HEENT BLUEPRINT
what is the optimal level of fluoridation?
0.7 ppm
when should exams by dentists begin?
1 y/o
what is loss of all teeth before the age of 65 associated with?
1.5x increased risk of death
if an acoustic neuroma is managed with observation, it must be imaged annually for how long?
10 yrs (then q 2-3 thereafter if no growth)
at what dB does instant hearing damage occur?
140 dB
which HPV types are high risk?
16 & 18
what is the education for a dental laboratory technician/tehcnologist?
2 yrs community college, vocational/tech/dental school
how long after GAS tonsillo-pharyngitis, does rheumatic fever present?
2-4 weeks
what is a full set of primary teeth?
20
when did the patient protection and affordable care act take place which improved access to dental care for children?
2010
in a sialography, what type of catheter is used for stensens duct?
21g
in sialography, what type of catheter is used for Wharton's duct and inserted at the base of the frenulum of the tongue?
24 or 27g
there is a nationwide shortage of dentists that are comfortable treating children under what age?
3
in how many days should sutures from the eyelid be removed in?
3 days
how long can effusion from AOM take to resolve?
3 months
in how many days should sutures from the eyebrow or nose be removed in?
3-5 days
what is a full complement of adult teeth?
32
what must an audiologist do to be licensed in all 50 states?
4 yr post-grad doctoral degree
what is required for education for a oral maxillofacial surgeon (DMD)?
4 yrs dental school + 4-6 hospital based surgical residency
what do optometrists have to do to become licensed as doctors of optometry (O.D.)?
4 yrs optometry program
what does an ophthalmologist have to do for education after completing MD/DO school?
4 yrs residence + board certified (American board of ophthalmology)
how many days should the sutures for forehead, cheek, and chin lacerations be removed in?
5 days
what does an otolaryngologist have to do after completing MD/DO school?
5 yrs residency + board certification (otolaryngology-head&neck surgery)
how long after exposure does UV keratitis typically develop?
6-12 hrs
at what age do teeth typically begin to emerge in a child?
6-15 months of age
what is required of a dental assistance through a technical/vocational school?
6-9 month accredited program
what is the gold standard screening method for diabetic retinopathy?
7 field photography after pupil dilation
if nonabsorbable sutures are placed after I&D in the management of an auricular hematoma, when should they be removed?
7-10 days later
what percentage of visual impairment is preventable or curable?
80%
what is the recommended limit exposure to noise by NIOSH?
85 dB over 8 hrs
sounds at or above what dBA can cause hearing loss?
85 dBA
what does OSHA set a noise permissible exposure workplace limit of?
90 dBA over 8 hrs
if a patient starts smoking at what age and has a duration of smoking for how long are considered to be high risk factors for head and neck cancer?
<18 y/o & been smoking >35 years
when is there the highest incidence for mastoiditis?
<2 y/o
who are >60% of the cases of OME in?
<2 y/o
at what age with AOM is abx treatment reasonable for all?
<6 months
what is the A1c goal in patients with diabetic retinopathy?
<7.0
what is considered chronic HSV-1 that requires suppressive therapy?
>4 episodes/year
what is routine hearing testing as part of the geriatric assessment started?
>65 y/o
what is the MC reason for a sick visit that is more common in the fall and winter?
AOM
what patho is being described: URI causing ET dysfunction then causing accumulation of fluid and mucus causing secondary bacterial infection of middle ear?
AOM
sensitivity to what medication is a risk factor for nasal polyps?
ASA
those with labyrinthitis will experience spontaneous vestibular nystagmus that beats where?
AWAY from affected side
what gene is most associated with Meniere disease?
COCH
what imaging in the workup of conductive hearing loss is done to evaluate the EAC, IAC, ossicles, and temporal bone?
CT
what imaging modality for mastoiditis visualizes the bony septations, fluid, mucosal thickening, periostea thickening, and subperiosteal abscess?
CT
what is the gold standard for a deep neck infection?
CT
what is the most sensitive diagnostic for parotitis differentiating between suppurative cellulitis vs frank abscess?
CT
what imaging should be done for a nasal trauma/suspected fracture?
CT maxillofacial bones & base of skull
where should patients with epiglotittis not be sent?
CT scanner
what should be done diagnostically if mastoiditis is suspected with AOM?
CT temporal bone w/ contrast
what should be done in the workup of a peritonsilar abscess if there is concern that it has spread beyond the peritonsillar space or lateral neck space to form a deep neck infection?
CT w/ contrast
what should be done if someone has ET dysfunction sx unilaterally or a middle ear effusion for >3 months to identify any neoplasms that may be obstructing the ET?
CT/MRI w/ contrast
what gene is associated with primary infant glaucoma?
CYP1B1
what are predisposing factors for acute sialadenitis?
DM, hypothyroidism, RF, sjogren syndrome
who deals with dx & tx of cleft. lip, TMJ, dento-alevolar surgery, and craniofacial surgery?
DMD (oral maxillofacial surgeon)
what can happen as a complication of an ear canal FB?
EAC abrasion/laceration or TM perforation
what does microbial imbalance in the mouth creating acid that damages the tooth enamel cause?
ECC's
what is idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss considered to be?
EMERGENCY
what is characterized as failure of the ET to open or close properly?
ET dysfunction
what is the MCf form of cholesteatoma?
ET dysfunction causing negative pressure causing retraction pocket in which part of TM gets pulled into ear canal
what genetic factor may influence the development of mononucleosis?
GATA2 deficiency
what is the MCC of non syndromic sensorineural hearing loss?
GJB2
what type of patients often have non-supparative parotitis with bilateral swelling and cystic lesions?
HIV
patients that live in what type of area are at an increased risk for oral disease?
HPSA (health professional shortage area)
what virus is linked to increased risk of oral cancer?
HPV
what is believed to be the cause of up to 70% of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma?
HPV (16)
in which patients should nasal decongestants be used in caution with?
HTN, DM, CAD, thyroid dz, prostatic hyperplasia, GU obstruction (will cause more constriction)
what should be done for auricular hematomas that are older than 48 hours but less than 7 days?
I&D
what should someone with mastoiditis be admitted for?
IV abx & myringotomy w or w/o tympanovstomy tubes
what is the treatment for mastoiditis?
IV abx with myringotomy w/ or w/o tympanostomy tubes
what immunologic factors will be elevated in Ménière's disease?
IgG, IgM, or complement components
what s/s would suggest an extension of the infection in someone with malignant OE?
LAD, trismus, CN palsies
what may be done diagnostically for pulsatile tinnitus to r/o a vascular lesion?
MRA/MRV
what is the gold standard for acoustic neuroma showing a hypointense glob over the internal acoustic canal?
MRI w/ gadolinium
what is the imaging study done for sensorineural loss?
MRI w/ gadolinium
what may be done in the case of labyrinthitis to r/o a cerebellar infarct?
MRI/MRA, CT
what gene is most associated with juvenile-onset primary open angle glaucoma?
MYOC
what is an inner ear disorder causing vertigo & hearing loss as well as aural fullness & tinnitus idiopathically?
Meniere's dz
what is a source of fever in critically ill patients with sinusitis?
NG tube
what is the IV abx for parotitis?
Nafacilin + vanco or linezolid and metro or clinda
what is characterized by a TM that is translucent or grey with fluid that is colorless or amber with air-fluid levels/bubbles behind the membrane and loss light reflex?
OME
what is a collection of fluid in the middle ear but WITH NO ACUTE INFECTION?
OME (otitis media w/ effusion)
what professional deals with the diagnosis and treatment of soft & hard tissue trauma of the oral and maxillofacial region (jaw fractures, cheek bone fractures, nasal fractures, LeFort fracture, skull fractures, and blowout/eye socket fractures)?
Oral maxillofacial surgeon (DMD)
what is the treatment agent of choice for acute pharyngitis d/t GAS?
PCN V
what abx prophylaxis is recommended for the treatment of an avulsed permanent tooth?
PCN or doxy
what should those infected with diphtheria receive for treatment?
PCN or erythromycin 14 days
what can be taken several hours before anticipated arrival airplane time to prevent/avoid barotrauma?
PO decongestants several hrs or topical 1 hr before
what is the least effective method of preventing noise-induced hearing loss?
PPE
what is the treatment for BPPV?
PT-eply maneuver, brandt=daroff exercises
why is there a right sided predominance for nasal foreign bodies?
R-handed children
what is the MC bacteria to cause "swimmers ear" or acute diffuse OE?
S. aureus
what is the MC bacterial source for parotitis?
S. aureus
what would you most commonly expect mastoiditis to involve?
S. pneumo, S. pyogènes, S. aureus
what accounts for 90-95% of oral cavity and laryngeal cancers?
SCC
what should be considered in those with >/=3 episodes of AOM in 6 months, >/=4 in 1 year, at least 1 episode in preceding 6 months, or h/o recurrent OM?
Tympanostomy tube
what imaging modality can often locate nonradiopaque foreign bodies?
US
what is the first line diagnostic done in the workup of sialadenitis to help evaluate the gland and abscess formation or stone
US
what is the preferred initial imaging study for parotitis to detect stones in the duct or parenchyma and differentiate between obstructive/non-obstructive sialadenitis?
US
what are snow blindness, welders flash, and tanning beds all causes of?
UV keratitis
what disease is characterized by corneal edema and diffuse punctuate lesions on slip lamp exam?
UV keratitis
on otoscopic exam in someone with ET dysfunction, what is characterized as minimal movement w/ positive pressure and increased movement w/ negative pressure?
abnormal insufflation
what do dental cleanings, tooth extractions, and procedures where bleeding is expected all require in those individuals at high risk for bacterial endocarditis?
abx prophylaxis
what can be given to those with meniere's dz for prevention?
acetazolamide
how can immunocompromised patients dry their ears after irrigation to remove sermon?
acetic acid gtts
what is a benign lesion of the 8th CN Schwann cells sheath that arises in the internal auditory canal gradually growing into the cerebellopontine angle?
acoustic neuroma
what is one of the MC intracranial tumors commonly occurring from NF2 causing b/l dz?
acoustic neuroma
what type of OE is swimmer's ear?
acute diffuse
what is characterized as furunculosis or an infection of the hair follicles within the outer 1/3 of the ear?
acute localized OE
what occurs when the infection from AOM spreads from the middle ear to the mastoid air cells?
acute mastoiditis
what does ANUG stand for?
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
early therapy within 72 hours of sx onset with HSV-1 is done with what?
acyclovir
why has complete tooth loss declined in the US over the last 60 years?
addition of fluoride to water
who gets septal hematomas the most from trauma?
adults
when does leukoplakia typically not occur until?
after age 30
when can kids start using fluoride toothpaste?
age 6
what is sensorineural hearing loss MC d/t?
age-related hearing loss (presbycusis)
complement factor H on chromosome 1 is a gene that is associated with a high risk of developing what disorder?
age-related macular degeneration
what treatment option for otitis externa is associated with hypersensitivity reactions?
ahminoglycosides
what is barotrauma usually worse with?
airplane descent
although hairy tongue is associated with poor oral hygiene, abx use, and tobacco use, what is it not associated with?
alcohol use
what chemical substances are thought not to cause serious injury?
alkaline pH <12, acidic pH >2
which children should receive varnish in the medical office?
all under 6 y/o
what is a difference in visual acuity of two lines or more between the two eyes?
amblyopia
what abx causes 20-60% chance of permanent hearing loss?
aminoglycosides
what antibiotics is associated with hypersensitivity reactions?
aminoglycosides
what may be increased on CMP in someone with mono?
aminotransferases
what is the most serious chemical injury?
ammonia
the AHA recommends what abx for endocarditis prophylaxis assuming that the patient does not have any allergies?
amoxicillin
what abx is the drug of choice for intraoral infections?
amoxicillin
what type of simple facial laceration still warrants a referral?
animal/human bite
if a patient is s/p radiation for an acoustic neuroma, what should be done thereafter?
annual scan for 10 yrs (then q 2 thereafter if no growth)
what should be done if there is anterior or posterior packing done in the management of epistaxis to reduce the risk of toxic shock syndrome?
anti-staph abx (augmentin)
what is the gold standard for rheumatic fever that confirms a previous infection?
anti-streptococcal antibody titer
the use of medications with which properties can reduce salivary flow resulting in acute sialadenitis?
anticholinergic
which allergic rhinitis medications are contraindicated with esophageal narrowing, abnormal esophageal peristalsis, and hx of difficulty swallowing?
antihistamines
what do patients with malignant OE need long term?
antipseudomonals IV (cipro, pip-taz, ceftazidime, cefepime)
what must you tell your patient when prescribing them oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, and tetrahydrozoline?
as needed for ONLY UP to 72 hours
what is an exposure predisposing patients to head and neck cancers that is a mineral fiber that was often used as an insulating material in many products in the past?
asbestos
what is the first step in evaluating a patient with facial trauma?
assess ABC's
what are dental caries five times more common than in children?
asthma
when should you d/c antihistamines before allergy skin testing?
at least 4 days
what is the MC form of oral candidiasis in adults in which occurs under the upper dentures and is erythematous without any plaques?
atrophic (denture stomatitis)
what may be done in the workup of cholesteatoma to confirm conductive hearing loss?
audiogram
what professional diagnoses, manages, and treats a patients hearing, balance, or ear problems and performs hearing tests & fits for hearing aids?
audiologist
what is a screening diagnostic that can be done for an acoustic neuroma?
audiology
what can be done for non-pulsatile tinnitus to r/o hearing loss?
audiometry
what empiric abx can be given to children with an auricular hematoma?
augmentin
what is a bacterial infection of the perichondrium and overlying skin with SPARING of the auricular cartilage?
auricular perichondritis
what symptom do patients with patulous ET dysfunction (less common one) present with?
auto phony
what is the inheritance pattern of primary infant glaucoma?
autosomal recessive
what guidance do you give for a child who just had fluoride varnish applied to their teeth?
avoid hot, sticky, hard food for 6 hrs
with nystagmus d/t a peripheral lesion, which way does the fast phase beat?
away from affected side
what causes anterior blepharitis?
bacteria (staph)
what type of rhinitis has sx that are persistent for >10 days after onset?
bacterial rhinosinusitis
what type of ET dysfunction is obstructive when scuba diving or on airplanes?
baro-challenge-induced
what is a type of ear damage caused by an inability to equalize barometric stress exerted on the middle ear by rapid altitude change or underwater diving?
barotrauma
what pathophysiology is being described: changes in altitude require accommodation that aren't met causing TM to stretch then bruise, bleed, or even rupture?
barotrauma
the pain and swelling of the affected gland with sialadenitis is worse when?
before meals
what is a condition characterized by both oral stomatitis and genital ulcers?
behcet syndrome
what patho Is being described: calcium debris in the semicircular canals and push on the hair cells?
benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo (BPPV)
what is found in tropical pacific, southeast, South Asia, and east africa that is a risk factor for oral cancer & esophagus, liver, pancreas, larynx, and lung?
betel (areca) nut/chew
what is a vascular endothelial GF blocker that can be given to acoustic neuromas that are NF associated?
bevicizumab
what populations are more likely to have untreated tooth decay?
black & hispanic adults, younger adults, low SES, uneducated
what is characterized by itching burning and red-rimmed eyelids with scales on the lashes?
blepharitis
what does a restricted upward or lateral gaze suggest?
blowout fx w/entrapment
on CT or MRI, a cholesteatoma is seen as a soft tissue collection in the middle ear. what else may be seen with it?
bony erosion OR fistula
what treatment for sensorineural hearing loss is implanted near the cochlear nucleus in the brainstem converting sound to electrical signals for b/l CNVll destruction or absence?
brainstem auditory implant
what exercise involves turning head to one side 45 degrees and then lying on the opposite side for 30 seconds then returning and doing the opposite?
brandt-daroff exercises
what external canal FB can cause tissue necrosis and pressure necrosis and thus should be removed emergently?
button batteries
what guidance should you give to a pregnant patient regarding dental treatment throughout their pregnancy?
can be performed at any trimester
what is a self limiting oral condition that is discrete & round to oval shaped ulcer that is red rimmed with a yellow adherent exudate?
canker sore
with an external ear hematoma, there is no blood supply to the cartilage leading to necrosis thus loss of cartilage with fibrosis and neocartilage formation. what does this lead to?
cauliflower deformity
what should recurrent aphthous ulcers or stomatitis trigger one to consider as a possible comorbidity?
celiac dz
what dental emergency requires treatment with an antibiotic?
cellulitis
what are purulent exudates, cervical adenopathy, lack of cough, and fever history all apart of for pharyngitis?
centor criteria
what type of vertigo comes on gradually?
central
what type of vertigo is gradual onset with no auditory sx +/- vertical nystagmus?
central
what are the methods to removing cerumen?
cerumenolytics, irrigation, manual removal
what is the #1 location of mets from the mouth?
cervical chain lymph nodes
what is characterized by hard, non-tender swelling on the upper or lower lid with redness and swelling of the adjacent conjunctiva d/t granulomatous inflammation of a meibomian gland?
chalazion
if a child has a septal hematoma, what should you keep in your mind?
child abuse
what can PCPs counsel caregivers on to prevent early childhood caries?
child's diet
what disease is characterized by a PE significant for a retraction pocket of the TM or a marginal TM perforation that exudes keratin debris or granulation tissue?
cholesteatoma
what is a complication of ET dysfunction in which there is persistent middle ear inflammation causing TM pocket retraction and debris getting trapped thus destruction of the ossicles?
cholesteatoma
what is caused by allergies or underlying inflammatory dermatologic conditions w/ similar symptoms to acute OE but >3 months?
chronic OE
what do 11% of patients with mono experience for up to or greater than 6 months?
chronic fatigue
what treatment for sensorineural hearing loss converts sound energy into electrical signals stimulating the CNVlll auditory division?
cochlear implant
what is a type of chronic OM that is caused by abnormal collection of epithelial cells in the inner ear?
colesteatoma
what was one of the 10 greatest public health achievements of the 20th century related to dental health?
community water fluoridation
although tympanostomy tube placement and grafts of fat transfer eligible surgical interventions for patulous ET dysfunction, what is the last resort?
complete ET occlusion
what is hearing loss secondary to external or middle ear dysfunction that can result from obstruction, mass loading, stiffness, or discontinuity?
conductive
what type of hearing is d/t mechanical issues such as cerumen impaction, transient ET dysfunction, otosclerosis, and TM perforation?
conductive
what are the sx with cholesteatoma?
conductive HL, tinnitus, dizziness, otorrhea
what does the ice rink sign with fluorescein indicate?
conjunctival FB
if topical anesthetics relieve sx, what does that confirm?
corneal abrasion
what are those that are ventilated or sedated at risk for?
corneal abrasion
what will be decreased or absent ipsilaterally on eye PE in someone with acoustic neuroma?
corneal reflex
what do extended wear contact lens users get?
corneal ulcers
if a patient with mono has impending airway obstruction what is recommended?
corticosteroids + emergent otolaryngology consult
if you suspect a hyphema, you should consult ophtho and do what?
cover eye, elevate HOB 30 degrees
what is the only drug that is utilized for prophylactic use and treatment of allergic rhinitis thus effective for immune-mediated and non-immune mediated triggers?
cromolyn
what medication for allergic rhinitis stabilizes mast cells and has anti-inflammatory effects?
cromolyn
although diagnostics are not usyally necessary for AOM, what can be done in those that are immunocompromised with persistent infection/recurrence despite multiple abx courses?
culture via tympanocentesis
what type of mouth guard pzrovides the most protection against oral injury in sports?
custom made
what is indicated if a corneal abrasion is >2 mm or it is very painful?
cycloplegics
what is a risk factor for children with nasal polyps?
cystic fibrosis
what happens to half of the children with blindness from vitamin A deficiency within a year?
death
what should be stopped if the patient is suffering from patulous ET dysfunction?
decongestants & nasal steroids
what would you expect the TM mobility to be like in someone with AOM?
decreased
what are antihistamines, corticosteroids, anticholinergics, and diuretics all associated with in association with salivary flow?
decreases it
why do elderly postoperative patients get parotitis?
dehydrated/intubated
what role assists the dental clinician but must pass the national DANB radiation health and safety exam to perform dental radiographs?
dental assistance
what is the MC chronic disease of childhood?
dental caries
what is a risk factor for developing early childhood caries?
dental caries in siblings & caretakers
what are nitrates, CCB's, BB's, and progesterone most likely to cause?
dental erosions
what professional requires an associates degree and licensure in all 50 states providing routine/preventative oral care, cleaning, scaling, dental XR, & evaluation?
dental hygienist
which professional would be called to fix a prosthesis, crown, bridge or tooth implant?
dental lab tech/technologist
a patient would like to be fit for dentures. what healthcare professional is most likely going to construct the custom-made dental appliance?
dental laboratory tech
what are ways to prevent recurrence of a auricular hematoma after treatment?
dental roll bolster or auricular bandage
what has been shown to decrease dental decay by 80%?
dental sealants
what is a factor in the elderly that can contribute to xerostomia?
dentures
what do some states allow for the dental hygienist?
direct acess/no dentist supervision
how do you diagnose BPPV?
dix-hallpike maneuver
what type of virus is HSV-1?
double stranded DNA-enveloped
what is the treatment for an auricular hematoma?
drain asap
what should be done with a septal hematoma?
drainage + abx
if air is introduced into the salivary ducts on sialography, what could this mimic?
ductal calculus
what is characterized as an incorrect bite?
dysgnathia
what is required to make the dx of acute otitis media?
ear effusion
what is a microbial imbalance causing chronic disease?
early childhood caries
what is the prevention for mastoiditis?
early effective AOM tx + pneumococcal vaccine
when doing audiometry to confirm the presence of sensorineural hearing loss in meniere's dz, what type of sensory loss occurs early in dz? Later?
early- low frequency later- low, mid, high
what is the most effective method for preventing noise-induced hearing loss?
elimination (remove hazard)
what is usually the external ear Pinna FB in girls <10 y/o?
embedded earring
what is the tooth's outer layer?
enamel
what is a complication of a corneal laceration?
endophthalmitis
what clinical finding occurs in periodontitis that separates it from gingivitis?
enlarged pockets at gum base
what type of gram-negative organisms are often seen in hospitalized patients with parotitis?
enterobacteriaceae, eikenella corrodens
what is characterized as inflammation of the outer scleral layer?
episcleritis
how do you treat UV keratitis?
erythromycin + PO analgesics
how should a corneal abrasion be treated?
erythromycin + topical NSAIDS
what should contacts of those infected with diphtheria receive?
erythromycin PO 7 days
after irrigating and consulting ophtho for a chemical injury, what should be given?
erythromycin ointment
after removing a conjunctival FB, what should be given?
erythromycin ointment
how do you remove cyanoacrylate (crazy glue) from the eye?
erythromycin ointment
what is a similar lesion to leukoplakia but is red in appearance?
erythroplakia
if there is a tumor causing dilatory ET dysfunction what is the treatment
excision
what occurs with wearing away of the teeth with aging?
exposed dentin
what is purulent or bloody drainage from the ear or persistent cough or hiccups rarely seen with?
external canal FB
what is a collection of blood within the space between the perichondrium and the cartilage in the outer ear resulting from blunt trauma?
external ear (auricular) hematoma
what are boxers, MMA artists, water polo players, and wrestlers at an increased risk for?
external ear hematoma
what is the treatment of choice for an abscessed tooth in which requires dental referral?
extraction/root canal
what should not be in the case that a globe rupture is suspected?
eye manipulation, IOP measuring, dilating
although medicaid may cover dental care for children, only _________ will accept medicaid insurance
few dentists
which antihistamine should not be taken within at least 2 hours of fruit juice?
fexofenadine
what accounts for most cases of CO poisoning? (odorless, colorless, tasteless, non-irritating gas)
fire-related smoke inhalation
what type of bronchoscopy is the study/procedure of choice to identify FB's located in the lower airway below the vocal cords?
flexible
where are nasal foreign bodies typically located?
floor (near inferior turbinate) or superiorly just anterior to middle turbinate
what has been shown to decrease dental decay by 40%?
fluoridation of community water
what is the only antibiotic that is approved for topical administration in a ruptured TM in those with chronic OM?
fluorquinolones + dexamethasone
what should you let patients know may exacerbate discomfort in AOM?
flying
if an elderly patient has a chronic cough due to a distal obstruction what should you suspect?
foreign body (mimics PNA)
what may be required in infants less than 12 weeks with AOM?
full sepsis workup
which subtype of otitis externa most often presents with pruritus and otorrhea without much pain?
fungal OE
what has been the MC organism isolated in peri-tonsillar abscess?
fusobacterium necrophorum
what must be preserved in order for a cochlear implant to work?
ganglion cells
what is an adverse intraoral effect of CCB's?
gingival hyperplasia
what is phenytoin linked to?
gingival hyperplasia
what is seen in children that is characterized by fever, pharyngitis, and painful vesicular lesions that develop suddenly in which they have difficulty eating, drinking, and swallowing?
gingivostomatitis
what is characterized as a full thickness defect in the cornea and/or the sclera?
globe rupture
what should you expect in a patient who suffered blunt trauma with hemorrhagic chemises and a profoundly soft eye?
globe rupture
what is the first line intra-nasal treatment for someone with nasal polyps?
glucorticoids (fluticasone, budesonide, mometasone)
what can be done with the purulent drainage in someone with parotitis?
gram stain & culture
what is important for treatment in the workup of mastoiditis?
gram stain, C&S
what is destroyed within the inner ear in response to loud noises and that do not regenerate?
hair cells
what is the first step in performing the knee-to-knee examination of a child's mouth?
have caregiver hold child in a straddle position
what can barotrauma permanently lead to?
hearing loss
what should be reassessed after ear wax removal to rule out other causes?
hearing loss/ear pain
what type of hepatitis antibodies were present in a significantly high proportion of patients with both oropharyngeal and non-orophayngeal cancers?
hepatitis C
what should you tell your patient who undergoes surgical intervention to treat a cholesteatoma?
high rate of recurrence likely
what should you tell your patient that is undergoing surgery for a cholesteatoma?
high recurrence rate
what criteria am I describing: at least 50% lymphocytes and at least 10% atypical lymphocytes with fever, pharyngitis, and adenopathy and confirmed by positive serologic test?
hoaglands criteria (mono)
what type of nystagmus will a patient with peripheral vertigo experience?
horizontal +/- n, v
what is xanthelasma associated with?
hyperlipidemia
if a patient has a chief complaint of lightheadedness, what tests can be done?
hyperventilation/provocation test
when should lidocaine not be given with an external ear canal insect?
if TM ruptured
what is the treatment for someone with a corneal ulcer in which is an emergent ophthalmology consult?
if mild- single fluoroquinolone (cipro) if severe- cephalosporin or vanco + amino
how are HPV-positive tumors distinguished?
immunostaining for p16 protein
what should you tell your patient regarding their vertigo associated with labyrinthitis?
improves over 6 weeks
what is often the first sign of noise induced hearing loss?
inability to hear high pitched sounds (then sound distortion and muffling)
what are the complications of an auricular hematoma?
infection, cauliflower deformity
what is the pathway linking chronic periodontitis and other chronic medical conditions?
inflammation
what do 50% of patients with meniere's dz have?
inhalant/food allergies
in a patient who uses smokeless tobacco, what part of the oral cavity is especially important to examine?
inner aspects of lips/cheeks
what Is the MC external canal FB in an adult?
insects
what is the MCC of death in someone with malignant OE?
intracranial complications (hence why CN palsies mean worse prognosis)
what utilizes a fluorocarbothioate ester linkage at the 17th carbon position?
intranasal steroids
what does damage to the pupillary sphincter cause?
iridoplegia
if you are using a syringe or netipot to irrigate the nasal mucosa with warm saline, what type of solution should be used?
isotonic or hyerptonic
what sx can predominant in chronic OE?
itching
what is the treatment for an iris injury?
just treat major associated injuries
what is the most important function of the gauze when applying fluoride varnish to an infant?
keep teeth dry
the acute onset of continuous, severe vertigo accompanied by hearing loss, tinnitus, n, v, and gait instability most likely points to what dx?
labyrinthitis
what is inflammation of the labyrinth (cochlea and vestibular system)?
labyrinthitis
what otolaryngology subspecialty deals with diseases and injuries of the larynx and vocal cords to diagnose & treat swallowing dysfunction?
laryngology
patient comes in complaining of difficulty hearing in left ear. rinne reveals bone conduction >AC in that left ear. where would you expect weber to lateralize?
left bad ear
rinne test is AC >BC in both ears and then on weber sound lateralizes to the right side. what is the hearing abnormality?
left sided sensorineural hearing loss
suppurative parotitis can lead to parapharyngeal infection with the potential for septic jugular thrombophlebitis. what is this otherwise known as?
lemierre's syndrome
what is a patient asked to suck on for 2-3 minutes before a sialography to make the salivary duct opening conspicuous for cannulation?
lemon/secretory stimulant
trauma, marfan syndrome, homocystinuria, and syphilis are all risk factors for what?
lens dislocation
what is characterized by a crescent shape lens against the red reflex on slit lamp exam?
lens dislocation
what is required when the lens capsule is cut with a lens injury?
lensectomy
what labs would be seen with mastoiditis?
leukocytosis (left shift), elevated ESR & CRP
what presents as bright white patches on the oral mucosa that cannot be removed with rubbing (adherent)?
leukoplakia
what empiric abx can be given to adults with an auricular hematoma?
levofloxacin
what should be given to immobilize an insect in the external ear canal?
lidcoaine/mineral oil
what do alkali chemical injuries cause?
liquefaction necrosis
what medications may cause temporary hearing loss?
loop diuretics
how can a firm FB be removed mechanically from the external ear canal?
loop/hook
what can be given to those with meniere's dz for symptomatic relief of vertigo?
lorazepam/diazepam
what reduces the risk for caries in adults?
low sugar diet
how can soft objects such as foam rubber or those with irregular surfaces be removed from the external ear canal?
lucae bayonet or alligator forceps
what describes a tooth that is loss with some degree of lateral displacement?
luxation
what sex within the 5th to 6th decade is more predisposed to head and neck cancers?
males
on PE you see swelling and honey-colored crusting on the lobule of the ear with LAD, trismus, and CN involvement. what do you suspect?
malignant OE
what type of OE is considered to be necrotizing and is a medical emergency?
malignant OE
what type of OE occurs in those with DM or that are immunocompromised with persistent otorrhea, granular tissue in the canal, and deep otalgia +/- CN palsies Vl, Vll, lX, X, Xll)?
malignant OE
what is the preferred method for patients with a history of a TM rupture to remove cerumen?
manual removal
what is the surgical intervention for a cholesteatoma that includes creating a "mastoid bowl" when ear canal and mastoid are jointed into a large common cavity?
marsupialization of the sac
what is the surgical intervention for a cholesteatoma?
marsupialization of the sac
with sialadenitis, what may express pus from the respective intraoral orifice?
massage of gland
what do professionals that are speech pathologists/ therapists get?
masters (accredited by ASHA)
what is the treatment for refractory cases of mastoiditis?
mastoidectomy
what should be done if someone with mastoiditis does not see improvement in 48 hours with IV abx?
mastoidectomy
what pathogenesis is being described: organisms in middle ear spread into mastoid air cells creating inflammation & pressure and then bone erosion that may spread further?
mastoiditis
what is the sinus that is MC sinus affected with sinusitis?
maxillary
what guidance about teething should a PCP provide about that child who is teething?
may be fussy
what can be given to those with meniere's dz for symptomatic relief of nausea?
meclizine
which insurance has increased their coverage for professionals that are able to provide fluoride varnish, including PAs?
medicaid
anticoagulation, antibiotic prophylaxis, and opioid management are all tasks that may be managed by who?
medical & dental teams
what insurance company does not cover routine dental care?
medicare
what patho is being described: distortion/distention of membranous labyrinths causing increased fluid pressure causing tears in cochlear membranes?
meinere's dz
what does the triad of vertigo + sensorineural hearing loss + tinnitus represent?
meniere dz (+/- n,v)
if someone describes their tinnitus as low pitched, what should you suspect?
meniere's dz
what is otherwise known as endolymphatic hydrops?
meniere's dz
what is a rare cause of toxic optic neuropathy caused by chromium, cobalt, or nickel from a failed hip implant?
metallosis
what is the hallmark of AOM?
middle ear effusion
what is the MC location for benign nasal polyps?
middle meatus
what is the initial prodrome of mono?
mild flu like sx for 3-5 days
what is required by OSHA regarding noise-induced hearing loss?
monitoring length of exposure & decibel levels
fever, severe sore throat (pharyngitis), and LAD is the classic symptom triad for what?
mono
what am I describing: its a "syndrome" not a disease
mono
what is characterized by testing positive for strep, being put on an antibiotic (amoxicillin), and developing a maculopapular, urticarial, or petechial rash a few days later?
mono
what type of wheeze would be present with a tracheal FBA?
monophasic
what should you tell your patient with meniere dz regarding their hearing loss stabilizing?
most do after 10-20 yrs
what should you tell your patient with a TM perforation in regards to prognosis?
most heal spontaneously
what is the classic virus that causes non-suppurative parotitis?
mumps
what involves closing the pars tensa area of the TM for treatment of OM?
myringoplasty
what can be done for someone with barotrauma with severe otalgia and hearing loss that requires making a small TM perforation? not helpful for diving
myringotomy
what is the surgical intervention for those with AOM with severe pain or a complicated disease course?
myringotomy
what can be done for treatment with b/l OME & documented hearing loss, chronic OME w/ sx, or at risk kids whom OME is unlikely to resolve based on tympanogram?
myringotomy w/ tympanostomy tube placement
what sx are associated with lymphoma?
n, v, blurred vision, photophobia, pain
what can result from a septal hematoma?
nasal abscess
what is the most frequently fractured bone of the face?
nasal bone
what medication for allergic rhinitis stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in the arterioles of the nasal mucosa to produce vasoconstriction?
nasal decongestants
what is the treatment for AOM?
nasal decongestants + pain control + abx
what can be done by an otolaryngologist to evaluate the nasal structures including the nasopharynx with the ET?
nasal endoscopy
what are churg-strauss syndrome, asthma, and sensitivity to ASA all risk factors for?
nasal polyps
what are flesh/grey colored swellings that develop in the lining of the nose and paranasal sinuses (air filled spaced linked to the nasal cavity)?
nasal polyps
what is churg-strauss syndrome a risk factor for?
nasal polyps
what pathophysiology is being described: proliferation of fibroblasts/myoblasts allowing fluid to build in nose/sinus cells and gravity pulls on these?
nasal polyps
what is rare in the US but is one of the MC cancers in southern china that results from the epstein-barr virus?
nasopharyngeal
what should be done if an auricular hematoma is <2 cm or it has been less than 24-48 hours?
needle aspiration or IV catheter drainage (remove catheter 3-5 days later)
in ET dysfunction, air gets trapped and absorbed in the middle ear causing what type of environment?
negative pressure
what is the treatment for acute OE if the tympanic membrane is intact?
neomycin/polymyxinB/hydrocortisone
are there auditory sx with central vertigo?
no
do patients with chronic OM have pain?
no
if a pregnant patient with periodontitis is treated, does this decrease the risk of preterm birth?
no
is an audiologist a physician?
no
is an optometrist a physician?
no
what differentiates BPPV from meniere's?
no hearing loss
how do you differentiate between OE and OM?
no pain w/ auricular movement in OM
what is the MCC of hearing loss?
noise-induced hearing loss
what is a form of gangrene affecting the face that is usually caused by a bacterial infection and typically occurring in young children suffering from malnutrition or other disease?
noma
who does the association with HPV to oropharyngeal cancer seem to be the strongest in?
non-smokers
more foreign bodies are retrieved from where mores than from all the other aero-digestive tract sites combined?
nose
what should be done with an avulsed baby tooth?
not reimplanted
how is a pregnancy granuloma treated?
observation
in what type of ET disorder do the ET valves not open properly?
obstructive (dilatory)
what is the contraindication to primary closure of a facial laceration?
obvious inflammation
what is the treatment for someone with acute OE if the TM is not intact or not visualized/uncertain?
ofloxacin OR ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone
after removing the debris from the ear and preventing water entry into it, what topical antibiotics can be given for the management of a cholesteatoma?
ofloxacin, cipro
which provider would you consult in the case of medical & surgical eye care to diagnose general diseases of the body & treat ocular manifestations of systemic diseases?
ophthalmologist
if bitemporal hemianopia is noted on PE, where is the lesion located?
optic chiasm
what occupation fills the prescriptions that are furnished by an ophthalmologist and optometrist?
optician
which professional is most likely to help fit someone for eyeglasses and contacts?
optician
who is not a physician but can prescribe glasses/contacts and can prescribe medications to treat certain eye problems & diseases?
optometrist
what is the outpatient treatment for auricular perichondritis?
oral abx + fu in 48 hrs
what are the 3 parts of the "etiology triad" of early childhood caries?
oral bacteria, dietary sugars & enamel vulnerable to demineralization
what should irrigation not be done for with an external canal FB?
organic FB's (they will swell)
what disease is bimodal peaking in children less than 1 y/o and in adults greater than 75 years old?
oropharyngeal FB
what is characterized as literally "straight bite"?
orthognathic
what findings make antibiotics appropriate for all ages with AOM?
otalgia that is severe or lasting at least 2 days, or >102.2 F temp
what are the MC effects following cerumen removal?
otalgia, bleeding, laceration & perforation of TM
what is inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal?
otitis externa
what type of hear issue presents with pain on movement of the tragus or auricle?
otitis externa
what condition arises from either an obstructed TM or an incomplete resolution of otitis media?
otitis media w/ effusion
who is a physician with medical and surgical training specializing in the evaluation, management, and treatment of disorders of the ear, nose, throat, and associated structures?
otolaryngologist
who makes more: otolaryngology or ophthalmology?
otolaryngology
are there more physicians specialized in ophthalmology or otolaryngology?
otolaryngology (a lot more)
what is a property of chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin, carboplatin, and bleomycin?
ototoxic
what work environment are dentists predominantly in?
outpatient practice
what is the hallmark of otitis externa?
pain on movement of tragus/auricle
the primary infection of HSV-1 is relatively asymptomatic. after the primary infection/reactivation there are prodromal sx that include what?
pain, burning, tingling, pruritus
what imaging should be done in the setting of a mandibular fracture?
panorex or CT
patients with what conditions may find oral hygiene and dental care to be physically or behaviorally challenging?
parkinsons, arthritis, autism, Down syndrome
what glands are more likely to become inflamed due to infectious and autoimmune reasons?
parotid
what is the MC affected salivary gland with acute sialadenitis?
parotid
what is the largest of the salivary glands and produces 2/3 of the stimulated salivation (serous, watery) but a lower rate of secretion?
parotid gland
in what type of ET disorder, does the valve stay open?
patulous
what size amount of low fluoride tooth paste should be used at 2 y/o?
pea size
what profession would you call to specialize in a child's ENT case?
ped's otolaryngologist
what is a collection of purulent material between the tonsillar capsule and the superior constrictor, and platopharyngeus muscles?
peri-tonsillar abscess
what type of vertigo has a sudden onset with tinnitus and hearing loss, with n, v and +/- horizontal nystagmus?
peripheral
patient presents with a contralateral deflection of a swollen uvula with displacement of an infected tonsil with a muffled "hot potato" voice. what do you suspect?
peritonsilar abscess
who is tinnitus more common in?
phenotypic males
in the case of a facial laceration, what can identify most radiopaque foreign bodies such as glass, metal, and rock?
plain radiographs
what are patients with dementia at high risk for?
poor oral health
what type of epistaxis is usually seen in the elderly and is associated with hypertension and atherosclerosis?
posterior
what do seborrhea and acne rosacea cause?
posterior blepharitis
which part of the semicircular canal does dislodged otolith usually get trapped in disrupting the endolymph movement in BPPV?
posterior canal
where is adenopathy noted symmetrically usually in those with mono?
posterior cervical chain
where on the Tongue does cancer typically grow?
posterolateral border
what is progressive damage to the hair cells and the ganglion cells causing sensorineural hearing loss?
presbycusis
there are two distinct staging systems that have been developed for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. what are they?
presence/absence of p16 protein
what can an expanding hematoma cause to the cartilage of the nose?
pressure-induced avascular necrosis
what condition is associated with periodontal disease?
preterm labor
what is the cornerstone of management for chronic OM?
prevention (prompt tx of AOM)
what is the MC form of a cholesteatoma?
primary acquired
what type of cholesteatoma is being described: ET dysfunction leads to negative pressure and then a retraction pocket in which part of the TM gets pulled into the ear canal?
primary acquired
what is the preferred treatment for a facial laceration?
primary closure
what are the thickness of the central cornea, size of the optic nerve & optic nerve cup relative to overall size of the nerve risk factors for?
primary open angle glaucoma
what is seen in viral parotitis (non-supparative) characterized by acute b/l swelling lasting 5-10 days?
prodrome period
what can be used as nasal wetting agents for someone with allergic rhinitis?
propylene, polyethylene glycol
after urgently consulting ophtho, what is the treatment for a globe rupture?
protective shield, HOB 45 degrees, analgesics, antiemetics, IV abx (vanco + ceftazidime)
what organism is likely responsible for malignant OE in which the infection has invaded the surrounding soft tissue and bone?
pseudomonas
who requires bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis?
pt's w/ prosthetic valves
what conditions worsen gingivitis?
puberty, menopause, OCP's, pregnancy
what type of tinnitus may indicate a vascular abnormality such as vase-occlusive dz, AVM, or aneurysm?
pulsatile
what type of tinnitus sounds like listening to own heartbeat associated with conductive hearing loss?
pulsatile
what is characterized as the pupil pointing towards the site of perforation and/or rupture?
pupil peaking
what is done to evaluate hearing loss in the setting of ET dysfunction?
pure tone audiometry
what is the hallmark of chronic OM?
purulent discharge
what are most FB's? (hence why plain radiographs are not routinely needed/helpful)
radiolucent
what is a complication of a hyphema?
rebleeding
what happens to the gingiva in someone that is aging?
recedes
what is a risk factor for mastoiditis?
recurrent AOM
if there is fluid >3 months, damage to the TM, or speech delay in those with OME, what should be done?
refer to ENT
how should dentures be cared for?
removed/ cleaned daily
what does flashing lights or curtain veil indicate?
retinal detachment
what is a non-suppurative sequela of GAS pharyngitis?
rheumatic fever
what is it called when nasal decongestant sprays such as oxymetazoline used for several days of regular use leads to rebound nasal congestion as the med wears off leading to more frequent use for relief?
rhinitis medicamentosa
what is inflammation of the sinuses with concurrent inflammation of the nasal mucosa?
rhinosinusitis
what is the MC site of aspiration?
right mainstem bronchus
what type of bronchoscopy is used to identify a FB in the upper airway above the vocal cords?
rigid
in the management of a septal hematoma, an incision is made. how is the mucoperichondrium excised allowing for placement of the Penrose drain?
ring forceps
what is the MCC bacterial cause of acute sialadenitis?
s. aureus
how do mothers with caries pass caries causing bacteria onto their infant early in life?
saliva transmission
what type of triggers should patient's with Ménière's disease avoid?
salt, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, MSG, allergens
what type of cholesteatoma is being described: TM rupture followed by squamous epithelium migrate and accumulate into the inner ear?
secondary acquired
infection such as CMV, hepatitis, rubella, toxoplasmosis, HIV, syphilis, genetics, OR teratogens like rec drug use, ETOH, quinine, retinoic acid causing insult to the developing cochlea would cause what type of HL?
sensorineural
what type of hearing loss is age related?
sensorineural
what type of hearing loss is d/t inner ear or brain pathology w/ loss of sensory hair cells in the organ of corti?
sensorineural
what type of hearing loss is from medications, noise trauma, & autoimmune dz?
sensorineural
what type of hearing loss would result from an abnormality of CNVlll or central auditory pathways via tumors or vascular damage?
sensorineural
what is the inability to transduce sound information d/t abnormality of or damage within the inner ear structures or central auditory pathway?
sensorineural HL
if someone describes their tinnitus as high pitched and continuous what should you suspect?
sensorineural HS & cochlear injuries
what can a cholesteatoma eventually lead to?
sensorineural hearing loss
what can autoimmune diseases cause such as RA, SLE, and cogan's syndrome?
sensorineural hearing loss
on speculum or otoscopic exam of the nose, you see asymmetry of the septum with a bluish/ reddish fluctuance. what do you suspect?
septal hematoma
what laboratory value will be elevated in someone with parotitis?
serum amylase
what patient populations on occasion need dental extractions performed under general anesthesia requiring an OR?
severely disabled (cerebral palsy was ex)
what guidance. should you give a pregnant women about dental XR's during her pregnancy?
should be taken as necessary to reach appropriate dx
what is characterized as infection of the salivary glands including the parotid and submandibular?
sialadenitis
what is retrograde bacterial contamination from the oral cavity thought to be the inciting etiology for?
sialadenitis
what technique is performed in the workup of parotitis in which control images are taken with the patient supine to assess for radiopaque calculi with lateral oblique and anteroposterior views?
sialography
what are two etiologies of a spontaneous hyphema?
sickle cell, anticoagulation
what is the MC site for recurrent carries in the elderly?
site of previous restoration (filling)
what is the disadvantage of cromolyn?
slow onset of efficacy, multiple dosing daily
what is a huge modifiable risk factor for macular degeneration?
smoking
which professional diagnoses, treats, and prevents speech (stutter, lisp), language and swallowing disorders creating therapy plans?
speech pathologist/ therapist
which professional performs screenings to detect voice, speech, or swallowing disorders?
speech pathologist/therapist
posterior epistaxis generally arises from the posterior nasal cavity via what branches?
sphenopalatine arteries (woodruff's plexus)
what type of tinnitus is a clicking sound along with popping and a fluttering feeling in the ear associated with a middle ear spasm?
staccato
what can be done in the case of otosclerosis to treat conductive HL?
stapedectomy
what is the scope of medical care that can be provided by an optometrist determined by?
state
what intervention can be done in acoustic neuroma to preserve the hearing and facial nerve function for older pt's or those at high surgical risk?
stereotactic radiotherapy (focused)
what may be given intratympanically in cases of Meniere's that are refractory?
steroids or gentamicin
what is contraindicated with a corneal ulcer?
steroids, eye patch
what is the MCC of amblyopia?
strabismus
what type of tinnitus can only the patient hear?
subjective
what salivary gland is made up of multiple smaller glands with very small ducts without a dominant duct?
sublingular glands
what gland houses the Wharton duct?
submandibular
which salivary gland produces 2/3 of the constant salivation (mucinous & watery)
submandibular
which salivary glands are more likely to become inflamed by obstructive processes like stones?
submandibular glands
what should pregnant patients avoid between meals?
sugary drinks & snacks
what is indicated in recurrent nasal polyps despite both intranasal and oral glucorticoids for severe/ refractory disease?
surgery
what is the definitive treatment for someone with OM?
surgery to remove infected tissue that is stuck in the middle ear/mastoid
if there is no response to hydration and IV abx with parotitis in 48 hours, what should be done?
surgical I&D
why might a CT be done in someone with sialadenitis?
surgical planning
the ET is closed except for during what actions?
swallowing, yawning
what can a pregnant woman do after vomiting to reduce the risk of enamel erosion?
swish w/ baking soda & water
what is the mainstay of treatment for mono?
symptomatic -NSAIDs
what bone is affected first by malignant OE in which a CT would be done to evaluate for?
temporal (then petrous apex, mastoid)
what should you do before prescribing supplemental fluoride?
test water source's fluoride level
who is barotrauma more likely to occur in?
those w/ poor ET function
after treating someone with diphtheria how many consecutive throat cultures are needed without the organism present?
three
what is the perception of sound in the absence of external stimuli?
tinnitus
those with labyrinthitis will have gait instability, causing them to fall which way?
to affected side
in unilateral conductive hearing loss, on weber where is the sound referred?
to impaired ear
why should you refer your patient with a chipped tooth to the dentist?
to smooth or restore chip
what is the most important RF for head and neck cancers?
tobacco
what is the most important risk factor for head and neck cancers?
tobacco (dose-dependent)
what is the MC oral cancer?
tongue
in what area of the mouth is oral cancer MC?
tongue (posterolateral)
what are the common sites for the development of oral cancer?
tongue, floor of mouth, lower lip
what are patients with tongue piercings at an increased risk for?
tooth fractures
what should mild cases of acute diffuse otitis externa ("swimmer's ear) be treated with?
topical abx (oral for more complicated cases)
how do you treat angular cheilitis?
topical antifungals
what is responsible for promoting remineralization & inhibiting demineralization?
topical fluoride
what causes iridodialysis?
torn iris root
with dix-hallpike maneuver in those with BPPV, which way is the nystagmus?
torsional & upbeat towards affected side
what do the toxic metabolites within automative coolant, antifreeze, de-icers, windshield wiper fluid, and cleansers cause?
toxic optic neuritis
what is characterized by acute vision loss w/ b/l optic disc swelling and ceco-central scotomas (extend from central vision to natural blind spot) that is often painful?
toxic optic neuritis
what is an indication for hospitalization of an adult with facial cellulitis?
tracking of swelling into neck
what are the clinical features of BPPV?
transient vertigo <1 min w/ nystagmus triggered by changes in head position
what can cause development of recurrent aphthous ulcers?
trauma, nutritional deficiencies, autoimmune dz's
how should an oral abscess be treated during the first trimester of pregnancy?
treated/removed under local anesthesia immediately
T or F: AOM resolves w/o abx in up to 80% of kids?
true
in order to diagnose meniere's dz a patient must have tinnitus/aural fullness with how many episodes of vertigo?
two >/= 20 mins
what type of audiometric evaluation is done for ET dysfunction that measures the middle ear pressure?
tympanogram
what can be done to repair the TM in the case of conductive hearing loss?
tympanoplasty
what is the surgical intervention that is done to repair TM perforation and that involves reconstruction of tympanic membrane and ossicular chain?
tympanoplasty
what is the last resort for dilatory ET dysfunction?
tympanostomy tubes
what can drain fluid and air in the case of conductive hearing loss?
tympanovstomy tubes
are most vestibular schwannoma's unilateral or b/l?
unilateral
what type of wheeze would be present with a mainstem or lobar foreign body?
unilateral wheeze
because caries are most likely to affect the teeth that emerge first and are least protective, which teeth are most at risk?
upper incisors
if someone with AOM begins to develop frank swelling over the mastoid or cranial neuropathies, what is required?
urgent care
what is an absolute contraindication for placing dental implants?
use of IV bisphosphonates
what can be done if early TM retractions are noted to prevent cholesteatoma?
ventilation
what type of nystagmus will a patient with central vertigo experience?
vertical
what is a cardinal symptom of vestibular disease?
vertigo
what is the sensation of motion when there is none?
vertigo
what in the treatment of labyrinthitis improves the recovery rate and overall disability reduction by using gaze stabilization & balance exercises?
vestibular rehab
what type of conjunctivitis is associated with copious watery discharge and pre auricular adenopathy?
viral
what type of parotitis does not cause a purulent discharge from stensen's duct?
viral
what establishes the diagnosis for a nasal FB?
visualization of it
what is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children worldwide?
vitamin A deficiency
what three vitamins affect vision and thus should be checked in a patient w/ unexplained b/l central scotomas and optic pallor?
vitamin A, B12, thiamine
what is the treatment for OME?
watchful waiting (meds not helpful)
what should workers that are exposed to any single impulse noise level exceeding 140 dBA or those whose 8 hr TWA exposure exceeds 100 dBA do according to NIOSH?
wear double hearing protection (i.e., earplugs & earmuffs)
what type of fillings are preferred during pregnancy?
white resin composites
what represents the first clinical sign of dental caries?
white spots & lines
an avulsed permanent tooth (true dental emergency) should be reimplanted when?
within 1 hr
what color do the teeth become with aging?
yellow
are sublingual varicosities a normal finding In the above 65 age group?
yes
is NIHL preventable?
yes
who are dentists often less comfortable with treating?
young children, pregnant women, or adults w/ special needs