Health Psych Exam 2

health behavior and health habits : What are the most common health risk behaviors for youth? youth risk behaviors surveillance system (YRBSS)

The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of health-related behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of death and disability among youth and adults, including— 1. Behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence 2. Sexual behaviors related to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV infection 3. Alcohol and other drug use 4. Tobacco use 5. Unhealthy dietary behaviors 6. Inadequate physical activity YRBSS also measures the prevalence of obesity and asthma and other health-related behaviors plus sexual identity and sex of sexual contacts. YRBSS is a system of surveys. It includes 1) a national school-based survey conducted by CDC and state, territorial, tribal, and 2) local surveys conducted by state, territorial, and local education and health agencies and tribal governments.

Theories of health behavior: health belief model (HBM)

a non-stage theory that identifies three beliefs that influence decision-making regarding health behavior: perceived susceptibility to a health threat, perceived severity of the disease or condition, and perceived benefits of and barriers to the behavior

positive psychology 1. thriving

a paradoxical outcome in which adversity somehow leads people to greater psychological and/or physical well-being

Theories of health behavior: Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

a theory that predicts health behavior on the basis of three factors: personal attitude toward the behavior, the subjective norm regarding the behavior, and perceived degree of control over the behavior

Theories of health behavior: Transtheoretical Model (TTM)

a widely used stage theory that contends that people pass through five stages in altering health-related behavior: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance

promoting healthy workplaces: 4. employee wellness programs

Workplace health programs are a coordinated and comprehensive set of health promotion and protection strategies implemented at the worksite that includes programs, policies, benefits, environmental supports, and links to the surrounding community designed to encourage the health and safety of all employees.

Poor health Prevention: compressing morbidity

reducing the length of time a person is sick or disabled -maximize healthy lifespan and minimize time being unhealthy

Theories of Health Behavior: Health Action Process Approach (HAPA)

-suggests that the adoption, initiation, and maintenance of health behaviours must be explicitly conceived as a process that consists of forming an intention (motivation phase), followed by a stage of planning to act and action (volition phase).

promoting healthy workplaces: 3. building a healthy work culture

1. Increase employee engagement 2. Increase employee retention 3. Allow for workday flexibility 4. Improve communication with employees 5.Build a strong employer brand.

How do we promote healthy families and communities?

1. family behaviors -provide resources for health behaviors and health care. These resources include monetary support, information, emotional support, skills to navigate systems, and direction on desirable or healthy behaviors. 2. health system factors-Health care providers can help individuals transition to health by teaching, encouraging, and prioritizing healthy behaviors that move them towards health. 3. community influences -promote healthy lifestyles, address basic needs like food, shelter, and education, knock down barriers to health screenings, and create opportunities for people to improve their health 4. community health education-the study and improvement of health characteristics among specific populations. Community health is focused on promoting, protecting and improving the health of individuals, communities, and organizations.

promoting healthy workplaces: 2. dimensions of healthy work

1. stress 2. work-family relations 3. violence prevention 4. relationships at work

positive psychology 2. allostasis and neuroendocrine health

allostatic overload- the consequences of long-term elevations of stress-related catabolic hormones, including hypertension, wasted muscles, ulcers, fatigue, and increased risk of chronic diseases

occupational health psychology

concerns the application of psychology to improving the quality of work life, and to protecting and promoting the safety, health and well-being of workers. -health protection in this definition refers to intervention in the work environment to reduce worker exposures to workplace hazards, while health promotion refers to individual-level interventions to equip workers with knowledge and resources to improve their health and thereby resist hazards in the work environment.

How does work climate and culture contribute to healthy and unhealthy work?

healthy: boosts commitment, engagement, and performance; happy and caring culture at work not only improves employee well-being and productivity but also improved client health outcomes and satisfaction. unhealthy: environment dominated by practices, policies and management styles that perpetuate unhealthy habits and conflicts among team members. It can be harmful to employees, preventing them from being productive and growing professionally. Bad organizational culture can also lead to unhappiness and dissatisfaction that drives employees to look for jobs elsewhere.

poor health prevention: cognitive-behavioral interventions

patients learn to become experts of their own behavior -The theory behind CBI is that if people can learn to better understand their thoughts and emotions, then they can also alter them through a host of strategies or exercises.

Poor health Prevention: Primary, secondary, and Tertiary prevention

primary- preventing disease before it develops secondary- actions taken to identify and treat an illness or disability early in its course Tertiary- actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability has progressed beyond its early stages

positive psychology

the study of optimal human functioning and the healthy interplay between people and their environments