Health, Wellness, and Health Disparities

The nurse should identify the need for further teaching when the client with diabetes who is taking daily insulin and follows a strict diet makes which statement?

"I cannot possibly ever be considered as healthy."

The nurse is planning care for several clients in an outpatient clinic. Which client requires follow-up care due to a chronic condition?

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who is wheezing and coughing

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of heart failure. This admission is the client's third admission within 90 days. The nurse educates the client with the goal of preventing readmission. Which nursing activity for this client would represent tertiary-level prevention? Screening for tuberculosis Screening for breast cancer every 5 years Teaching about adhering to a low-sodium diet Assessing for risk factors for heart disease

Teaching about adhering to a low-sodium diet

A nurse has chosen to characterize a new initiative as "wellness promotion" rather than "health promotion". Which statement best describes the difference between the concept of wellness and the concept of health?

Wellness is an active state, whereas health is a more passive state dependent on the absence of disease.

The nurse in a free clinic caring for clients uses the Health Belief Model, which is based on three components. What is the main focus for this model? What people believe to be true about their health How people interact with their environments Factors that predispose a person to infectious diseases How health is a constantly changing state

What people believe to be true about their health

The concept of holism is based on the belief that:

individuals cannot be seen apart from the environment

A client, who has just been diagnosed with a chronic condition, asks the nurse what a"chronic condition" means. What would be the nurse's best response?

"Chronic conditions usually come on slowly and may have periods of remission and exacerbation."

Which clients, at risk for health disparities, may require additional assistance from the nurse in order to access healthcare services? (Select all that apply.) Students entering a local university Migrant farm workers Older adult clients in a senior citizen complex First-time pregnant mothers Clients who have been unemployed for several months

Migrant farm workers Older adult clients in a senior citizen complex Clients who have been unemployed for several months

The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the hospital with pneumonia and associated pleuritic chest pain. Which would be a priority when creating the nursing care plan

Monitoring airway clearance.

When admitting an adolescent to the hospital, the nurse anticipates that the client will respond to questions about the client's health beliefs based primarily on the client's:

age and developmental stage

A 48-year-old client was just diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The client has a body mass index of 35 and leads a sedentary lifestyle. The nurse informs the client of risk factors for the diagnosis and the need to change diet and exercise behavior. Which client statement indicates a need for further teaching? "There is nothing that can be done anyway; chronic diseases cannot be prevented." "I need to start slow on an exercise program approved by my healthcare provider." "Over 80% of cases of type 2 diabetes could be prevented if the risk factors were eliminated." "The major causes of chronic diseases are known."

"There is nothing that can be done anyway; chronic diseases cannot be prevented."

What are common sources of stress in family members due to a hospitalization of a family member? Select all that apply. Alterations in roles Economic problems Alterations in lifestyle Decrease in social interactions Increase in exercise

Alterations in roles Economic problems Alterations in lifestyle Decrease in social interactions

What is the definition of wellness? Maximizing the state in which you live An active state of being healthy Being without disease A desire to be without disease

An active state of being healthy

Which are characteristics of chronic conditions? (Select all that apply.) Resolve spontaneously Are rarely curable Require lifelong management Have a prolonged course Have a rapid onset

Are rarely curable Require lifelong management Have a prolonged course

Which nursing intervention is an example of tertiary preventive care?

Assisting with speech therapy a client with a traumatic brain injury

Which nursing activity reflects care given on the tertiary level of healthcare delivery?

Assisting with transplant surgery

How can the nurse best demonstrate being a role model for health promotion?

Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol

A nurse is caring for a client with end-stage liver failure. Which healthcare agency should the nurse recommend for continuity of care?

extended care

An exacerbation refers to the reactivation of a disease. Which condition is associated with exacerbation? Chronic illness Hereditary illness Acute illness Congenital illness

Chronic Illness

A teenaged client reports having diarrhea before every test in school. The nurse recognizes that this client needs to focus on which dimension of health? Emotional dimension Sociocultural dimension Physical dimension Intellectual dimension

Emotional dimension

Which of these is not a factor in the Agent-Host-Environment Model of health and illness, as developed by Leavell and Clark (1965)?

Evil spirit

A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, with a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dL (31.91 mmol/L), vomiting, and shortness of breath. This client has experienced which phenomenon? Risk factor Exacerbation Morbidity Infection

Exacerbation

Which are factors that impact how a client defines health? Select all that apply. Culture Family Music Community Society

Family Culture Community Society

Which client growth needs are included in the love and belonging level of Maslow's hierarchy? (Select All) Family Self-respect Intimacy Status Friendships

Family Intimacy Friendships

When caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with a chronic illness, the nurse understands the importance of promoting health by highlighting which concept? Focus on what is possible. Focus on the altered functioning. Focus on what can no longer be. Focus on why the client has the illness.

Focus on what is possible.

What is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity?

Health

When providing care to a client, the nurse integrates knowledge that a client's beliefs and actions are related and influenced by the client's personal expectations in relation to health and illness. The nurse is demonstrating an understanding of which health model?

Health belief model

Which definition of health is the best?

Health is a state of complete well-being.

Which definition of health is the best? Health is the lack of physical symptoms. Health is a state of complete well-being. Health is the absence of disease. Health is how people feel.

Health is a state of complete well-being.

A community health nurse arranges for a dental checkup camp for the local children in the school district. Which of the following would most likely be the nurse's goal for this health camp?

Health promotion

A client is admitted to the mental health center with attempted suicide. Which of the client's problems is the priority for the nurse to manage?

Risk of self-harm

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease?

It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.

Which behaviors are necessary for a person to successfully adapt to a chronic illness? Select all that apply. Learn to live as normally as possible Accept dependence and adjust to it Maintain a positive self-concept Maintain a sense of hope Give up control of one's life

Learn to live as normally as possible Maintain a positive self-concept Maintain a sense of hope

Which nursing activity reflects secondary prevention?

Making a referral for a mammogram

The nurse is giving a talk to a local community group on the harms of smoking. The nurse tells the group that a risk factor is something that increases a person's chances for illness or injury. What type of risk factor is smoking?

Modifiable

The client is admitted with a gastrointestinal bleed. The physician ordered a colonoscopy. Which level of care encompasses this procedure?

Secondary

A mammogram represents which level of prevention?

Secondary prevention

A client has been admitted to the hospital for treatment of pancreatitis secondary to alcoholism. The client states that it is nearly impossible to quit drinking because of the deep entrenchment of alcohol use in the client's circle of friends and line of work. As well, the client claims to have thought that drinking only beer and foregoing hard alcohol would prevent health problems. This client is exhibiting health consequences rooted in which human dimensions?

Sociocultural and intellectual

Which needs are being met when a nurse recommends a senior citizen community center for an older client who is living alone? Spiritual needs Sociocultural needs Emotional needs Intellectual needs

Sociocultural needs

A nurse is caring for a client who has breast cancer. The client tells the nurse: "I don't know why this happened to me, but I'm ready to move on and do whatever I need to do to get healthy again." This client is in which stage of acute illness?

Stage 3

A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD, a chronic illness of the lungs. The client is in remission. Which statement best describes a period of remission in a client with a chronic illness?

Symptoms are not experienced

A nurse refers an HIV-positive client to a local support group. This is an example of what level of preventive care? Primary Tertiary Secondary Chronic

Tertiary

A client has had a total knee replacement and is receiving care that includes learning to walk with a walker. What level of prevention is most applicable to this client?

Tertiary prevention

Which model is most useful in examining the cause of disease in an individual, based upon external factors?

The Agent-Host-Environment Model

A nurse observes that a client who has pneumonia is in the recovery and rehabilitation stage of the illness. Which statement describes the client response that the nurse would expect at this stage of the illness? The client gives up the dependent role. The client assumes a dependent role. The client seeks medical attention. The client recognizes symptoms of illness.

The client gives up the dependent role.

A client with Alzheimer disease in a nursing home is more compliant in following directions for dressing and feeding with one nurse than with other staff members. This phenomenon is best explained by aggression. the Therapeutic Model of Interaction. empathy. the Health Belief Model.

the Therapeutic Model of Interaction.

The nurse is caring for a very active, athletic adolescent recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. The client appears to be withdrawn and depressed when the nurse asks how he or she is doing today. Using the health belief model, what steps can the nurse take to create a plan of care for this client? Select all that apply. - Encourage the client to participate in as many activities as he or she can tolerate and provide information for health counseling. - Review possible outcomes of the diagnosis with the client, allowing the client to express concerns while providing support. - Assure the client that he or she will be able to live a full life, provide education on how to adjust to the new diagnosis, and include the family in any life-changing decisions. - Conduct an in-depth interview of the client's previous health issues, how the client reacted to the illness, and what support system the client has. Assure the client that there is nothing to be worried about because many people are diagnosed with this disease, and alert the family to the possibility of depression.

Conduct an in-depth interview of the client's previous health issues, how the client reacted to the illness, and what support system the client has. Assure the client that there is nothing to be worried about because many people are diagnosed with this disease, and alert the family to the possibility of depression.

A nurse is planning a health fair in the community to highlight promotion and prevention of the leading cause of death in the United States. Which disease process should the nurse address?

Coronary artery disease

A nurse is immunizing children against measles. This is an example of what level of preventive care? Secondary Tertiary Primary Chronic

Primary

The nurse's community outreach class is giving a presentation on seat belts and child safety seats at the local firehouse every weekend in October. Which level of health promotion is this an example of? Secondary Medical Primary Tertiary

Primary

Why do nurses need to care for their own health needs? Select all that apply. To allow them to give effective nursing care to others To enable them to practice more efficiently To help them serve as role models for clients To make them look more appealing to the public To deemphasize the importance of care provided by physicians

To enable them to practice more efficiently To help them serve as role models for clients To allow them to give effective nursing care to others

What have the models of health promotion and illness prevention been used for? To help health care providers understand health-related behaviors. To define a medical framework for the care of the disabled. To create a forum for improving rehabilitative care. To formulate care plans for the disabled population.

To help health care providers understand health-related behaviors.

The nurse is addressing primary prevention with a group of college students. Which promotional statement by the nurse would be the best example of a developmentally appropriate discussion?

Use of condoms can help prevent sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy

To be an effective change agent for wellness, the nurse must: lead a sedentary lifestyle. drink caffeinated beverages. consume a diet low in fat. skip breakfast to reduce calories.

consume a diet low in fat