Health Exam 2
What is the only 100% effective way to prevent pregnancy or STI?
Abstinence
Which of the following STI's can be spread from mother to child at birth or during pregnancy
All of these are correct
Which of the following has led to more research about menopause over the past 100 yrs
All of these are correct
What is syphilis?
Bacterial infection transmitted sexually occurs during vaginal, anal, or oral sex through direct contact with syphilis sore. Can be contracted or congential.
How do barrier methods work?
Barriers work by preventing the sperm from reaching the egg.
Which gland secretes a liquid that lubricates the vaginal tissue
Bartholins Gland
How is HIV transmitted?
Bodily fluids -Blood -Semen -Vaginal fluid -Breast milk
At what age can signs of gender dysphoria start showing?
Children as young as age 3 can show signs of gender dysphoria, and many transgender people report feeling discomfort with their gender in their earliest memories
The leading cause of preventable infertility is
Chlamydia
What is the leading cause of preventable infertility?
Chlamydia
Which of the following STI's can cause pelvic inflammatory disease
Chlamydia
What are the pain relief options during labor?
Comfort measures: Mental strategies: Medications:
Which STIs have vaccines?
Currently, vaccines are available to protect against infection with HPV, hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Other vaccines are under development, including those for HIV and herpes simplex virus (HSV).
Which types of birth control prevent sperm from fertilizing an ovum
Diaphragm and spermicide
How much does the cervical canal stretch during childbirth?
During childbirth, the cervical canal is 50 or more times its normal width.
Which of the following is not a non drug option for pain relief during labor
Epidurals
What does failure rate mean in terms of contraceptives
Failure rates are determined by following large groups of couples who use specific methods of birth control for a specified time and then counting the number of pregnancies that occur with couples using a given method. The larger the number of study participants, the more reliable the study results. A failure rate of 2% means there were 2 pregnancies per 100 women per year studied.
On average a woman can expect to live 10 to 15 years after menopause T OR F
False
What are the STI's vaccines called
Gardasil and Cervarix, provide protection against the most common strains of HPV.
An individual subjective sense of being male or female is his or her
Gender Identity
How can you test for STIs?
Go to your doctor and Depending on your sexual history, your doctor may order a variety of tests to check you for STIs, including blood tests, urine tests, swabs, or physical exams.
Which of the following STI has anti-biotic resistant bacterial strains
Gonnorhea
Which STI has become more resistant to antibiotics?
Gonorrhea is now often resistant to certain antibiotics, and further treatment may be necessary to eliminate the disease.
Vaccines are currently available for which STI's
HPV and Hepatitis B
Which of the following is a sexually transmitted virus that can lead to cervical cancer
HPV human papilloma virus
What are the stages of labor?
I is from the onset of labor to full dilation of the cervix 2 of labor begins when the cervix is completely dilated and ends with the birth of the baby 3 lasts from the completion of delivery of the baby to completion of delivery of the afterbirth, or placenta. In this final stage of labor, the uterus contracts firmly after the delivery of the baby. The placenta separates from the uterine wall and is expelled. If an episiotomy has been performed, it is sutured at this time.
What is the difference between an induced abortion and a spontaneous abortion?
Induced abortion involves a decision to terminate a pregnancy through medical procedures. Spontaneous abortion can occur without human interference. Natural complications of fetal development, perhaps due to genetic, medical, or hormonal problems, can result in the spontaneous termination of the pregnancy. This manner of termination of pregnancy is called a miscarriage
When the genitalia is not standard male or female its called
Intersex
What is gender dysphoria?
Is a psychological term used to describe a strong and persistent cross-gender identification. This term replaces the use of gender identity disorder when referring to transgender and focuses on the fact that distress is not inherent in a transgender person.
What is comprehensive sex education and what is good about it?
Is a sex education instruction method based on-curriculum that aims to give students the knowledge, attitudes, skills and values to make appropriate and healthy choices in their sexual
What is considered family planning?
Is a term generally used to include the timing and spacing of children
What is the fertility awareness method?
Is based on keeping sperm out of the vagina during the days near ovulation
What has contributed to increases in discussion and research about menopause over the past 100 years?
Large pharmaceutical companies have used their influence to shape public policy and national education campaigns. Commercial emphasis on positive attributes of therapies has misled women and clinicians, while risks were minimized or ignored.28 At the same time, many of the supposed negative effects of current hormonal products for menopause have been exaggerated, misunderstood, or falsely inferred.
What was Roe v. Wade what did it do
Legalized abortion in the United States on January 22, 1973. This decision declared unconstitutional all state laws that prohibited or restricted abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy. The decision stated that the "right of privacy ... founded on the Fourteenth Amendment's concept of personal liberty ... is broad enough to encompass a woman's decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy."
Mental Strategies During Labor
Many women employ a variety of techniques, including special breathing, meditation, prayer, music, focal points, and singing to reduce anxiety and create a sense of calm during labor.
In which state was same-sex marriage first legalized in the U.S.?
Massachusetts
What are the early sign and symptoms of pregnancy?
Missed period(s) Breast swelling and tenderness Fatigue Queasiness or nausea, vomiting Slightly elevated body temperature Mood swings Need to urinate frequently
At what age does menopause usually complete?
Most women enter and complete menopause between the ages of 45 and 55, with the average age of natural menopause being 51.
According to your text, about what percentage of pregnancies in the U.S. are unintended?
Nearly one-half of all pregnancies in the United States
Which of the following will reliably detect a recent STI infection
None of these are correct you need an STI test
How can perenatal HIV transmission occur?
Occurs during pregnancy, labor, and delivery, or via breastfeeding.
What can chlamydia cause?
PID, infertility, premature labor, miscarriages,
What is associated with earlier onset of natural menopause?
Primary ovarian insufficiency is another condition that results in early menopause. Approximately 1% of women experience menopause before the age of 40. This condition may result from failure of the ovaries to produce normal levels of reproductive hormones
What is intersex?
Refers to a person who is born with sex chromosomes, external genitalia, or internal reproductive organs that are not considered "standard" as male or female. This condition can be manifested as a girl without ovaries, a boy without testes, or a child with genitalia that may appear as neither a vagina nor a penis
What is gender identity?
Refers to an individual's personal, subjective sense of being male or female. Biological sex, along with many other variables, clearly influences gender identity; however, a person's gender identity is not necessarily consistent with his or her biological sex.
Which of the following statement is true
STI's are a major cause of vulnerablity of women
What are the benefits of family planning?
Services clearly save money by preventing costs associated with unplanned pregnancies.
What are the possible side effects of taking birth control pills?
Shorter, lighter, and more regular menstrual periods. Reduction or elimination of menstrual cramps. Mood changes. Reduction or elimination of premenstrual symptoms .Decreased libido.
Which contraceptives are considered barrier methods?
Spermicide, Condom, Sponge, Diaphragm, and Cervical Cap
What are some strategies to reduce the health risks associated with hormone replacement?
Start hormone therapy early. HT does not appear to significantly increase the risk of heart disease in women younger than age 60. Some studies suggest that estrogen may protect against heart disease when taken early in the menopausal years. Minimize the amount of medication. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest amount of time needed to alleviate symptoms. Try a form of hormone therapy that provides limited rather than systemic effects, such as patches, gels, creams, or suppositories.
Which STIs can be spread from mother to child at birth or during pregnancy?
Syphilis, Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, hepatitis B, and genital herpes,
Which of the following is curable STI that if untreated can cause serious injury or death
Syphillis
Which contraception requires a visit to a healthcare provider?
The Ring, The Pill, Cervical Cap, The Patch, IUD, Diaphragm, Implant, The Shot, Sterilization
Which of the following statements is true about the US?
The US population over 65 has dramatically increased over the past hundred years
Which of the following is not considering to be a fertility awareness method
The Withdrawl method
Do the head of the penis and external part of the clitoris have the same number of nerve endings?
The external part of the clitoris, although tiny, has about the same number of nerve endings as the head of the penis.
How big is a typical fetus at the end of the fourth month?
The fetal length is 5 to 6 inches, and the weight is 2 to 5 ounces
What is perimenopause?
The transitional stage immediately before menopause, physical changes begin to accelerate and women are most likely to experience perceptible physical changes as production of estrogen and other hormones diminishes. These symptoms usually last about 1 year after a woman's last menstrual period
Comfort Measures During labor
These are things that a woman can do for herself, that her companion can do for her, or that can be done to the laboring environment to increase her personal comfort level.
What procedure removes only the cervix and uterus
Total Hysterectomy
Family planning allows women to advance in society and have healthier infants, Woman and Children T OR F
True
T or F stress can result in the failure to menstruate
True
Which of the following statements concerning hiv is true
Unbroken human skin is an effective barrier against HIV
What do women who breastfeed need to do in terms of their diet?
Vegetables, Fruits, Dairy, Grains, Proteins
What are the sexual stereotypes of women discussed in your text?
Women are undersexed, and men are oversexed. Women are inexperienced, and men are experts. Women are recipients, and men are initiators. Women are controllers, and men are movers. Women are nurturing and supportive, and men are strong and unemotional. Women are sensitive, and men are insensitive. Women are dependent, and men are independent. Women are passive, and men are aggressive.
Can STIs cause infertility in women?
Yes it can cause of infertility among women.
Can stress make you not get your period?
Yes, In fact, for some women, stress may play a role in causing irregular or missed periods. As stress levels rise, there's a chance that your menstrual period will temporarily stop, a condition known as secondary amenorrhea.
Which of the following statements is true about menopause
a women has completed menopause when her period ceases
What does the term medical abortion describe
abortion before with a pill
Prenatal HIV transmission can occur
all of these are correct
The contraindications for a bitrth control pill include which of the following
being a smoker over the age of 35
"High-risk" HPV can cause
can cause cervical dysplasia, a form of abnormal cell growth that can lead to cervical cancer. Almost every single case of cervical cancer is linked to high-risk HPV.
What can human papillomavirus transmitted through nonsexual means cause
can cause warts on the hands, feet, and other parts of the body.
Spontaneous Abortion
can occur without human interference. Natural complications of fetal development, perhaps due to genetic, medical, or hormonal problems, can result in the spontaneous termination of the pregnancy. This manner of termination of pregnancy is called a miscarriage
According to Roe vs Wade each state
cannot outlaw first trimester abortions
Women who breast feed should
consume a healthy diet and increase there calcium
For most women the use of hormone therapy should
depend on our symptoms, medical history, and preferefences
What are Braxton Hicks contractions
false labor contractions that occur during pregnancy but before labor
Low Risk HPV causes
genital warts
What is hormone therapy?
has been the standard treatment for symptoms of menopause for the past 70 years. The idea behind these therapies has been to replace or supplement the hormone levels that fall during menopause. While hormone therapy primarily has been used to treat symptoms of menopause, it has also been studied extensively for potential harmful and beneficial effects on health. These studies have produced conflicting results.
At the end of the 2nd stage of labor the
have delivered the baby is born
What is the most common symptom of menopause?
hot flashes
induced abortion
involves a decision to terminate a pregnancy through medical procedures.
First Stage of Labor
is from the onset of labor to full dilation of the cervix
What is the purpose of the placenta?
is the organ that supplies the growing fetus with oxygen and nutrients from the maternal bloodstream and serves as a conduit for the return of waste products back to the mother for disposal.
Third Stage of Labor
lasts from the completion of delivery of the baby to completion of delivery of the afterbirth, or placenta. In this final stage of labor, the uterus contracts firmly after the delivery of the baby. The placenta separates from the uterine wall and is expelled.
What is menopause?
marks the end of menstruation and childbearing capability. Menopause is the permanent end of menstruation and fertility, officially occurring 12 months after a woman's last menstrual period.
Who is eligible for hormone therapy?
may be especially useful for women who experience menopause or who have lost normal ovarian function, called premature ovarian failure, before age 40
What is dysmenorrhea?
meaning "painful menstrual flow" is a term for what most women call "cramps.
Second Stage of Labor
of labor begins when the cervix is completely dilated and ends with the birth of the baby
Amniotic Fluid
protects the embryo /Fetus from bumps
What is a total hysterectomy?
removal of both ovaries and the fallopian tubes,
the placenta
returns waste products back to the mother for disposal
Which of the following factors is associated with earlier onset of natural menopause
smoking ciggarettes
Where does conception occur?
takes place in the upper third of the fallopian tube
What is menopause? Professor
the end of a women's menstrual cycle
Primary syphilis
the first disease stage, usually occurs 3 to 12 weeks after sexual contact with an infected individual. The first symptom is a painless open sore, called a chancre, at the site of sexual contact. The chancre heals within 2 to 6 weeks, whether or not the individual receives treatment
Menarche is
the first period
perimenopause is
the life stage just before menopause
Which of the following conditions is an early sign or symptom of pregnancy
the need to urinate frequently
Conception usually occurs in the
the upper third fallopian tube
A contraceptive with a failure rate of 1% means which of the following
1/100 people can get pregnant in a year
In 2008 how many unsafe abortions were estimated to take plave mostly in the developing world
20 million
How many chromosomes does a zygote have?
46 chromosomes
About what percentage of pregnancies are unintended
50%
Can you prove a women's virginity by the pain or bleeding that may occur the first time she has sex?
A common misconception is that a woman's virginity can be proved or disproved by the pain or bleeding that may occur with initial coitus
Which of the following statements defines and induced abortion
A decision to terminate a pregnancy with a medical procedure
Medications During Labor
A variety of pain-relieving medications are available for childbirth. Most decisions about medications are actually personal choices, not medical decisions. Tranquilizers and analgesics are often used together for general relaxation and to take the edge off contractions.
