Hesi Pharmacology Practice Test WEEK1
The healthcare provider prescribes furosemide (Lasix) 25 mg IV. The drug is available in a solution of 40 mg/4ml. How many ml should the practical nurse administer? (Enter numeric value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest tenth.)
2.5 Using the formula D/H x Q: 25 mg/40 mg x 4 ml = 2.5 ml
A client who weighs 35.1 kg receives a prescription for isoniazid PO daily. The practical nurse (PN) refers to the published drug literature which recommends the dose of 10 mg/kg/day. How many mg should the PN determine is the recommended daily dose for this client? (Enter the numerical value only.)
351 10 mg/kg/day35.1 kg x 10 mg/1 kg/day = 351 mg/day
A child weighing 28.4 kg is hypertensive. The healthcare provider prescibes methyldopa (Aldomet) 40 mg/kg/day IV in 4 divided doses. The pharmacy provides a 50 mg/ml injection vial. How many ml should the practical nurse administer? (Enter numeric value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest tenth.)
5.7 First calculate the total mg dose/day: 40 mg x 28.4 kg = 1136 mg/day Next divide the total mg into the 4 dosages for the day: 1136 mg/4 doses = 284 mg/dose Using the Desired/Have formula: 284mg/50mg x 1 ml = 5.68 ml/ dose or 5.7 ml.
The healthcare provider prescribes acetaminophen elixir (Tylenol elixir) 600 mg PO q6 hours for an adult client experiencing pain associated with maxillofacial surgery. The bottle is labeled 500 mg/15 ml. How many ml should the practical nurse administer? (Enter numeric value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest tenth.)
18 Using the formula D/H x Q: 600 mg/500mg x 15 ml = 18 ml
A client is receiving acetaminophen (Tylenol) 0.65 gram PO every 6 hours PRN for pain. Acetaminophen is available in 325 mg tablets. How many milligrams should the practical nurse administer? (Enter numeric value only.)
650 Using the known equivalent, 1 gram = 1000 mg, the nurse should first convert the dose to the same unit of measurement, which is 0.65 grams = 650 mg.
A client who weighs 73 pounds is receiving phenobarbital PO. The practical nurse (PN) refers to the published drug literature which recommends the dose of 2 mg/kg/dose. What dose in mg should the practical nurse (PN) determine is the recommended dose for this client? (Enter numerical value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest whole number.)
66 2.2 pounds = 1 kg, so 73 pounds = 33.1122 kg x 2 mg = 66.2244 = 66 mg
A client is receiving dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) PO for malignant hyperthermia. The maximum safe dose is 8 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses. The client currently weighs 48.5kg. What is the maximum safe dose the practical nurse should calculate? (Enter numeric value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest whole number.)
97 Determine the maximum number of mg this client should receive in a day: 48.5kg x 8mg/kg/day = 388mg/day Next determine how many mg the nurse should deliver each dose: 388mg/4 doses = 97mg
The healthcare provider prescribes trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim-DS Oral Suspension) 120 mg BID for a child with bronchitis. The Bactrim bottle is labeled "200 mg/5ml." How many ml should the practical nurse administer at each dose? (Enter the numeric value only.)
3 Using the formula D/H x Q, 120/200 x 5 = 3 ml
A client receives a prescription for nafcillin 0.75 gams IV. The dispensed medication is labeled in mg. How many mg should the practical nurse administer? (Enter numerical value only.)
750 1 mg = 0.001 gram0.75 g x 1 mg/0.001 g = 750 mg
A healthcare provider prescribes a continuous infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride with pancuronium (Pavulon) 25 mg/250 ml at a rate of 0.1 mg/kg/hr for a client with coronary artery bypass grafting. The client weighs 78 kg. The practical nurse should program the infusion pump to deliver how many ml/hour? (Enter numeric value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest tenth.)
78 First calculate the number of mg the client will receive in 1 hour: 0.1 mg x 78 kg = 7.8 mg/hour Next calculate the number of ml containing 7.8 mg of medication: 25 mg : 250 ml :: 7.8 mg : X 25 mg/ 7.8 mg :: 250 ml/X 25X = 1950 X = 78 ml/hour
A 9-month-old infant receives a prescription for digoxin 40 mcg PO daily. Digoxin Oral Solution, USP 50 mcg (0.05 mg) per ml is available. How many ml should the practical nurse administer? (Enter the numerical value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest tenth.)
0.8 Using ratio and proportion, 40 mcg : X ml :: 50 mcg : 1 ml = 0.8 ml
A client's daily PO prescription for aripiprazole (Abilify) is increased from 15 mg to 30 mg. The medication is available in 15 mg tablets, and the client already received one tablet today. How many additiona l tablets should the practical nurse administer so the client receives the total newly prescribed dose for the day? (Enter numeric v alue only.)
1 30 mg (total dose) - 15 mg (dose already administered) = 15 mg that still needs to be administered. Using the Desired/Have formula: 15 mg/15 mg = 1 tablet
A client is receiving an IV solution of sodium chloride 0.9% (Normal Saline) 250 ml with amiodarone (Cordarone) 1 gram at 17 ml/hour. How many mg/minute of amiodarone is infusing? (Enter numeric value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest tenth.)
1.1 Convert grams to mg, 1 gram equals 1,000 mg. Using ratio and proportion - 1,000 mg : 250 ml :: X mg : 1ml 250X= 1,000 so X = 4 mg/ml is the solution concentration of amiodarone. The infusion rate (ml/hour) x concentration (mg/ml) divided by 60 minutes/hour 17 ml/hour x 4 mg/ml = 68/60 = 1.13 = 1.1 mg/minute.
A client with a gastrostomy tube (GT) receives a prescription for a 250 ml bolus feeding of Glucerna 60% enteral formula. The PN should dilute the full-strength formula with how many ml of water? (Enter numeric value only).
100 Use the formula, Desired strength/strength on Hand x Volume 60/100 x 250 = 15000/100 = 150 ml of Glucerna enteral formula Or use ratio and proportion, Desired strength (60%) :: Volume (full strength) : Desire volume 60 : 100 :: X : 250 ml 100X = 15,000 and X = 150 ml of Glucerna enteral formula 250 ml total volume - 150 ml of full-strength formula = 100 ml of water to create 60% concentration
The practical nurse (PN) obtains a client's oral temperature of 38 Celsius. What temperature in Fahrenheit (F) should the PN document? (Enter numeric value only. Round to the nearest tenth.)
100.4 Use the formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, multiply by 1.8 and add 32. 38 x 1.8 = 68.4 + 32 = 100.4
A client with dehydration receives a prescription for an IV of lactated Ringer's 1,000 ml to be administered over 8 hours. The practical nurse should program the infusion pump to deliver how many ml/hour? (Enter numeric value only.)
125 Use the ratio of: 1000 ml : 8 hours :: X : 1 hour 1000/X :: 8/1 X = 125 ml/hour
The practical nurse (PN) is preparing a tube feeding of Ensure 280 ml (50% solution). Full strength Ensure is available in a 240 ml can. The PN should use how many ml of Ensure to prepare the feeding? (Enter numeric value for only. Round to nearest whole number if needed.)
140 Using the formula D/H (Desired % / % on Hand) x Total volume desired: 50/100 x 280ml = .5 x 280 ml = 140 ml Ensure + 140 ml water = 280 ml (50% solution)
A client with hypernatremia is to receive an IV infusion of 1000 ml 5% dextrose in water to be infused over 6 hours. The practical nurse should program the infusion pump to deliver how many ml/hour? (Enter numeric value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest whole number.)
167 Calculate using the ratio: 1000 ml : 6 hours :: X ml : 1 hour 1000/X :: 6/1 6X = 1000 X = 167 ml/hour
A client with a gastrostomy tube (GT) receives a prescription for Osmolite 1/2 strength enteral formula at 80 ml/hour. To prepare a 4 hour solution, the PN should dilute the full-strength formula with how many ml of water? (Enter numeric value only.)
160 Determine the total volume needed at 80 ml/hour x 4 hours = 320 ml. Use the formula, Desired strength/strength on Hand x Volume = 50/100 x 320 = 160 ml of Osmolite enteral formula, which must be diluted to half strength. Or use ratio and proportion, Desired strength (1/2 = 1 part : 2 parts) :: Volume of full strength : Total Desire volume 1 : 2 :: X : 320 ml 2X = 320, and X = 160 ml of Osmolite enteral formula, full strength 320 ml total volume - 160 ml of full-strength formula = 160 ml of water to create 1/2 strength or 50% concentration
The healthcare provider prescribes the adjustment of the IV hourly rate based on the nasogastric tube (NGT) output q4h for a client who had abdominal surgery yesterday. From 1200 to 1600, the NGT output was 240 ml, and the IV of D 5 W 0.45% NS was infused at a rate of 100 ml/hour. At 1600 the PN should regulate the IV to deliver how many ml/hour to replace this fluid loss? (Enter numeric value only.)
160 To calculate the hourly rate of IV fluid replacement based on the last 4 hours of NGT output, the nurse should calculate an average hourly output by dividing 240 ml by 4 hours = 60 ml NGT output q1h. The nurse should then add the 60 ml loss per hour to the present infusion rate of 100 ml/hr, totaling an infusion rate of 160 ml/hour for the next 4 hours.
A client is receiving D 5 W 1,000 ml at 75 ml/hour. The practical nurse hangs the bag of IV fluids at 0300. At what time, based on the 24-hour clock, should the infusion be completed?
1620 Calculate the number of hours an IV bag of 1,000 ml should infuse, 1,000 ml / 75 ml/hour = 13.3 hr = 13 hours 20 minutes. Calculate the time, 0300 AM + 1320 = 1620 by the 24-hour clock (or 4:20 PM) (A). (B, C, and D) are incorrect.
A client admitted to the unit from the emergency room receives a prescription for an IV infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride 1,000 ml at 750 ml/4 hours. The IV administration set delivers 60 gtts/ml. The practical nurse should program the infusion pump to deliver how many gtts/minute? (Enter numeric value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest whole number.)
188 First convert hours to minutes: 4 hours x 60 = 240 minutes Using formula Volume/Time x gtt factor: 750 ml/240 min = 3.125 x 60gtts = 187.5 (rounding to) 188 gtts/minute
A male client receives a prescription for ondansetron hydrochloride (Zofran) 4 mg IV to prevent postoperative nausea after an inguinal hernia repair. The medication is available in 2 mg/ml. How many ml should the practical nurse administer? (Enter numeric value only).
2 Use ratio and proportion, 4 mg : X ml = 2 mg : 1 ml 2X = 4 X = 2
A client with type 2 diabetes is receiving metformin (Glucophage) 1 gram PO twice daily. The medication is available in 500 mg tablets. How many tablets should the practical nurse administer? (Enter numeric value only.)
2 Using the known equivalent, 1 gram = 1000 mg, the nurse should first convert the dose to the same unit of measurement, which is 1 gram = 1000 mg. Using the formula, Desired / Available x 1 tablets: 1000 mg / 500 mg x 1 = 2 tablets
Amoxicillin 500 mg PO every 8 hrs is prescribed for a client with an infection. The drug is available in a suspension of 125mg/5 ml. How many ml should the PN administer with each dose? (Enter numerical value only.)
20 500 : X :: 125 : 5125x = 2500x = 20 ml