HEPR205 Exam 3

Yesterday, Abigial consumed 50 μg of natural food folate and 100 μg of synthetic folate. How many dietary folate equivalents (DFEs) did Abigail consume? 300 DFE 150 DFE 220 DFE 340 DFE

220 DFE

A deficiency of vitamin ________ results in deterioration of epithelial cells. A B-12 B-6 K

A

Which of the fat-soluble vitamins are involved in growth and development? A and E A and D D and K E and K

A and D

Soil is a primary source of minerals. As such, optimizing the mineral content of soil can ultimately be beneficial to an individual consuming plant and/or animal foods grown or produced in a certain area. Which of the following is a recommendation for optimizing the nutrient content of soil through sustainable farming practices? - All of these choices are correct. - Using crop waste or animal manure as fertilizer - Collecting and channeling rain water for use in irrigation - Rotating crops - Tilling or plowing the land to prevent soil erosion

All of these choices are correct

Which of the following are signs or symptoms of cystic fibrosis? Chronic cough with significant mucus accumulation Foul-smelling feces that contain mucus Abdominal pain, bloating, and gassiness All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct

Having adequate vitamin D in the body may reduce a person's risk for _______. depression multiple sclerosis All of these choices are correct. heart disease

All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following foods contains the highest amount of vitamin E per serving? Almonds (1 oz) Peanuts (1 oz) Mango (1 raw) Sardines (3 oz)

Almonds (1 oz)

Which of the following foods is NOT a good source of calcium? - Low-fat milk - Baked chicken - Turnip greens - Ricotta cheese

Baked chicken

Which of the following foods is the best source of potassium? Low-fat milk Kiwi Ground beef Baked potato

Baked potato

Which of the following cooking methods can result in significant losses of water-soluble vitamins? - Boiling in a saucepan of water - Steaming in a vegetable steamer - Microwaving in little or no water - Stir-frying in a small amount of oil

Boiling in a saucepan of water

Which of the following foods is the best source of chromium? Broccoli Enriched white bread Corn oil Butter

Broccoli

________ is important for fatty acid metabolism. Taurine Lipoic acid Choline Carnitine

Carnitine

________ is the primary anion found in extracellular fluid. Sodium Potassium Magnesium Chloride

Chloride

Which of the following is not a vitamin, but rather a vitamin-like compound? Choline Biotin Thiamin Riboflavin

Choline

Which of the following foods provides the most phosphorus? Tuna, light, canned in water, 3 oz Cottage cheese, 2% fat, 1 cup Cheddar cheese, 1 oz Hummus, 1/2 cup

Cottage cheese, 2% fat, 1 cup

Vitamin ________ protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by free radicals. K B-12 E D

E

Which of the following statements is FALSE? -It is easier for the body to eliminate water-soluble vitamins compared to fat-soluble vitamins. -Fat-soluble vitamins are generally more toxic than water-soluble vitamins. -Vitamins A, D, E, and K are digested and absorbed with fats in the gastrointestinal tract. -Energy metabolism is an important function of fat-soluble vitamins.

Energy metabolism is an important function of fat-soluble vitamins.

Which vitamins are important as methyl donors in homocysteine metabolism? Folate and vitamin B-12 Vitamin B-6 and vitamin C Vitamin A and folate Vitamin B-12 and biotin

Folate and vitamin B-12

Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D? Processed luncheon meats Enriched breads and cereals Fortified dairy products Fresh fruits

Fortified dairy products

Which of the following foods is NOT a good source of vitamin E? Almonds Canola oil Grilled chicken Sunflower seeds

Grilled chicken

Which form of iron is more readily absorbed in the human intestinal tract? Heme iron Nonheme iron There is no difference between absorption of heme and nonheme iron

Heme iron

Erika takes megadoses of vitamin B-6 because she thinks it benefits her health. After learning about this vitamin in your nutrition class, which of the following statements about vitamin B-6 would be the most accurate information to tell her? - Megadoses of vitamin B-6 can result in calcification of soft tissues. - Women who take megadoses of vitamin B-6 are healthier than those who do not take such high doses of vitamin. - Vitamin B-6 is the least toxic of the B vitamins. - Ingesting large doses of vitamin B-6 can cause nerve damage.

Ingesting large doses of vitamin B-6 can cause nerve damage.

________ must be added to grains during the enrichment process. Magnesium Zinc Iron Calcium

Iron

Which of the following foods is the best source of vitamin K? Kale Canola oil Oats Grapefruit

Kale

Which of the following minerals may have a physiological role, but more research is necessary to determine whether it is essential? - Lithium - Selenium - Magnesium - Zinc

Lithium

Sulfur is a component of which two amino acids? Tryptophan and valine Methionine and cysteine Phenylalanine and aspartic acid Leucine and glutamic acid

Methionine and cysteine

Felicity's LDL cholesterol level is too high. To lower her cholesterol level, she took large doses of a certain vitamin supplement, but she experienced severe facial flushing as a result. Based on this information, which vitamin did she take? Vitamin C Riboflavin Vitamin B-12 Niacin

Niacin

________, as part of NAD and NADP, is important for energy metabolism. Pantothenic acid Niacin Folate Riboflavin

Niacin

Which of the following food items contains the least biotin? Beef liver Orange juice Peanuts Sunflower seeds

Orange juice

Which of the following vitamins is a component of coenzyme A? Ascorbic acid Pantothenic acid Riboflavin Vitamin K

Pantothenic acid

Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight? Whole-wheat bread Peach Safflower oil Saltine crackers

Peach

Which of the following statements is true? Multiple Choice -People can survive for years by consuming formulas that contain all known vitamins. -Biotin is a vitamin-like substance for humans. -Vitamins are classified as being soluble in either alcohol or fat. -Scientists are conducting research on plants to discover more vitamins that are essential for human beings.

People can survive for years by consuming formulas that contain all known vitamins.

Which of the following minerals is NOT a trace mineral? Zinc Potassium Chromium Selenium

Potassium

Which of the following is NOT a common sign of dehydration? Dry or sticky mouth Rapid weight gain Confusion Sunken eyes

Rapid weight gain

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C? Chicken breast Greek yogurt Whole-wheat bagel Red peppers

Red peppers

________, found in FMN and FAD, is important for carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. Niacin Riboflavin Vitamin C Vitamin K

Riboflavin

A medical researcher is developing a formula for babies that simulates the composition of human breast milk. He wants to fortify the formula so it contains the RDA/AI amounts of all essential nutrients. One of the minerals that he wants to use in the formula has an RDA of 11 mg for infants. According to this information, how should he classify this mineral? Trace mineral Major mineral Minor mineral Electrolytic mineral

Trace mineral

A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients. She knows the RDA/AI for each mineral, one of which has an AI of 30 mg/day. How should she classify this particular mineral? Nonessential mineral Major mineral Possible essential mineral Trace mineral

Trace mineral

The term vitamin is derived from the term vitamine (vita = necessary for life; amine = a type of nitrogen-containing substance).

True

Lawrence wants to increase his zinc intake without relying on dietary supplements. Which of the following foods should he avoid eating, because they can interfere with intestinal absorption of zinc? Unleavened whole wheat breads Barbequed chicken wings Grilled hamburger on a bun Breaded, fried oysters

Unleavened whole wheat breads

Dental fluorosis is characterized by ________. - defective collagen production - keratinization and death of epithelial cells - abnormal changes in the -appearance of tooth enamel - immature red blood cells that lack hemoglobin

abnormal changes in the appearance of tooth enamel

Wilson's disease is characterized by the ________. liver's inability to store zinc and manganese abnormal accumulation of glucose in muscle cells accumulation of toxic amounts of copper in the liver, brain, kidneys, and eyes excessive release of calcium from bone tissue

accumulation of toxic amounts of copper in the liver, brain, kidneys, and eyes

Soil is a primary source of minerals. As such, optimizing the mineral content of soil can ultimately be beneficial to an individual consuming plant and/or animal foods grown or produced in a certain area. Which of the following is a recommendation for optimizing the nutrient content of soil through sustainable farming practices? Rotating crops All of these choices are correct. Using crop waste or animal manure as fertilizer Tilling or plowing the land to prevent soil erosion Collecting and channeling rain water for use in irrigation

all of these choices are correct

A team of chemists have isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from a rare kind of mushroom. The researchers determine that the chemical donates electrons to other substances in the environment that are missing electrons. Based on this information, the chemists are likely to have discovered a/an ________. antioxidant precursor amino acid auto-analyzing agent

antioxidant

A(n) ________ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals. cation oncogene antioxidant enzyme

antioxidant

A common role of B vitamins is that they ________. - are important as structural components of body cells - act as neurotransmitters - act as hormones - are important in energy metabolism as part of coenzymes

are important in energy metabolism as part of coenzymes

The thiamin-deficiency disease is known as ________. rickets pellagra beriberi Dengue fever

beriberi

Consuming too much avidin, a protein found in raw egg whites, may inhibit ________ absorption. folate thiamin biotin vitamin B-6

biotin

Which of the following food sources contains the least amount of heme iron? Hamburger Turkey Fish Black beans

black beans

Which of the following is not considered a key function of zinc? Sense of taste and smell Growth and development Wound healing Bone health

bone health

Which of the following minerals enhances the action of insulin? Aluminum Fluoride Selenium Chromium

chromium

Hypermagnesemia is associated with all of the following EXCEPT ________. taking dietary supplements diarrhea eating too much spinach use of antacids

eating too much spinach

Chloride is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ________. regulation of fluid balance production of stomach acid energy metabolism transmission of nerve impulses

energy metabolism

Sodium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ________. transmission of nerve impulses muscle contraction and relaxation energy metabolism regulation of fluid balance

energy metabolism

Parathyroid hormone ________. - Increases the body's rate of potassium excretion - enhances the body's ability to retain calcium - enables glucose to enter cells - signals osteoblasts to release calcium from bones

enhances the body's ability to retain calcium

The form of vitamin D found in plant foods is called _______. 7-dehydrocholesterol calcitriol ergocalciferol cholecalciferol

ergocalciferol

Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are rich sources of ________. iron folate thiamin vitamin B-12

folate

Which of the following vitamins is most important for red blood cell formation? Vitamin D Folate Vitamin C Thiamin

folate

The introduction of iodized salt in the 1920s dramatically reduced rates of ________ in the United States. goiter anemia hypogonadism pellagra

goiter

Jamal wants to lower his risk of colorectal cancer. To do so, you might recommend to Jamal that he _______. limits his intake of grilled meats drinks less water avoids drinking coffee reduces his fiber intake

limits his intake of grilled meats

Iodine is necessary for ________. - transporting proteins in lymph - carrying oxygen in blood - producing properly-formed collagen - maintaining normal thyroid function

maintaining normal thyroid function

Consuming too much rhubarb, which contains ________, can inhibit absorption of calcium in the GI tract. calcium reductase ascorbic acid phytic acid oxalic acid

oxalic acid

Kesha is lactose intolerant and avoids all dairy foods. She also doesn't like the taste of rice, soy, or almond milk so consumes very little calcium in her diet. As a result of her low calcium intake, ________ will be secreted in response to low blood calcium levels. calcitriol parathyroid hormone insulin calcitonin

parathyroid hormone

Foster consumes about 350 g of protein daily, mostly in the form of meat and amino acid supplements. He does not use vitamin/mineral supplements, and he eats very few fruits, vegetables, and grains. Based on this information, Foster's diet lacks ________. potassium sodium calcium phosphorus

potassium

Felipe wants to lower his risk of cancer. According to scientific studies, consuming ________ may increase risk of this chronic disease and, therefore, Felipe might limit in his diet to lower his risk of cancer. onions processed meats brussels sprouts citrus fruit

processed meats

In the human body, water is involved in ________. regulating body temperature protecting DNA from oxidizing agents providing energy for physical activities making mineral nutrients

regulating body temperature

Christine loves to eat Brazil nuts and canned oysters. These food items are rich sources of ________. folate selenium vitamin C magnesium

selenium

Consuming too much selenium results in ________. cardiomyopathy selenosis Keshan disease Kashin-Beck disease

selenosis

To conserve the vitamin content of foods,

stir-fry instead boil

Sulfur is a component of all of the following EXCEPT ________. the amino acids tryptophan and valine keratin and collagen the vitamins biotin and thiamin the antioxidant glutathione

the amino acids tryptophan and valine

In the United States, about one in _______ adults has hypertension. - four - three - two - five

three

Phosphorus is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ________. - regulation of acid-base balance - transmission of nerve impulses - activation of enzymes and hormones necessary for energy metabolism - synthesis of DNA and RNA

transmission of nerve impulses

Scientists are uncertain whether ________ is an essential mineral for humans. -magnesium - chromium - vanadium - potassium

vanadium

Compared to other water-soluble vitamins, the body can store large amounts of ________. vitamin B-12 thiamin vitamin C riboflavin

vitamin B-12

In the United States, newborns receive an injection of ________ to prevent ________. thiamin; beriberi niacin; pellagra vitamin C; collagen breakdown vitamin K; bleeding

vitamin K; bleeding

Which of the following foods is NOT a good source of magnesium? Chocolate Leafy greens Beans White bread

white bread