heat and thermodynamics
An ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process in which it expands and does 20 J of work on its environment. What is the change in the system's internal energy
-20J
What temperature has the same numerical value on both the Celsius and the Fahrenheit scales
-40
An ideal gas system is maintained at a constant volume of 4 L. If the pressure is constant, how much work is done by the system
0J
What is the temperature of a system in thermal equilibrium with another system made up of water and steam at 1 atm of pressure
100 oC
A nail is driven into a board with an initial kinetic energy of 150 J. If the potential energy before and after the event is the same, what is the change in the internal energy of the board and nail
150 J
Energy is transferred as heat between two objects, one with temperature of 5 degrees C and the other with a temperature of 20 degrees C. If two other objects are to have the same amount of energy transferred between them, what might their temperatures be
17 degrees C and 32 degrees C
A figure is shown how the temperature of 10.0 g of ice changes as energy is added. Relates to #'s 26-28 Which value equals the latent heat required to change the liquid water into steam
22.6 X 10^3 J
If 546 K equals 273 degree C, then 500 K equals
227 degrees C
What is the temperature of a system in thermal equilibrium with another system made up of ice and water at 1 atm pressure
273 K
The average normal body temperature for human beings is 98.6 degrees F. This corresponds to which of the following in degress Kelvin
310 K
A figure is shown how the temperature of 10.0 g of ice changes as energy is added. Relates to #'s 26-28 At what point on the figure above does the substance undergo a phase change
B
A figure is shown how the temperature of 10.0 g of ice changes as energy is added. Relates to #'s 26-28 27 b. At what point on the figure above is the amount of energy transferred as heat approximately 4.19 X 10^3 J
C
What happens to the internal energy of an ideal gas when it is heated from 0 oC to 4 oC
It increases
23. All of the following are widely used temperature scales EXCEPT
Joule
Which of the following is a direct cause of substances temperature increase
Kinetic energy is added to the particles of the substance.
Which of the following is a thermodynamic process in which a system returns to the same conditions under which it started
a cyclic process
How does a real heat engine differ from an ideal cyclic heat engine
a real heat engine is not isolated, so matter enters and leaves the engine
Which of two rods has the greatest thermal conductivity
a rod with electrons that are freer to move from atom to atom than are the electrons another rod
Which thermodynamic process takes place when work is done on or by the system but no energy is transferred to or from the system as heat
adiabatic
Energy transferred as heat always moves from an object
at high temperature to an object at low temperature
The use of fiberglass insulation in the outer walls of a building is intended to minimize heat transfer through what process
conduction
In an elastic collision between two ball bearings, kinetic energy is conserved. If there is no change in potential energy, which of the following is true
delta sign U=
What accounts for an increase in the temperature of a gas that is kept at constant volume
energy has been added as heat to the gas
If there is no temperature difference between a substance and its surroundings, what has occurred on the microscopic level
energy has been transferred from higher energy particles to lower energy particles
If there is no temperature difference between a substance and its surroundings, what has occurred on the microscopic level
energy was transferred from higher energy particles to lower energy particles.
Why does sandpaper get hot when it is rubbed against rusty metal
friction between sandpaper and metal increases the temperature of both
Why does sandpaper get hot when it is rubbed against rusty metal
friction is creating the heat
Which of the following terms describes a transfer of energy
heat
High temperature is related to
high kinetic energy
According to the first law of thermodynamic, the difference between energy transferred to or from a system as heat and energy transferred to or from a system by work is equivalent to which of the following
internal energy change
What is a phase change
is the physical change of a substance from one state (liquid, solid or gas) to another state at constant temperature and pressure
What thermodynamic process for an ideal gas system has an unchanging internal energy and a heat intake that corresponds to the value of the work done by the system
isothermal
Which thermodynamic process takes place at constant temperature so that the internal energy of a system remains unchanged
isothermal
Imagine you could observe the individual atoms that make up a piece of matter and that you observe the motion of the atoms becoming more orderly. What can you assume about the system
its entropy is decreasing
A substance's temperature increases as a direct result of
kinetic energy being added to the particles of the substance.
What occurs when a system disorder is increased
less energy is available to do work
What three properties of a substance affect the amount of energy transferred as heat to or from the substance
mass, temperature change, specific heat
A caloriemeter is used to determine the specific heat capacity of a test metal. If the specific heat capacity of water is know, what quantities can be measures
metal mass, water mass, initial an final temperature of metal and water
Which of the following best describes the relationship between two systems in thermal equilibrium
no net energy is exchanged
The requirement that a heat engine must give up some energy at a lower temperature in order to do work corresponds to which law of thermodynamics
second
On a sunny day at the beach, the reason the sand gets hot and the water stays relatively cool is attributed to the difference in which property between water and sand
specific heat
A figure is shown how the temperature of 10.0 g of ice changes as energy is added. Relates to #'s 26-28 Which of the following is a substance in which the temperature and pressure remain constant while the substance experiences an inward transfer of energy
substance undergoing a change of state
Which of the following describes a substance in which the temperature and pressure remains constant while the substance experiences an inward transfer of energy
substance undergoing a change of state
Energy transferred as heat occurs between two bodies in thermal contact when they differ in which of the following properties
temperature
Heat flow occurs between two bodies in thermal contact when they differ in which of the following properties
temperature
Which of the following is proportional to the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules
temperature
Which of the following is true during a phase change
temperature remains constant
An ideal heat engine has an efficiency of 50 percent Which of the following statements is note true
the amount of energy exhausted as heat equals the energy added to the engine as heat
Energy transfer as heat between two objects depends on which of the following
the difference in temperature of the two objects
If two small beakers of water, one at 70 oC and one at 80 oC, are emptied into a larger beaker, what is the final temperature of the water
the final temperature is between 70 C and 80 degress C
In the figure above, what happens to the ice at 0C
the ice begins to melt and change into water
If energy is transferred from a table to a block of ice moving across the table, which of the following statements is true
the ice is cooler than the table
In the presence of friction, not all of the work done on a system appears as mechanical energy. What happens to the rest of the energy provided by work
the remaining energy causes an increase in the interal energy of the system
In the figure above, what happens to the ice at 100C
the temperature stops rising and the water turns into steam
A figure is shown how the temperature of 10.0 g of ice changes as energy is added. Relates to #'s 26-28 Which of the following statements is correct
the water absorbed energy continously, but the temperature increased only when all of the water was in one phase
As the temperature of a substance increases, its volume tends to increase due to
thermal expansion
Which of the following is a form of kinetic energy that occurs within a molecule when the bonds are stretched or bent
vibrational
