Healthcare Statistics Chapter 6 Death Rate

Classification of fetal deaths

*Early fetal death-less than 20 weeks gestation & 500 grams or less *Intermediate fetal death-20 weeks completed gestation but less than 28 wks & 501 to 1,000 grams *Late fetal death-28 wks completed gestation & over 1,000 grams

Three major types of anesthesia:

*General- patient is unconcious and has no sensation & is given intravenously or inhaled *Regional- patient may be awake or sedated, removes the ability to feel any pain or sensations in a specific region of the body. Ex: peripheral nerve block, spinal, epidural *Local- numbs a small area of the body by injecting the anesthetic

Guidelines for Calculating Death Rate

-calculations are carried out three decimal places and rounded down to two -Death is a discharge/deposition. Data representing total discharges include deaths for the period unless otherwise specified -If newborn inpatient deaths are included in the numerator, they must be included in the denominator -DOA (dead on arrival) are not included in gross death rate -Outpatients are not included in gross death rate -Fetal deaths (stillbirths) are not included in the hospital death rate but calculated separately

Gross Death Rate

AKA: Hospital Death Rate The number of inpatient deaths for a given period of time divided by the total number of live discharges and deaths for the same time period. Usually expressed as a percentage.

Net Death Rate

AKA: Institutional death rate newborn deaths are included in the inpatient deaths with the A/C deaths. It excludes deaths that occurred less than 48 hours and is less than the gross death rate

Newborn Death Rate

AKA: Newborn Mortality Rate Total number of newborn deaths for a period X 100 ------------------------------------------------- Total number of newborn discharges (including deaths) for the period

Postoperative Death Rate

AKA: Surgical Death Rate The number of deaths occurring after an operation has been performed. It involves the ratio of deaths within 10 days after surgery to the total number of patients operated on during that period. -(denominator includes the number of patients operated on and not the number of operations)

Perinatal Death

An all-inclusive term referring to both stillborn infants and neonatal deaths

Surgical Procedure

Any single, separate, systematic process upon or within the body that can be complete in itself

Anesthesia Death Rate Formula

Total deaths caused by anesthetic agents X 100 ------------------------------------------------- Total number of anesthetics administered

Postoperative Death Rate/Surgical Death Rate Formula

Total number of deaths (within 10 days after surgery) X 100 ------------------------------------------------ total number of patients who were operated on for the period

Net Death Rate/Institutional Death Rate

Total number of inpatient deaths (including NB) minus deaths under 48 hrs for a given period X 100 ------------------------------------------------- Total number of discharges (including NB deaths) minus deaths under 48 hrs from same period

Indirect obstetrical death

a death not directly due to obstetrical causes even though the psychological effects of the pregnancy are partially responsible for the death Ex: a pregnant woman with complications of Diabetes that are aggravated by the pregnancy but the cause of death is the diabetes and not the pregnancy

Direct obstetrical death

death directly related to the pregnancy Ex: Patient who dies after c-section bc of a nick to the uterine artery that resulted in hemorrage

infant death

death of a live born infant at any time from the moment of birth to the end of the first year of life (through 364 days, 23 hrs, 59 min from the moment of birth)

Newborn death

death of a liveborn infant born in the hospital who later the dies during the same admission

Postneonatal death

death of a liveborn infant from 28 days of birth to the e3nd of the first year of life (through 364 days, 23 hrs, 59 min from the moment of birth)

Neonatal death

death of a liveborn infant within the neonatal period of 27 days, 23 hrs, and 59 min from the moment of birth

Fetal Death Rate

death prior to the complete expulsion or extraction from the mother (in a hospital facility) of a product of human conception (fetus and placenta) regardless of the duration of pregnancy. Includes intermediate and late fetal deaths AKA: Stilbirth

Maternal death rate

hospitals usually classify only direct obstetric deaths as maternal deaths and include only the deaths that occurred during hospitalization

cancer mortality rate

number of cancer deaths during a period X 100,000 ------------------------------------------------- total number in population at risk

Maternal death rate formula

number of direct maternal deaths for a period X 100 ------------------------------------------------- number of obstetrical discharges (including deaths) for the period *Obstetrical discharges= delivered, aborted, not delivered, postpartum *included in denominator of formula (and numerator if mother dies)

infant mortality rate formula

number of infant deaths (neonatal and postneonatal) during a period X 1,000 ------------------------------------------------- number of livebirths during the period

neonatal mortality rate formula

number of neonatal deaths during a period X 1,000 ------------------------------------------------- number of live births during the period

Surgical Operation

one or more surgical procedures performed at one time for one patient via a common approach or for a common purpose

Fetal death rate formula

total number of intermediate and/or late fetal deaths for a period X 100 ------------------------------------------------- Total number of livebirths + intermediate and late fetal deaths for the period

Anesthesia Death Rate

The ratio of deaths caused by anesthetic agents to the number of anesthetics administered during a specified period of time

Case Fatality Rate

The total number of deaths due to a specific illness during a given time period divided by the total number of cases during the same period.

Maternal Death Rate

The death of any woman from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (regardless of duration or site of pregnancy, but not from accidental [ex: car accident] or incidental causes [ex: suicide or homicide])

WHO Maternal Mortality Rate

Number of Maternal deaths X 100,000 ------------------------------------------ Number of live births

Vital Statistics Formula for Maternal Mortality Rate

Number of deaths attributed to maternal conditions during a period X 100,000 ------------------------------------------------- Number of births during the period

Gross Death Rate/Hospital Death Rate Formula

Number of inpatient deaths (including NB) in a period X 100 ------------------------------------------------- Number of discharges (including A&C and NB deaths) in the same period

Case Fatality Rate Formula

Number of people who die of a disease in a specified period X 100 ------------------------------------------------- Number of people who have the disease