others exemplifies which dimension of health?

Social

Maria's husband has agreed to join her in a exercise program. They're scheduled times to meet to run at a local park. This is an example of, what?

Social support

Which stage of non-REM sleep is the deepest, during which the body repairs itself?

Stage 3

Which of the following best describes a Type C personalty?

Stoic

Susan was anxious about making a presentation at work. In at effort to overcome her anxiety, she practiced her presentation in front of several friends. This is an example of, what?

Stress inoculation

Which of the following were cited by college students in a national survey as major impediments to performing well academically?

Stress, anxiety, and sleep deficiencies.

Which statement is true about depression in men?

Suicide rates among depressed men are foursomes those of depressed women.

According to Maslow's hierarchy, human needs are ranked in the following ascending order:

Survival, Security, Social, Esteem, Self-Actualization

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for triggering the release of stress hormones?

Sympathetic nervous system

Which of the following is true about a major depressive disorder?

Symptoms include physical exhaustion and an inability to concentrate

Which of the following is an example of the behavior of a person who is in the manic phase of bipolar disorder?

Talkative and highly energetic

Which of the following is an example of a belief?

Thinking that smoking is unhealthy and causes cancer

The medical model of health would most likely focus on which of the following?

Treating bacterial infections with antibiotics.

Being quick to anger, distrusting others, and having a cynical attitude are taxi characteristics of which personality type?

Type A

Healthy life expectancy refers to the numbers of years a person can expect to live

Without chronic pain, disability, or significant illness

Because both of John's parents smoke, John has a higher-than-average chance of being a smoker. This is an example of...

a Predisposing Factor.

Environmental stressors of which people are ofter unaware are

background distressors

To prepare for an exam, Juan plans to stay up and study all night. According to research, this strategy will likely result in

decreased cognitive skills

Debilitating tension and strain are associated with negative stress, known as

distress

Steps you cantata to reduce stress include

exercising regularly and learning to laugh at life's ups and downs

The reaction that occurs in our bodies when we perceive danger is the

fight-or-flight response

High blood pressure is more common among people who

get fewer than 7 hours of sleep per night

Untreated sleep apnea increases a person's risk for

high blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke

Sleep deprivation affects drivers by

impairing motor skills and increasing response time

A neurological caused by the brain's inability to properly regulate sleep, which results in excessive sleepiness, is

narcolepsy

Feeling extremely burdened by the demands made on us is a state known as

overload

You just realize that you must take to extra courses this quarter and get straight A's if you want to go to law school. This situation is an example of, what?

pressure

Effective time management practices involve

prioritizing your tasks and doing one thing at a time

regular exercise helps in a stress management by

raising endorphin levels and improving mood

Studies suggest that happiness may

reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease

The function of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is to

return the body to a state of homeostasis

A school examination is an example of a(an)

stressor

Stress created by overuse of technology and the constant state of connection is known as

technostress

During REM sleep

the brain is active and dreams occur

Creating pleasant mental images that promote relaxation is a technique known as

visualization

insomnia is most often experienced by

women

What percentage of the world's population experiences sleep deprivation to the point of it affecting their quality of life?

45%

Who hot the following best describes emotional health?

Ability to express or control feelings

Tasks that are necessary for normal functioning in society are known as, what?

Activities of daily living.

Which of the following personality traits involves the ability to be likable and to cooperate with

Agreeableness

Psychological responses such as increased heart rate and blood pressure occur in response to stress during which stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Alarm

Biology, the environment, and social and cultural roles have been cited as factors that cause, what?

Anxiety disorders

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, an individual's

Basic survival needs must be met before he or she can address more complex needs.

The first step in modifying your health behavior to achieve overall wellness is to, what?

Become aware of individual behaviors that contribute to or detract from your health.

Which of the following methods is an example of successful lifestyle change?

Beginning a daily walking program and gradually increasing your time and distance.

Lizbeth seems to be on an emotional roller coaster. Her moods swing from one extreme to another, from euphoric high to major depression. Lisa is most likely suffering from, what?

Bipolar Disorder

Which of the following personality disorders involves mood swings, impulsiveness, and frequently engaging in risky behaviors?

Borderline personality disorder

Which of the following decreases melatonin?

Caffeine

An ongoing state of physiological arousal in response t outgoing or numerous perceived threats is

Chronic disease

Heart disease, cancer, and diabetes are examples of, what?

Chronic disease

After working on a project all week and only sleeping about four hours each night, Courtney is

Compromising her immunity

An example of a tangible stressor is

Conformation with an angry coworker

When Ryan gets adequate sleep the night before his basketball games, he has energy to run faster up and down the court. This can be attributed to

Conservation of body energy while he sleeps.

Tiffany has been under a great deal of stress during the past year and has experienced unexplained weight gain. Which of the following hormones may be linked to her weight gain?

Cortisol

Erin is concerned because she has been feeling discouraged by her circumstances and is experiencing feelings of guilt, worthlessness, sadness, and despair. Based on her symptoms, which of the following conditions would be a likely diagnosis?

Depression

The range of factors that influence a person's health status are known as

Determinants of health

Intensified feelings of complex patterns of feelings that we experience are known as, what?

Emotions

Will often has difficulty falling asleep but has never been diagnosed with a sleep disorder. Which strategies have been shown to be effective for getting better sleep?

Exercising regularly and medicating

Heather is always tired, tense, and irritable. She has difficulty concentrating on routine tasks and trouble sleeping. She's had these symptoms for the last six months. Her behavior is most characteristics of, what?

Generalized anxiety disorder

Which of the following factors would be considered a non modifiable determinant of health?

Genetics