HESI 2

17. Convert to military time: 4:25:20 P.M. • 1604:20 hours • 1625:20 hours • 2025:20 hours • 1325:20 hours

1625:20 hours Step 1: Since the time is P.M., we need to add 12 to obtain the hours. 4 + 12 = 16 Step 2: Write as military time. Note that military time has a colon (:) separating minutes and seconds only. 1625:20 hours.

13. Jalisa buys 4 scrubs for $24.80. How much will it cost Jalisa to buy 7 scrubs? • $42.80 • $48.40 • $43.40 • $38.80

Answer: $43.40 This is a proportion/ratio problem. We have 4 scrubs for $24.80, so 7 for how much money? We can write that as a proportion: 4: 24.8 :: 7: x Step 1: Rewrite the proportion as a fraction. Step 2: Cross multiply. Step 3: Simplify the right side of the equation. 24.8 × 7 = 173.6. Step 4: Simplify by dividing both sides of the equation by 28. NurseHub Hint: When rewriting word problem proportions into fractions, you can choose which component (dollars or number of scrubs) goes in the numerator and which goes in the denominator. Just make sure that you arrange them the same on both sides of the equation. Either of the following setups would be correct:

7. Solve for m: −6 = 4m − 2 • -1 • 1 • -2 • 2

Answer: -1 −6 = 4m − 2 Step 1: Simplify by adding 2 to both sides. −6 + 2 = 4m − 2 + 2 −4 = 4m Step 2: Simplify by dividing both sides by 4. −4 ÷ 4 = 4m ÷ 4 −1 = m NurseHub Hint: When adding a positive number to a negative number, take the difference of the two numbers and keep the sign of the larger number. The difference between 6 and 2 is 4. Since 6 is the larger number, we keep the sign of that number, which is negative.-6 + 2 = -4

1. Change 13⁄25 to a decimal. If rounding is necessary, round to the nearest hundredths place.

Answer: 0.52 Step 1: The denominator (25) is a factor of 100. We can multiply the denominator and numerator by 4, making this problem much simpler. Step 2: Simplify. 13 × 4 = 52 and 25 × 4 = 100 Step 3: Simplify. 52/100 = 0.52 NurseHub Hint: You can use a calculator on the HESI. To convert a fraction to a decimal, divide the numerator by the denominator and then round. 13 ÷ 25 = 0.52

8. A patient's urinary drainage bag denotes a total of 480 milliliters of fluid. How many pints of clear fluids must the patient drink in order to replenish their fluid output? (Enter numerical values only)

Answer: 1 We can solve this problem using dimensional analysis. Here are the measurement conversions we will need to know: • 1 pint = 2 cups • 1 cup = 8 ounces • 1 ounce = 30 ml Step 1: 30 milliliters equals 1 ounce, so 480 milliliters equals 16 ounces. Step 2: 8 ounces equals 1 cup, so 16 ounces equals 2 cups. Step 3: Two cups equals 1 pint, which is our answer. NurseHub Hint: In dimensional analysis, the unit that you want to convert to goes on the top of the fraction. The unit you want to convert from goes on the bottom.

5. Add: 11⁄14 + 2⁄7 + 13⁄28 = • 26⁄49 • 13⁄21 • 1 28⁄43 • 1 15⁄28

Answer: 1 15⁄28 Step 1: Find the Least Common Denominator (LCD). There are two ways we can do this: Method 1: Find the first common multiple. List out all multiples of each denominator and find the first common one. Multiples of 14 : 14, 28, ... Multiples of 7 : 7, 14, 21, 28, ... Multiples of 28 : 28, ... Therefore, the LCD is 28. Method 2: Prime Factors. List all prime factors of each denominator and find the union of these primes. Prime factors of 14 : 2, 7 Prime factors of 7 : 7 Prime factors of 28 : 2, 2, 7 Therefore, the LCD is 2 × 2 × 7 = 28. LCD = 28 Step 2: Make the denominators the same as the LCD. Step 3: Simplify. The denominators are now the same. Step 4: Join the denominators. Step 5: Simplify. Step 6: Convert to a mixed number. NurseHub Hint: To convert to a mixed fraction, we divide the numerator by the denominator. The quotient is the whole number. Any remainder stays in the numerator.

10. How many grams are in a kilogram? • 100 • 1,000 • 1/100 • 1/1,000

Answer: 1,000 There are 1,000 grams in a kilogram. Here are some other metric length conversions to remember: • kilometer = 1,000 meters • meter = 100 centimeters • 1 centimeter = 10 millimeters • 2.54 centimeters = 1 inch

6. A hospital has 4 different sized rooms containing a different number of beds as follows: • Single rooms: 125 rooms, 1 bed • Double rooms: 75 rooms, 2 beds • Large rooms: 115 rooms, 5 beds • X-Large rooms: 15 rooms, 25 beds How many beds are in the hospital? (Enter numerical values only) •

Answer: 1,225 This problem can be solved by calculating the number of beds in each size room, then adding each of those products together to find the total. Step 1: Calculate the number of beds for each room size by multiplying the number of beds by the number of rooms. Single rooms: 125 x 1 = 125 Double rooms: 75 x 2 = 150 Large rooms: 115 x 5 = 575 X-Large rooms: 15 x 25 = 375 Step 2: Calculate the total number of beds in the hospital by adding the products from step 1. 125 + 150 + 575 + 375 = 1,225 Answer: 1,225

14. Subtract: 31⁄36 - 5⁄9 = • 1⁄3 • 26⁄27 • 11⁄36 • 13⁄18

Answer: 11⁄36 Step 1: Find the Least Common Denominator (LCD). There are two ways we can do this: Method 1: Find the first common multiple. List out all multiples of each denominator and find the first common one. Multiples of 36 : 36, ... Multiples of 9 : 9, 18, 27, 36, ... Therefore, the LCD is 36. Method 2: Prime Factors. List all prime factors of each denominator, and find the union of these primes. Prime factors of 36 : 2, 2, 3, 3 Prime factors of 9 : 3, 3 Therefore, the LCD is 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 36 LCD = 36 Step 2: Make the denominators the same as the LCD. Step 3: Simplify. The denominators are now the same. Step 4: Join the denominators. Step 5: Simplify

2. What temperature in Celsius is 54°Fahrenheit (Enter numerical values only. If rounding is necessary round off to the nearest whole number.)

Answer: 12 Step 1: Use the following formula to convert temperature from °F to °C: Step 2: Substitute °F with the value we are converting from. Step 3: Simplify inside the parentheses. 54 - 32 = 22 Step 4: Simplify. 22 × 5/9 = 12.22 Step 5: Round to the nearest whole number. 12.22 → 12

11. What is 8 out of 64 as a percent? • 10.5% • 8% • 16% • 12.5%

Answer: 12.5% Step 1: Rewrite the problem using the percent formula. The percent formula is below: We are looking for percent, so that is where we will put x. Step 2: Cross multiply. Step 3: Simplify the right side of the equation. 8 × 100 = 800. Step 3: Simplify by dividing both sides of the equation by 64. NurseHub Hint: You can replace the phrase "out of" with a fraction line. So, 8 out of 64 → 8/64. This line also means "divide". Using yourcalculator, divide 8 by 64 to get 0.125. To turn any decimal into a percent, simply move the decimal two spaces to the right and add the percent sign. 0.125 → 12.5%

9. A patient complaining of restlessness drinks 5 12-oz cups of coffee each day. If the doctor recommends cutting the coffee intake back by 60%, how many ounces of coffee can the patient have each day? • 42 • 36 • 32 • 24

Answer: 24 We can solve this problem by calculating how many ounces of coffee the patient drinks each day, and then calculating how many ounces they are allowed to drink. Since we are told they need to cut back 60%, this means they are allowed to drink 100% - 60% = 40% of their current daily intake. Step 1: Calculate the total number of ounces of coffee the patient currently drinks. 5 cups × 12 ounces = 60 ounces Step 2: Use the percent formula to calculate how much of the current 60 ounces the patient is allowed to drink. The percent formula is below: We know that the current "whole" is 60 oz. We also know that, since they need to cut back by 60%, they are only permitted to drink 100% - 60% = 40% of the current whole value. We are searching for "part", so that is where we will place our x. Step 3: Cross multiply. Step 4: Simplify the right side of the equation. 60 × 40 = 2,400. Step 5: Simplify by dividing both sides of the equation by 100. NurseHub Hint: Read the problem carefully. Many people fall into the trap of solving for 60%. However, this is how much the patient needs to cut back, not how much they are allowed to drink, which is what the problem asks.

12. Solve the proportion: 127.5: 17 :: 187.5: x • 50 • 5.0 • 25 • 2.5

Answer: 25 Step 1: Rewrite the proportion as a fraction. Step 2: Cross multiply. Step 3: Simplify the right side of the equation. 187.5 x 17 = 3187.5 Step 4: Simplify by dividing both sides of the equation by 127.5.

15. A patient has a 45-day prescription for a medication. If they have taken the medication for 16 days how many days of the prescription are left? ______________ (Enter numerical values only)

Answer: 29 This problem can be solved by subtracting the days that have passed (16) from the total days called for by the prescription (45). Step 1: Set up long subtraction: Step 2: Since 5 is less than 6, borrow 1 from the next column. 5 becomes 15 and 4 becomes 3. Step 3: Calculate 15 - 6 = 9 Step 4: Calculate 3 - 1 = 2

4. Solve the proportion 12: x :: 64: 16 • 3.5 • 30 • 35 • 3

Answer: 3 Step 1: Rewrite the proportion as a fraction. Step 2: Cross multiply. Step 3: Simplify the right side of the equation. 12 x 16 = 192. Step 4: Simplify by dividing both sides of the equation by 64.

3. Subtract: 65.22 - 16.091 = • 49.192 • 49.129 • 48.931 • 48.31

Answer: 49.129 Step 1: Set up long subtraction. Make sure to stack the decimals. Add a trailing zero to the top number as a place holder. Step 2: Subtract from right to left. Since 0 is less than 1, borrow 1 from the next column. The 2 becomes 1 and the 0 becomes 10. Calculate 10 - 1 = 9. Step 3: Since 1 is less than 9, borrow 1 from the next column. The 2 becomes 1 and the 1 becomes 11. Calculate 11 - 9 = 2. Step 4: Calculate 1 - 0 = 1. Step 5: Since 5 is less than 9, borrow 1 from the next column. The 6 becomes 5 and the 5 becomes 15. Calculate 15 - 6 = 9. Step 6: Calculate 5 - 1 = 4.

16. Multiply: 3 1⁄4 × 1 2⁄3 = • 3 3⁄7 • 5 19⁄20 • 3 1⁄6 • 5 5⁄12

Answer: 5 5⁄12 Step 1: Convert 3 1⁄4 and 1 2⁄3 to improper fractions to make multiplication easier. Use the rule a b/c = (ac + b)/c to convert a mixed number to an improper fraction. In words, you multiply the denominator (bottom number) by the whole number and then add the numerator. Put that number over the denominator to create the improper fraction. Step 2: Simplify: Step 3: Use this rule: a/b × c/d = ac/bd to multiply fractions. Step 4: Simplify. 13 × 5 = 65 and 4 × 3 = 12. Step 5: Convert to a mixed fraction. To convert to a mixed fraction, we divide the numerator by the denominator. The quotient is the whole number. Any remainder stays in the numerator.

1. What sentence is grammatically correct? A. The little girl wanted he to read a story to her. B. The little girl wanted his to read a story to her. C.The little girl wanted him to read a story to her* D. The little girl wanted himself to read a story to her. 2. Select the word or phrase that will make the sentence grammatically correct. Within the ______________________ of the hospital, great emphasis is placed on calmness. A. Cafeteria B. Milieu* C. Metabolism D. Component 3. What is the best description for the term quotient? A. The minimum number of members needed to be present for a vote to be valid B. The protocol used when a sterile field must be maintained C. A math term naming the answer in a division question* D. The preferred inoculation site for a newborn infant 4. Select the word or phrase that will make the sentence grammatically correct.The nurse has a ________________ to the Journal of Nursing Education. A. Subscription B. Prescription* C. Recipe D. Receipt 5. Which statement uses a euphemism? A. The fireman bravely entered the burning building. B. The nurse told the family, "I'm sorry, your father has passed away."* C. The orderly was laughing about the patient's vomiting episode. D. Her husband was overjoyed when she told him she was pregnant. 6. Select the word or phrase that will identify the correct meaning of the underlined word. Progeny is a term used to describe a person's ____________. Discuss A. Creditors B. Offspring* C. Hereditary disease D. Health status 7. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The proliferation of resistant bacteria has alarmed medical professionals. A. Increase* B. Reduction C. Strength D. Appearance 8. What is the best description for the word laceration? A. The means by which nursing mothers produce milk for their babies B. A deep, ragged tear C. A medical term used to describe the removal of the tear ducts D. An intolerance of dairy products 9. Select the sentence that is grammatically correct. A. The nurse spoke to my sister and I about our mother's condition. B. The nurse spoke to my sister and me about our mother's condition. C. The nurse spoke to me and my sister about our mother's condition. D. The nurse spoke to I and my sister about our mother's condition. 10. The nurse noted in the chart, "The patient is lethargic." How was the patient behaving? A. Pacing the halls, yelling at the staff B. Difficult to arouse C. Shaking uncontrollably D. Not responding to painful stimuli 11. What is the best description for the word contraction? A. Spasm B. Decrease C. Treaty D. Moderate 12. What is another word for skull? A. Spine B. Ability C. Cranium D. Zygote 13. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. In medicine, the desired outcome is recovery. A. Expectation B. Analysis C. Wished for D. Diagnosis 14. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct. She has always been afraid of _____________ to the doctor. A. Have gone B. Going C. To go D. Go 15. What is the best description for the word distal? A. The part of the heart that receives blood from the lungs B. Urgent C. The part of the body farthest from the injury D. Empathetic 16. What is the best description for the term triage? A. The stand with three legs used to support an IV pump B. The order in which patients are to be treated C. The physician's prescription for a drug to be taken three times a day D. The shift for nursing duty beginning at 3 pm and ending at 11 pm 17. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct. I want __________ to sing. A. He B. His C. Him D. Himself 18. Which word means "the thickness of a liquid"? A. Viscosity B. Zygote C. Sublingual D. Adhesion 19. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The client's condition was exacerbated in the fall. A. Improved B. Made worse C. Eliminated D. Created a scar 20.Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.His skin was unevenly pigmented by the disease. A. Scarred B. Spotted C. Broken D.Colored 21. Select the word or phrase that will make the sentence grammatically correct.The patient asked the doctor to help him complete the ______________ needed to approve the surgery. A. From B. Form C. Pillow D. Syringe 22. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. His metabolism could not tolerate the new medication. A. Digestive system B. Processing reaction C. Respiratory rate D. Obesity 23. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct. She has lived in Texas ___________________ she was a child. A. Since B. For C. From D. During 24. What is the best description for the term combination? A. Putting two or more things together B. The beginning of a fire C. The reason for an action D. The change seen when a drug is administered 25. What is the best description for the term febrile? A. Mental incompetence B. Having a fever C. Pregnant D. Having clogged sinuses 26. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The medication will make the patient photosensitive. A. Unable to eat citrus fruit B.Easily burned when in direct sunlight C. Nauseated D. Impotent 27. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct. She had to choose ______________ five dresses for the party. A. After B. Among C. Between D. Before 28. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The nurse was keeping careful watch on the patient's respiration. A. Breathing B. Skin color C. Pulse D. Diet 29. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The nurse must asses the patient's symptoms. A. Choose the most life-threatening of B. Report to the health care provider about C. Observe and make note of D. Eliminate 30.Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The nurse discussed the diet plan with the patient. A. Regime B. Regimen C. Supposition D. Substitution 31. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The nurse gave instructions to the patient on the care of his renal disease. A. Fatal B. Kidney C.Heart D. Lung 32.Which sentence is grammatically correct? A. She put the carton of milk into the refrigerator. B. Her put the carton of milk into the refrigerator. C. Herself put the carton of milk into the refrigerator. D. Ours put the carton of milk into the refrigerator. 33. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct.Every morning after a shower, I shave __________________. A. Me B. Myself C. Mine D. My 34. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The medication was given sublingually. A.Under the eyelid B. Under the tongue C. By nasal inhaler D. By injection 35. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The patient went into spasm. A. Unconsciousness B. Convulsion C. Coronary arrest D. Remission 36.When a circuit is completed, what has been finished? A. Lap B. Test C. Diagnosis D. Round shape 37. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The prescription called for administration of hte medication q.i.d. A. Once daily B. Four times a day C. Every 8 hours D. At bedtime 38.Select the word or phrase that will make the sentence grammatically correct. It is always a good idea to _______________ any exam. A. Answer B. Rest on C. Prepare for D. Cram 39.Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. When examined, the laboring mother was at 50% dilation. A. Blood pressure B. Cervical opening C. Birth process D. Exhumation 40. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The doctor made an initial examination of the patient. A. Complete B. First C. Incomplete D. Discharge 41. What is the best description for the term fracture? A. Break B. Brake C. Cut D. Cure 42. To implement something is to ___________________. A. Prevent it from occurring B. Emphasize the importance of C. Cause it to happen D. Follow from the beginning to end 43. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The results of the poll were not valid because the sample size was not large enough. A. Applicable B. Obtainable C. Presentable D. Factual 44. Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly. People of similar linguistic, culture, or religious backgrounds tend to locate each other at international gatherings. A. Of B.Culture C. To locate D.Each other 45. Posterior refers to what part of the body? A. Topmost B. Lowermost C. Front D. Back 46. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct. He tried to _____________ the entire length of the hall by himself, but had to call for assistance halfway down. A. Walk B. Wake C. Walking D. Waking 47. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The overt signs of the baby's illness were distressing to the parents. A. Easily observed B. Subtle C. Intestinal D. Feverish 48. The opposite of contract is _______________. A. Expand B. Open C. Mature D. Obverse 49. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. Exogenous factors will affect the patient's well-being. A. Produced outside the body B. Produced within the body C. Produced by the kidneys D. Hereditary 50.Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. Endogenous factors were responsible for his illness. A. Produced within the body B. Produced outside the body C. Polluting D. Hemostatic 51. Which word is not spelled correctly in the context of this sentence?The nurse went form room to room looking for the missing patient. A. Patient B. Form C. Nurse D. Missing 52. Which word is not spelled correctly in the context of the sentence? The physician thought it was unecessary to explain the procedure. A. Physician B. Unecessary C. Explain D. Procedure 53. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The nurse observed that the skin around the sore was inflamed. A. Blanched B. Covered with a scab C. Cool to the touch D. Reddened 54. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct.The child cried, "I want to do it ______________!" A. Mine B. Me C. Myself D. Meself 55. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The potent medication reduced the symptoms almost immediately. A. Correct B. Strong C. Liquid D. Tablet 56. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. His paroxysmal coughing was a sign of this illness. A. Occasional B. Convulsive C. Discreet D. Soft 57. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The precipitous change was considered a good thing. A. Difficult B. Abrupt C. Gentle D. Unanticipated 58. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The rationale for the therapy was to increase the patient's range of motion. A. Prescription B. Outcome C. Goal D. Reason 59. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. His untoward actions during the admission process created a problem for the nurse. A. Violent B. Casual C. Unseemly D. Capricious 60. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The doctor's verbal prescription was implemented immediately. A. Narcotic B. Oral C. Written D. Current 61. What word is a synonym for spit? A. Expectorate B. Exfoliate C. Sputum D. Saliva 62. Which word is not spelled correctly in the context of the sentence?The ICU nurse-manger wanted all staff to sign the letter complaining about working hours at the unit. A. ICU B. Sign C. Manger D.Complaining 63. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct. The patient was __________ cold, so he asked the nurse for another blanket. A. Not B. Too C. To much D. So much 64. What sentence is grammatically correct? A. She felt is was a breach of ethics to divulge the information. B. The pregnant woman was in danger of having a breach birth. C. The breech between the intestinal wall and urethra was life-threatening. D. The breech of confidentiality was reported to the head nurse. 65. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The practical nurse is planning to administer a transdermal medication. A. Applied directly to the skin B. Injected just barely under the skin C. Injected in the tissue just below the skin layer D. Directly under the tongue 66. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The bride decided to expand the number of people invited to the wedding. A. Decrease B. Increase C. Widen D. Reduce 67. Select the word or phrase that will make the sentence grammatically correct.The nurse completed the _______________ incorrectly. A. From B. Form C. Pillow D. Syringe 68. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.It is important that the bandage remain intact. A. Dry B. Whole C. Uncovered D. Secure 69. Select the correct meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The office worker signed the contract for the new boss. A. Letter B. Receipt C. Agreement D. Card 70. Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly.She has never tried to been in nursing school before. A. Never tried B. Tried to C. Has never D. Been in 71. Select the correct meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The boys did not realize that their parents would be accountable for the boys' misbehavior. A. Unhappy B. Responsible C. Livid D. Keeping score 72.Which sentence is grammatically correct? A. Do you know when comes the bus? B. Do you know while bus comes? C. Do you know when the bus will come? D. Do you know how soon bus come? 73. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The nurse told the patient, "You're so obtuse!" A. Overweight B.Ignorant C. Easy to read D. Uncaring 74. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. Being bilingual is an advantage for a nurse. A. Able to speak more than one language. B. Able to use either hand with equal skill and ease C. Not squeamish when seeing blood D. Can remember everything that is read 75. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The nurse is accountable for patient safety. A. Available B. Always sure C. Responsible D. Documenting 76. Why does a healthcare professional have a need for good grammar? (Select all that apply.) A. Charting must be accurate and concise. B. Patients and families are encouraged by fluency of the nurse. C. Good grammar helps the nurse better understand the instructions given. D. Good grammar is polite. E. Correct speaking is a sign of intelligence. 77. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct.When will you be able to go to the movies with ______________? A. Me B. I C. Myself D. Ourselves 78. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The nurse noticed an audible gurgle when doing a physical examination on the patient. A. Observable B. Spasmodic C. Ominous D. Perceptible 79. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The parameters of medical ethics require the nurse to report instances of suspected child abuse. A. Laws B. Limits C. Common sense D. Structure 80. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.To alleviate his pain, the nurse gave the patient a PRN medication. A. Pinpoint B. Relocate C. Eradicate D. Reduce 81. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. It is not wise to skimp on personal hygiene. A. Measures contributing to cleanliness and good health B. Financial resources available through the employment department C. Insurance D.Friendliness 82. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.The nurse noticed an abrupt change in the patient's level of pain. A.Slow B. Acute C. Subtle D. Sudden 83. Decomposition is the process of enzymes digesting food. Another name for this process is ______________. A. Degeneration B. Dialysis C. Lysis D. Lymph 84. Select the word or phrase that will make the sentence grammatically correct. Because I want to go to the movies later, I am going ____________ my homework now. A. Doing B. To do C. Be doing D. To doing 85. The patient fractured the lateral portion of the hip bone, which is known as the ________________. A. Ilium B. Ileum C. Icterus D.Ileus 86. Tertiary health care might encompass which intervention? A. Early diagnosis B. Education about use of seat belts C. Community immunization programs D. Return to wellness 87. After a major heart attack, which assessment is most important? A. The patient's emotional adjustment to the heart attack B. The family and home problems C. Conditions that might impair cardiac functioning D. Factors that impair the client's well-being 88. Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly.The data confirms that the patient is suffering from extreme anxiety, and a tranquilizing medication is immediately required. A. The data B. Confirms C. Is D. Immediately 89. Which word can be defined as a truth, a rule, or a law? A. Prescription B. Tort C. Principle D. Malpractice 90. Docile is best defined as being _____________. A. Meek B. Week C. Firm D. Tame 91. A person who is ravenous is ______________________. A. Generous B. Outspoken C. Friendly D. Hungry 92. Select the correct order or words to fit in the sentence structure. The nursing _______________ put the Band-________ on the wound to ___________ the nurse. A. Aid, aide, aide B. Aide, aid, aid C. Aid, aide, aid D. Aide, aid, aide 93. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct. He sat _____________ Holly and Mary on the bus. A. Though B. Through C. Among D. Between 94. The word spinster is best defined as _______________. A. A prim and proper person B. An unmarried woman C. A frequent traveler D. A greedy person 95. In the last election, 110,000 votes were cast. Candidate A received 60,000 votes, and 50,000 votes were divided between candidates B and C. Which statement indicates the outcome of this election? A. Candidate A has a plurality of 10,000 votes B. Candidate B has fewer votes than candidate C. C. Candidate A has a majority of 10,000 votes. D. Candidate C has a minority of votes. 96. Based on Freud's theory, the "superego" ______________. A. Contains rigid rules B. Is instinctive C. Directs motor activity D. Defines growth and development 97. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. Her flushed appearance was noted by the nurse during the examination. A. Pale B. Excited C. Ruddy D. Indifferent 98. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct. The hospital is located on the top ____________ the hill. A. In B. Of C. On D. Which 99. Select the word or phrase that will make the sentence grammatically correct. Within the __________________ of the school, great emphasis is placed on participation in sports programs. A. Confines B. Milieu C. Program D. Brochure 100. Select the word or phrase that will make the sentence grammatically correct. The hunter has a ____________________ to Field and Stream. A. Subscription B. Prescription C. Premonition D. Consequence 101. Select the word or phrase that will make the sentence grammatically correct. The professor had a huge ___________________ of tests to grade. A. Number B. Amount C. Aggregate D. Stacks 103. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The proliferation of text messaging among teens has alarmed parents. A. Increase B. Summarization C. Ambiance D. Rampant 104. What is the meaning of laceration? A. The best way to learn a new thing B. A deep, ragged tear C. Getting caught cheating D. Punishment 105. Select the correct meaning of the underlined. The hot days of summer made the campers lethargic. A. Indolent B. Lazy C. Sleepy D. Energetic BRAVO

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VOCABULAIRE 1. The patient's circulation to her left arm was occluded, leading to numbness and skin that was blue in color. • obstructed • open • broken • lacerated Correct Answer: obstructed ________________________________________ Occluded means closed or obstructed. The patient's arm turned blue and numb because of an obstructed artery. Since I do not like people looking inside of my car, I use tints to occlude my windows from view. Lacerated means cut or torn. A cut or torn artery would lead to excessive bleeding. The accident created a deep laceration on the patient's thigh, which resulted in significant loss of blood. 2. What Latin abbreviation means "four times a day"? • BID • QID • TID • QD Incorrect Answer: QID ________________________________________ Seen on a prescription, QID means 4 times a day (from the Latin quater in die). It is one of a number of hallowed abbreviations of Latin terms that have been traditionally used in prescriptions to specify the frequency with which medicines should be taken. QD is once a day; q.d. stands for "quaque die" (which means, in Latin, once a day). BID is two times a day; b.i.d. stands for "bis in die" (in Latin, 2 times a day). TID is three times a day; t.i.d. stands for "ter in die" (in Latin, 3 times a day). 3. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The patient was happy to hear that the virus was latent. • untransmittable • inactive • not fatal • cured Correct Answer: inactive ________________________________________ Latent means present but not active or visible, making inactive our best answer. The symptoms of the disease may remain latent for years before becoming suddenly visible. Untransmittable means that the virus is not contagious. HIV is untransmittable through the air. 4. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The effects of the treatment were ephemeral, and the patient had to be hospitalized two days after. • lasting only for a short period of time • more than what is needed • unable to work or be together • obvious Correct Answer: lasting only for a short period of time ________________________________________ Ephemeral is something that lasts for a short period of time. The ephemeral nature of the public's interest meant that the scandal would eventually be forgotten about. Excess is "more than what is needed or usual". The billionaire lived a life of excess, having 27 boats and 18 houses. Incompatible means "unable to work or be together". The two teammates are incompatible. All they do is argue when they have to work together. Overt means "obvious or easily observed". The man was overtly grateful for being invited to the party and brought a gift for the hosts as a thank you. 5. What is the best description for the word endogenous? • Produced outside of a body or organism • To change rapidly and often • Produced inside of a body or organism • Having or showing symptoms of a fever Correct Answer: Produced inside of a body or organism ________________________________________ Endogenous means "of or produced inside of a body or organism." He suffers from endogenous depression. His symptoms are not caused by outside factors but from an internal chemical imbalance in the brain. Labile means to change rapidly and often. The stock market has been labile lately, going up and down drastically. Exogenous is produced outside of a body or organism. He suffers from exogenous depression. His symptoms are caused by outside factors. Febrile is having or showing symptoms of a fever. The mother gave her febrile daughter Motrin to reduce her fever. 6. What is another word for "desiccated"? • viscous • moist • dry • coarse Incorrect Answer: dry ________________________________________ Desiccated means "dry." The dead, desiccated plant had not been watered in weeks. Moist means "damp or a little wet." The patio furniture is still moist from being outside in last night's rainstorm. Viscous means "sticky." Honey is an example of a highly viscous liquid. Coarse means something with rough texture. The sandpaper was coarse. 7. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The physical therapist improved the flexion in the patient's knee. • tendons • bending • redness • pain Correct Answer: bending ________________________________________ Flexion refers to the bending of a joint. It is the opposite of extension. image credit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flexion_Extension_Leg.png 8. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. A hematologic disorder was responsible for the man's fatigue. • blood • liver • kidney • nerves Correct Answer: blood ________________________________________ Hematologic refers to anything relating to blood. In this practice question, the man was experiencing extreme tiredness because of a problem with his blood. Neurovascular refers to anything relating to the nerves. Renal refers to anything relating to the kidneys. Hepatic refers to anything relating to the liver. 9. Select the word that means "so gradual as to not become clearly visible for a long time". Eventually, the physical manifestations of the disease became apparent, but the insidious, virulent illness did not present physical symptoms for an extended period of time. • apparent • virulent • insidious • manifestations Incorrect Answer: insidious ________________________________________ Insidious means "so gradual as to not become clearly visible for a long time." The medication was insidious - it made Karen feel better at first but slowly created dangerous side effects after months of use. Manifestation means "indication or sign of an ailment." It is another word for symptom. A physical manifestation of the disease was uncontrollable coughing. Apparent means "visible." It became apparent that the patient had no intentions to follow the nurse's regimen of diet and exercise. Virulent means "extremely harmful or severe." Ebola is a virulent disease. It can take over a host with infection extremely quickly. 10. What is the best description for the word etiology? • The anticipated or expected course or outcome • The origin or cause of a disease or condition • The processes and effects of a disease • The identification of an injury or disease Correct Answer: The origin or cause of a disease or condition ________________________________________ Etiology refers to the origin or cause of a disease or condition. The etiology of the patient's rabies infection was a bite from a dog. Pathology refers to the processes and effects of a disease. The difference between pathology and etiology is that etiology just refers to the factors that caused the disease. Pathology refers to the changes in normal physiology (symptoms) that occur as a result of the disease. The cancer's pathology is to take over healthy cells and grow cancerous tumors. Prognosis is the anticipated or expected outcome for a patient. The doctor's prognosis was that the patient would feel better after 48 hours of antibiotics and fluid intake. Diagnosis is the identification of an injury or disease. The doctor's diagnosis of my cough is bronchitis. 11. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The patient was emotionally labile, showing exaggerated changes in mood from one moment to the next. • angry • feverish • volatile • stable Correct Answer: volatile ________________________________________ Labile means "volatile or unstable." Someone who is emotionally labile will have drastic changes in mood from one moment to the next. The stock market has been labile as of late, going up and down drastically. Angry is incorrect because someone who is emotionally labile may be angry sometimes, but their emotions change dramatically. Feverish is a trap answer because it is the definition of a similar-sound HESI vocab word, febrile. Stable would be the opposite of volatile. 12. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The incidence of new HIV infections has dropped in the past decade due to increased awareness of how to mitigate the transmission of the disease. • symptoms • occurrence • ubiquity • virulence Correct Answer: occurrence ________________________________________ Incidence means occurrence and is the correct answer. People with obesity tend to have a high incidence of sleep apnea. Virulence refers to how harmful or severe a disease is. Although this word would seem to fit given the context clues, the word "incidence" is best defined as an occurrence, so it is still our best answer. Ebola is a disease with high virulence. It can take over a host with infection extremely quickly. Ubiquity means that something is very common or appearing everywhere. Smartphones have become ubiquitous because they are so common in society now. A symptom is an indication of a problem. Sneezing is a symptom of the common cold. 13. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The patient did not include any progeny on the emergency contact form. • offspring • pre-existing conditions • payment information • hereditary diseases Incorrect Answer: offspring ________________________________________ Progeny means children or offspring. A clue is that it contains "gen" in the word, which should make you think "genetics". The millionaire did not have any progeny, so she left all of her wealth to charity when she died. Hereditary disease is an inherited medical condition caused by DNA abnormalities. Sickle cell anemia is an example of a hereditary disease. Pre-existing conditions are diseases or disorders that are already present. An example of a pre-existing condition would be if someone went to the hospital for illness and told the doctor about how they have had epilepsy their whole life. Epilepsy would be a pre-existing condition because they had it before they came down with the illness they are seeing the doctor for. 14. What is another word for panacea? • milieu • antibiotic • cure • quarantine Incorrect Answer: cure ________________________________________ Panacea means "a remedy that says it will cure all illness and difficulties." The software update is supposed to be a panacea for all of the security risks on the website. Quarantine means "strict isolation imposed to prevent the spread of disease." All personnel exposed to the virus will be placed in quarantine in the far end of the hospital and not allowed to interact with healthy individuals. Antibiotic means "a medicine that helps a person or animal heal from infection by destroying or limiting harmful microorganisms." The doctor prescribed a strong antibiotic for the patient's bronchitis. Milieu means "the environmental condition or setting." As the daughter of a legendary guitarist, Samantha grew up in a musical milieu. 15. What is the best description for the word "lysis"? • the gradual ending of disease symptoms • the predicted outcome of a disease and the chances of recovery • infestation with lice • the process of finding out what is causing symptoms Correct Answer: the gradual ending of disease symptoms ________________________________________ Lysis is "the gradual ending of disease symptoms". The lysis of the patient's fever was a positive indication that the treatment was working. Diagnosis is the process of finding out what is causing symptoms. The doctor's diagnosis was that the patient was severely dehydrated and needed fluids. Prognosis is the predicted outcome of a disease and the chances of recovery. The doctor's prognosis for the patient was that they would still be able to live a long and normal life. Pediculosis is an infestation with lice. Mrs. Mitchell's first-grade class has been overtaken with pediculosis. Almost every student has lice. 16. Select the word or phrase that will make the sentence grammatically correct. The nurse made sure that the tape was ______ to the patient's skin, keeping the bandage intact. • initiated • adhered • suppressed • superficial Correct Answer: adhered ________________________________________ Adhere means to stick together. In this example, the tape needs to be stuck to the patient's skin to keep the bandage secured. The boy had a patch of his favorite band's logo adhered to his backpack. Suppress means to stop or subdue. The mother closed her eyes and counted to ten to suppress her urge to yell at her misbehaving children. Superficial means on the surface. Although the tape is on the surface of the patient's skin, adhere is still the best answer choice since we know we must "stick" the tape to the skin. A superficial person is only concerned with how someone looks on the outside and not about that individual's personality or character. Initiated means started. The fire drill has initiated. Everyone, please begin to exit the building. 17. What is the best description of the word empathy? • The processes and effects of a disease • Ability to understand the feelings of another person • To give consent to someone to perform a medical procedure • Ability to understand the origin or cause of a disease Correct Answer: Ability to understand the feelings of another person ________________________________________ Empathy is the ability to share what others are feeling or understanding how another person feels. Empathy is an important trait of nurses. The nurse felt empathy for the sick patient and did her best to console him. The processes and effects of a disease is the definition of pathology. The pathology of cancer is to attack healthy cells. To give consent is the definition of assent. The patient assented to the procedure. The origin or cause of a disease is etiology. Exposure to airborne bacteria is the etiology of the boy's cold. 18. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. One of the parameters of the Nurse Practice Act is that nurses are accountable for patient safety. • responsible • available • ready • vigilant Correct Answer: responsible ________________________________________ "Accountable" means responsible. One of the rules in the Nurse Practice Act is that nurses are responsible for the safety of their patients. As the manager of this team, I am ultimately accountable for the team's performance. "Vigilant" means always aware. The military officer remained vigilant at his post, keeping an eye out for a possible ambush. 19. Select the word that means "sudden; intense." The nurse observed that the patient's chronic, painful spasms became more acute after long periods of rest. • spasms • acute • chronic • painful Correct Answer: acute ________________________________________ Acute means sudden; intense. The nurse observed that the patient's back pain became more intense after long periods of rest. Chronic means persisting for a long time and constantly recurring. In this example, the patient has had this back pain for a long time and it keeps coming back. Painful means aching, hurting. A spasm is a sudden, involuntary muscle contraction or convulsive (intense shaking) movement. 20. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. It was clear that the patient's condition was deteriorating when he was unable to get out of bed. • worsening • growing • improving • quickening Correct Answer: worsening ________________________________________ Deteriorating means worsening. In this example, the patient's condition was getting worse and he could not get out of bed. "Improving" would be the opposite of deteriorating. GRAMMAR Results 14 of 20 questions answered correctly Your time: 00:10:42 You have reached 14 of 20 point(s), (70%) Categories 1. Apostrophe Usage100% 2. Comma in a Series100% 3. Comparative & Superlative Modifiers100% 4. Eliminating Poor Language Usage100% 5. Identifying Parts of a Sentence0% 6. Identifying Parts of Speech100% 7. Misplaced Modifiers100% 8. Pronoun Case100% 9. Run-On Sentences100% 10. Sentence Fragments0% 11. Subject-Verb Agreement100% 12. Troublesome Word Pairs50% 13. Unclear Pronoun References0% 14. Verb Tense100% • ________________________________________ Want more practice? Join the thousands of nursing students who passed their HESI A2 on their first try using our Practice Test Pack. With it you get: • 5 full-length, timed HESI A2 practice tests • 1,700+ HESI A2 practice questions • Step-by-step answer explanations • Detailed score reports • Unlimited test retakes • A pass guarantee or your money back Go into your exam with confidence and walk out with pride knowing you passed and are on your way to nursing school. Try our HESI A2 Practice Test Pack today. Get More Tests ________________________________________ 1. Which of the following sentences is grammatically incorrect? • Karen told Samantha that she needs to go to the doctor as soon as possible. • Both the student and the teacher knew the student had the correct answer. • My mom and sister took my sister's car to the airport. • The nurse told the patient that the patient's blood pressure was too high. Incorrect Answer: Karen told Samantha that she needs to go to the doctor as soon as possible. ________________________________________ Every pronoun must have a clear antecedent to avoid making the sentence confusing. An antecedent is the person, place, or thing that the pronoun is referring back to. In "Karen told Samantha that she needs to go to the doctor as soon as possible," who needs to go to the doctor: Karen or Samantha? Since it is unclear which person the pronoun "she" is referring to, this sentence is grammatically incorrect. 2. Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? • Having graded them last night, the students were handed back the exams by the teacher. • The teacher handed back the exams to the students that she had graded last night. • The teacher handed back the exams to the students last night that she had graded. • The teacher handed back the exams she had graded last night to the students. Correct Answer: The teacher handed back the exams she had graded last night to the students. ________________________________________ The errors in the other answer choices all involve misplaced modifiers. Misplaced modifiers are words or phrases that are not located properly in relation to the words they modify (describe). To fix a misplaced modifier, we need to place the modifier next (or as close as possible) to the word or phrase that it modifies. In this example, "that she had graded last night" modifies "the exams." So, we must place the modifier as close to "the exams" as possible. Otherwise, it sounds like the students were what the teacher graded. 3. Select the correct word for the blank in the following sentence. We are going to the ¬¬¬__________ house for dinner Saturday night. • Smiths' • Smiths's • Smith's • Smiths Correct Answer: Smiths' ________________________________________ To make a noun possessive, add 's to the end of the noun. However, if the noun is plural and already ends in "s" then only add the apostrophe. child → child's children → children's cars → cars' Smiths is plural and ends in "s" so we add an apostrophe to the end to make it possessive. Smiths → Smiths' 4. Select the best words for the blanks in the following sentence. My new earrings, _____ are golden, are in a small box _____ Sylvia gave me. • which, that • which, which • that, which • that, that Incorrect Answer: which, that ________________________________________ "That" is used to introduce essential clauses. An essential clause is needed to make the sentence clear. Do not use commas to introduce an essential clause. Example: My bike that has a flat tire is in the shed. The example above infers that the speaker may have multiple bikes, so we have to specify that the bike that has the flat tire is the one that we are discussing. "Which" is used to introduce non-essential clauses. A non-essential clause adds information to the sentence but is not necessary to make the meaning of the sentence clear. Use commas to set off non-essential clauses. Example: My bike, which has a flat tire, is in the shed. This example infers that the speaker only has one bike so we know the bike they are speaking of, but adding that the bike has a flat tire makes the sentence more descriptive and interesting. NurseHub Hint: If the blank comes after a comma, choose "which." If the blank does not come after a comma, choose "that." 5. Select the sentence that is grammatically correct. • My sister and I talked to the nurse about our father's allergies. • I and my sister talked to the nurse about our father's allergies. • My sister and me talked to the nurse about our father's allergies. • Me and my sister talked to the nurse about our father's allergies. Correct Answer: My sister and I talked to the nurse about our father's allergies. ________________________________________ "My sister and I" is a compound subject, so the pronoun must be in the subjective case. Also, it is considered polite to have "I" or "me" come last, which is why "My sister and I" is more correct than "I and my sister". Refer to the pronoun chart below to know when to use which pronoun. image credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/austinaronoff/31598952693 6. Which word in the following sentence is an adverb? My dear mother always reminds me to take a jacket. • always • dear • My • jacket Correct Answer: always ________________________________________ An adverb is a word that that modifies or describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb. The word "always" is an adverb modifying the verb "reminds." The word "my" is a possessive pronoun. A pronoun takes the place of a noun. A possessive pronoun takes the place of a noun and shows possession (ownership). The word "dear" is an adjective. An adjective is a word that describes a noun. The adjective "dear" describes the noun "mother." The word "jacket" is a noun. A jacket is a person, place, thing, or idea. 7. Which of the following sentences is grammatically incorrect? • I work at the hospital, but my boyfriend works at the clinic. • I work at the hospital - my boyfriend works at the clinic. • I work at the hospital; my boyfriend works at the clinic. • I work at the hospital but my boyfriend works at the clinic. Correct Answer: I work at the hospital but my boyfriend works at the clinic. ________________________________________ "I work at the hospital but my boyfriend works at the clinic" is grammatically incorrect because it is a run-on sentence. Run-on sentences are when two or more complete sentences are written as one sentence. Run-on sentences can be fixed by adding a dash (-), a semicolon (;), or a colon (:) between the two sentences. You could also add a coordinating conjunction with a comma (, but) or make them two separate sentences with a period (.) These would be correct: I work at the hospital - my boyfriend works at the clinic. I work at the hospital; my boyfriend works at the clinic. I work at the hospital: my boyfriend works at the clinic. I work at the hospital, but my boyfriend works at the clinic. I work at the hospital. My boyfriend works at the clinic. 8. Select the best words for the blanks in the following sentence. Your recipe could use _____ ingredients and _____ salt. • less, fewer • less, less • fewer, fewer • fewer, less Correct Answer: fewer, less ________________________________________ "Fewer" refers to things that can be counted. Use "fewer" before plural nouns (fewer ingredients). "Less" refers to degree or amount. Use "less" before singular nouns (less salt). More examples: • There were fewer dogs at the park today. • We pay less rent than our friends. • He saw fewer animals on the safari than he expected. • She saw less wildlife on the safari then she expected. 9. What word is best to substitute for the underlined words in the following sentence? The man sat in the car waiting for the traffic light to turn green. • he • his • him • they Correct Answer: he ________________________________________ "The man" is singular, so the pronoun must be singular. It is also the subject in the sentence, so the pronoun must be in the subjective case. "He" is singular and in the subjective case, so it is the correct answer. "Him" is singular, but it is in the objective case. "His" is singular but is a possessive pronoun. "they" is in the subjective case, but it is plural. Refer to the pronoun chart below to know when to use which pronoun. image credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/austinaronoff/31598952693 10. Which word is used incorrectly in the following sentence? My father, from who I have learned so much, has had an immense effect on my career as a nurse. • immense • effect • who • learned Correct Answer: who ________________________________________ "Who" should be used to refer to the subject of a sentence. "Whom" should be used to refer to the object of a verb or preposition. Since "who" is an object of the preposition (from), we must use "whom." NurseHub Hint: If you can replace the word with "he" or "she", use "who." If you can replace it with "him" or "her," use "whom." 11. Identify the euphemism in the following passage: I learned today, with great sadness, that the elderly patient passed away last evening. He was a pleasant, amiable gentleman and will truly be missed by everyone at the hospital. • with great sadness • the elderly patient • passed away • will truly be missed by everyone Correct Answer: Passed away. ________________________________________ "Passed away" is a euphemism for "died." A euphemism is a mild, indirect, or vague term that has been substituted for one that is considered harsh, blunt, or insensitive. Other examples of euphemisms include: • "Letting someone go" instead of firing someone • "Bought the farm" instead of died • "Over the hill" instead of old 12. Which of the following sentences contains a predicate nominative? • Nurses use math every day in their profession. • We are students at the local university. • The class is nervous about the upcoming test. • The boy ran to the mailbox. Incorrect Answer: We are students at the local university. ________________________________________ A predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and helps to explain or rename the subject, which is why we can also call a predicate nominative a subject complement. A linking verb describes the subject's state of being or condition. It is not an action verb. One way to think of a linking verb is that it is a verb you could replace with "is" and still have the sentence make sense. Examples of linking verbs: • He is an electrician. • Dinner smells good. • She appears tired. Not linking verbs: • He smells the salt in the ocean air. • she appeared out of nowhere. "We are students at the local university" contains the predicate nominative "students" because it is restating what the subject ("we") is. Notice that it follows a linking verb ("are"). "The class is nervous about the upcoming test." is the only other answer choice containing a linking verb. However, there is no predicate nominative as "nervous" is an adjective and not a noun. This is an example of a predicate adjective. 13. Select the best word for the blank in the following sentence: There were a significant ______ of applicants to the nursing program this year • amount • stacks • number • aggregate Incorrect Answer: number ________________________________________ "Amount" is used when referring to things in bulk that cannot be easily counted (paperwork, homework, oil). Example: The amount of fur on that dog is unbelievable. "Number" is used when referring to things that can be individually counted. Example: The number of teeth that dog has is unbelievable. Since "applicants" can be counted, "number" is the best answer. 14. Select the best word or words for the blank in the following sentence. The medicine that is responsible for curing a host of deadly diseases ___________ in dangerously low supply. • are • be • were • is Correct Answer: is ________________________________________ A subject must agree with its verb in number. This means both need to be singular or both need to be plural. The subject in this sentence (the medicine) is singular so we need a singular verb (is). The trap here is that the subject (the medicine) is separated from the verb by a plural noun (diseases). To avoid this trap, simply find the subject and the verb and make sure they agree. Ignore everything else. The medicine that is responsible for curing a host of deadly diseases ____is_____ in dangerously low supply. 15. Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? • During my long, relaxing vacation. • Go to the doctor. • Walking home from the store. • While all of the patients were waiting in the waiting room. Incorrect Answer: Go to the doctor. ________________________________________ Every sentence must contain a subject and predicate. The subject of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea that is doing or being something. You can find the subject of a sentence if you can find the verb. Ask the question, "Who or what is performing the action in the sentence?" and the answer to that question is the subject. The predicate is the part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject. "Go to the doctor" is correct because the subject is "you (understood)" and the predicate is "go to the doctor." 16. Which word or phrase in the following sentence is the independent clause? Immediately after I wake up, I make a cup of coffee. • I wake up • I make a cup of coffee • immediately after I wake up • after waking up, I make a cup Incorrect Answer: I make a cup of coffee ________________________________________ A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a predicate. An independent clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause does not express a complete thought and therefore cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. I make a cup of coffee is an independent clause because it is a complete thought and could be a sentence on its own. After I wake up is not a complete thought, so it cannot stand alone as a sentence. It needs an independent clause attached to it to make it a complete thought. 17. Select the correct word(s) for the blank in the following sentence. She uses the ______ beads to make these beautiful bracelets. • most tiny • more tiny • tiniest • tinier Correct Answer: tiniest ________________________________________ We are comparing more than two things (the beads she uses versus all of the beads in the world) so we need to use the superlative form of the adjective "tiny." To make the superlative form of an adjective: • Add -est to the end of any one-syllable adjectives (large → largest) • For adjectives ending in -y, change the -y to -i and add -est (tiny → tiniest). • use the form "most + adjective" if the word is more than two syllables long and does not end in -y (exciting → most exciting). If we were only comparing two things, we would use the comparative form of the adjective. To make the comparative form of an adjective: • Add -er to the end of any one-syllable adjectives (large → larger). • For two-syllable adjectives ending in -y, change the -y to -i and add -er (tiny → tinier). • If the adjective is two syllables and does not end in "-y" OR if the adjective has three or more syllables, use the form "more + adjective" (exciting → more exciting). 18. Select the best word or words for the blank in the following sentence. My uncles, who used to work in the limestone quarry, ____ now started their own business. • is • has • have • was Correct Answer: have ________________________________________ A subject must agree with its verb in number. The subject in this sentence (My uncles) is plural so we need a plural verb (have). The trap here is that the subject is separated from the verb. When checking for subject-verb agreement, look at just the subject and the verb. Ignore everything else. My uncles, who used to work in the limestone quarry, have now started their own business. 19. Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? • She studied anatomy physiology chemistry and microbiology in her first year of nursing school. • She studied anatomy, physiology, chemistry and microbiology in her first year of nursing school. • She studied anatomy physiology chemistry, and microbiology in her first year of nursing school. • She studied anatomy, physiology, chemistry, and microbiology in her first year of nursing school. Correct Answer: She studied anatomy, physiology, chemistry, and microbiology in her first year of nursing school. ________________________________________ Always use a comma to separate three or more items in a series, including before "and." This is called an Oxford comma. The HESI A2 considers the Oxford comma, which is sometimes thought to be optional, as the grammatically correct choice. 20. Select the best word or phrase for the blank in the following sentence. He _______ this shop since I was five years old. • will be having • will have • has had • is having Correct Answer: has had ________________________________________ The phrase "since I was five years old" places the action in the past; therefore, the past tense verb "has had" is required. The verb "is having" places the action in the present. The verbs "will have" and "will be having" place the action in the future. PHYSIOLOGY ANATOMY 1. The hormone __________ assists estrogen in stimulating the formation of the endometrium. • luteinizing hormone • testosterone • oxytocin • progesterone Correct Answer: progesterone ________________________________________ Progesterone is a hormone produced by the ovaries and is responsible for maintaining the uterine lining, or endometrium. Oxytocin is a hormone that is involved with the processes of childbirth and milk production and is released by the pituitary gland. Luteinizing hormone is also an important hormone for the female reproductive system; however, it is not involved with the formation or maintenance of the endometrium. Instead, it stimulates ovulation along with estrogen. It is also not produced by the reproductive organs but by the pituitary gland in the brain. Testosterone is the primary male reproductive hormone, however, it is produced in smaller amounts by the ovaries in women. The role of testosterone in women is to regulate libido, body composition, and muscular strength. 2. Which of the following organs of the urinary system is not correctly paired with its function? • Urinary bladder - urine reservoir • Ureters - transport urine from kidney • Kidneys - Filter blood and eliminate wastes • Urethra - temporarily holds the urine prior to excretion Correct Answer: Urethra - temporarily holds the urine prior to excretion ________________________________________ The urethra discharges the urine out of the body. Temporary storage of urine is the function of the urinary bladder. The structure of the urinary system is shown below. 3. The tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi is called ____________. • Diaphragm • Pharynx • Alveoli • Trachea Correct Answer: Trachea ________________________________________ The trachea is the tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi. The alveoli are tiny air-filled sacs which are used to diffuse oxygen through capillaries. The pharynx is the passageway leading from the oral and nasal cavities in the head to the esophagus and larynx. The diaphragm is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. image credit: https://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/ 4. Which of the following lists the correct pathway of blood through the circulatory system? • Right ventricle, vena cava, systemic circuit, aorta, left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium • Left ventricle, aorta, systemic circuit, vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium • Left ventricle, vena cava, systemic circuit, aorta, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium • Right ventricle, aorta, systemic circuit, vena cava, left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium Correct Answer: Left ventricle, aorta, systemic circuit, vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium ________________________________________ The pathway of blood through the circulatory system is comprised of 12 steps. 6 steps happen in the right side of the heart and 6 steps happen in the left. Right Side of the Heart The goal of the right side of the heart is to pump un-oxygenated blood (the blood that your body has used) into the lungs so that the blood can be re-supplied with oxygen. 5. The un-oxygenated blood is collected by the vena cava, where the superior vena cava (SVC) collects blood from the upper extremities, and the inferior vena cava (IVC) collects blood from the lower extremities. 6. The vena cava then delivers blood directly to the right atrium. 7. The blood is then squeezed through the tricuspid valve. 8. Blood then enters the right ventricle. 9. Then the blood is squeezed into the pulmonic valve. 10. Blood is then shot up through the pulmonary artery and then enters into the lungs to be re-oxygenated. Left Side of the Heart The goal of the left side of the heart is to pump the re-oxygenated blood from the lungs into the rest of the body so oxygen can be delivered to the other organs and tissues. 11. The re-oxygenated blood enters from the lungs through the pulmonary vein. 12. Blood enters the left atrium. 13. The blood goes down through the bicuspid (mitral) valve. 14. Then blood is squeezed into the left ventricle 15. And up through the aortic valve 16. From there, the blood is ejected out through the aorta, which is the large artery leaving the heart. Blood is then distributed throughout the body (i.e. systemic circuit). Note that this is a circuit. Thus, the correct answer does not necessarily have to start at the first step and end at the last. The diagram below shows the right side of the heart in blue and the left side of the heart in red. 5. What is the function of extensor muscles? • Draw limb away from the midline • Return the limb back towards the body • Increase the angle at the joint • Reduce the angle at the joint Correct Answer: Increase the angle at the joint ________________________________________ Extensors increase the angle at the joint. An extensor muscle is a muscle that, when contracted, extends or straightens that limb or part of the body. Flexors reduce the angle at the joint. Flexor muscles bend the limb at the joint when contracted. Abductors draw a limb away from the midline. Adductors draw a limb back towards the body. The images below illustrate flexion vs. extension and adduction vs abduction. image source: https://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6 6. All except which of the following is located superior to the maxilla bone? • Nasal bone • Zygomatic bone • Frontal bone • Mandible Incorrect Answer: Mandible ________________________________________ The mandible is the facial bone that is located inferior to (below) the maxilla facial bone. The frontal bone, nasal bone, and zygomatic bone are all superior (above) the maxilla bone. See the diagram of facial bones below to use as a visual reference. 7. Which of the following makes up the largest component of whole blood? • Plasma • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Platelets Correct Answer: Plasma ________________________________________ Blood is composed of two main parts: plasma and hematocrit (i.e. red blood cells). Plasma, the watery portion of blood, makes up roughly 55% of total blood volume with the remaining 45% coming mostly from red blood cells, or erythrocytes. White blood cells and platelets make up a very small portion of total blood. It is important to maintain plasma volume so that blood consistency is maintained. Blood that contains less plasma and more erythrocytes would be thicker and more viscous, leading to thicker blood that is harder to transport through the blood vessels. OpenStax College [CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)] 8. Mitosis occurs in which layer of the skin? • Keratin • Stratum germinativum • Stratum corneum • Dermis Correct Answer: Stratum germinativum ________________________________________ The innermost stratum germinativum is the only layer of skin that contains cells that can divide via the process of mitosis. Therefore it is the only place mitosis can occur. The dermis is the inner layer of the skin, composed of fibrous connective tissue with blood vessels, sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands. Cells in this layer do not germinate (do not divide via the process of mitosis). The layers of the epidermis, from the outer layer to the inner layer, are: 4. stratum corneum 5. stratum lucidum 6. stratum granulosum 7. stratum germinativum (which includes the stratum basale and the stratum spinosum). Use the visual below as a reference for the layers of the skin. Note: The innermost stratum germinativum is not separately labeled below. It is made up of the stratum basale and the stratum spinosum, which are the two layers labeled below, so those two layers combined make up the stratum germinativum. image credit: https://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/ 9. What form of tissue provides support and structure for the organs? • Epithelial • Nervous • Connective • Muscle Correct Answer: Connective ________________________________________ There are four fundamental types of tissue. Connective tissue is made up of cells that form a connective web to hold body parts together, providing support and structure for the organs. Muscle tissue is made up of cells that form muscles and allow the muscles to contract, which make body movement possible. Epithelial tissue is made up of cells joined tightly together to form a protective layer around the body (skin) as well as to line some internal cavities and organs of the body. Nervous tissue is made up of uniquely specialized cells, neurons, and neuroglia. Neurons transmit signals (messages) between the different parts of the body and neuroglia are connective tissue cells that support the neurons. This tissue allows the body to be able to use the five senses to inform the brain about stimuli it experiences and subsequently reacts accordingly. Image credit: https://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/ 10. Which of the following means "away from the midline"? • Lateral • Proximal • Posterior • Medial Correct Answer: Lateral ________________________________________ When referring to anatomic positions of the body, lateral means "away from the midline or towards the sides". Below are the important terms of direction as well as a diagram to use as a visual reference: • Superior (above) • Inferior (below) • Anterior (toward the front) • Posterior (toward the back) • Medial (toward the midline) • Lateral (away from the midline or toward the sides) • Proximal (closer to the point of attachment - usually in reference to limbs) • Distal (farther away from the point of attachment - usually in reference to limbs) MATH

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