HIGH REN

Raphael stanze

- 4 rooms the public part of the papal apartments in the Palace of the Vatican. They are famous for their frescoes, painted by Raphael. Together with Michelangelo's ceiling frescoes in the Sistine Chapel, they are the grand fresco sequences that mark the High Renaissance in Rome.

The Last Judgement; Pope Paul III Farnese

- a fresco by the Italian Renaissance painter Michelangelo covering the whole altar wall of the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City. -It is a depiction of the Second Coming of Christ and the final and eternal judgment by God of all humanity.

Moses

-A marble statue by Michelangelo that was commisioned by Pope Julius the II for his tomb -located in S. Pietro in Vincoli, Rome -enormous muscular arms and an angry, intense look in his eyes. Under his arms he carries the tablets of the law—the stones inscribed with the Ten Commandments that he has just received from God on Mt. Sinai.

Apollo Belvedere

-Ancient Roman copy of a bronze sculpture of the 4th century BCE, perhaps by the ancient sculptor Leochares -Takes its name from its placement, by 1511 in the Belvedere Palace in the Vatican

High Renaissance

-Artistic style of the 1st half of the 16th century in Western Europe, especially in Rome and Florence -Characterized by heroic centralized composition, technical mastery of drawing and conception, and a mature humanistic content

Equestrian Monument

-Bronze, over-life-sized statue of a rider on a horse. -Became the centerpiece for the piazza on the capitoline Hill

Birth of Venus

-Commissioned by the Medici family, painted by Botticelli -found in the Uffizi gallery in Florence -The painting shows the triumphant Goddess of Love and Beauty. The Romans knew her as Venus, while for the Greeks she was Aphrodite. She stands tall and naked at the centre of the canvas, looking ethereal and luminous. She seems to draw all attention to herself; a symbol of beauty, who is both physical and spiritual.

Penitent Magdalene

-Donatello's Mary is also shockingly haggard. Idealized portraits in history paint her as being fed by angels and protected from the ravages of age, -Donatello leads viewers to the assumption that her life of adultery and prostitution has stolen her beauty. -She is deeply wrinkled and clothed in rags while her slightly open mouth reveals missing teeth.

Layering

-Gradual build up of light and/or dark values -Requires several applications before the desired result is achieved

Coat of Arms

-Of a family, town, or organization with a special design in the form of a shield -they use a a symbol of their identity

Early Renaissance

-Period from about 1400 to 1500 in European, Italian, painting, sculpture, and architecture -When naturalistic styles and humanist theories evolved from the study of classical sources

Belvedere Torso

-Sculptural fragment signed by Apollonios of Athens, Son of Nestor -Work of 1st century BCE emulating the style of 3rd century BCE -The animal skin on which the figure sits is sometimes thought to be that of a lion, which would identify the figure as hercules -Inspiration for Michelangelo

Greek Architectural Orders (Corinthian)

-Third of the Greek order -Columns were thin and fluted -tended to be slender and elegant -Main characteristic was the ornate capital carved with stylized acanthus leaves

Fresco

-a painting done rapidly in watercolour on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling, so that the colours penetrate the plaster and become fixed as it dries. -the method of painting frescoes, used in Roman times and by Raphael, and Michelangelo.

Statue of David

-embodies the aesthetics of High Renaissance art, the politics of Renaissance Florence, and the technical virtuosity of Greek sculpture. -Representing the Biblical hero about to do battle with Goliath - done by MA

Pope Julius II della Rovere

-greatest art patron of the papal line -He commissioned Michelangelo's "Moses" and paintings in the Sistine Chapel and Raphael's frescoes in the Vatican. -provided patronage to artist such as Bramante, Michelangleo, and Raphael

Capitoline

-one of the seven hills on which ancient Rome was built. -of or relating to the Capitoline or to the ancient temple of Jupiter that stood on this hill.

Tempietto

-small circular chapel erected in the courtyard of San Pietro in Montorio in Rome on the supposed site of the martyrdom of St. Peter. - It was commissioned by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain and was built in 1502 after designs made by Bramante.

Capital

-topmost part of column -helps broaden and enhance the supporting surface of a column

Tuscan Order

A classical order similar to doric but having columns with an unfluted shaft and simplified base and capital.

Latin Cross Plan

A floor plan found in many cathedrals and churches. When looked at from above or plan view it takes the shape of a Latin Cross. Latin Cross plans have a nave with aisles or chapels or both, making the arms of the cross

Centralized plan

A plan organized around a central space as the middle of a near perfectly symmetrical layout

Pilaster

A rectangular column attached to the wall, decorative falls column made to look like a structural column on the wall

Agostino Chigi

An Italian banker and patron of the Renaissance

Half-column

An engaged column which projects from a wall by approx. half it's diameter

Greek Architectural Orders (Doric)

First style of classic architecture. Sophisticated architectural styles of ancient Greece and Rome. Set standards for beauty, harmony, and strength for European culture.

Stanza d'Eliodoro

In Raphael Stanze, Second room to be painted- Liberation of St. Peter from Prison and Mass at Bolsena

Stanza della Segnatura

In Raphael Stanze, first room to be painted, poetry, philosophy/school or athena, law, religion shown on walls

Michelangleo

Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet who exerted influence on the development of Western art.

Bramante

Italian architect of the high Renaissance Pope Julius, his patron, commissioned him to design the new St Peters

Raphael

Italian painter and architect. Known as one of the greatest artists of the Renaissance, he is particularly noted for his madonnas, including his altarpiece the Sistine Madonna

Leonardo da Vinci

Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect. best known for The Last Supper (c. 1495) and Mona Lisa (c. 1503).

Patron

One who sends influential support to some person, cause, art, or institution

In-situ

Something that remains in the natural, original, approp. position

Greek Architectural Orders (Ionic)

The second greek order, capital is decorated with spirals scrolls

Column

Upright pillar, usually cylindrical, supporting an arch, or other structure, or standing alone

Nero's Golden House (Domus Aurea)

Was a landscaped palace built by the Emperor Nero in the heart of ancient Rome after the great fire in 64 AD had destroyed a large part of the city and the aristocratic villas on the Palatine Hill

Ponte Sisto, Baccio Pontelli, Rome, 1473-1479

a bridge in Rome's historic centre, spanning the river Tiber. It connects Via dei Pettinari in the Rione of Regola to Piazza Trilussa in Trastevere

Laocoon

a famous sculpture of the Trojan priest and his two sons struggling with a huge serpent, probably -made by Rhodian artists in the 1st century AD but derived from examples of suffering figures carved in the 1st century BC -much admired in Renaissance Italy, of the effective emphasis of anatomy.

Zuccone (Donatello)

a marble statue that depicts the Biblical prophet Habakkuk. It was a commissioned work for the Duomo in Florence -The name Zuccone originated from the long and angular shape of the figure's head and translates in Italian as "pumpkin." - The spectacularly life-like statue is fraught with tension and clad in the flowing robes that are typical of most of Donatello's prophets.

Pieta

a picture or sculpture of the Virgin Mary holding the dead body of Jesus Christ on her lap or in her arms.

Via Giulia

a street in the historic centre of Rome, Italy, mostly in rione Regola, although its northern part belongs to rione Ponte. It was one of the first important urban planning projects in Renaissance Rome

Oil paint

a thick paint made with ground pigment and a drying oil such as linseed oil, used chiefly by artists.

Pope Sixtus v della rovere

built sistine chapel

"Flavian ampitheater" (Colosseum), Rome

giant building built in Rome under the Flavian emperors for gladiator shows

Pope Sixtus IV

he donated several historically important Roman sculptures that founded a papal collection of art, which would eventually develop into the collections of the Capitoline Museums

Campidoglio

one of the Seven Hills of Rome, has been inhabited since the Bronze Age and was at the centre of political life in the city during the Middle Ages. - Its square, designed by Michelangelo, houses the Palazzo Senatorio together with the "palazzi" of the Museo Capitolino and the Museo dei Conservatori. The Palazzo Senatorio is currently the home of the "Comune di Roma".

spoglia

something taken from an earlier structure and used in a later one

The Sistine Chapel

the chapel of the pope in the Vatican at Rome, built for Pope Sixtus IV and decorated with frescoes by Michelangelo and others

coat of arms

the distinctive heraldic bearings or shield of a person, family, corporation, or country.

Counter-Reformation

the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected)

Protestant Reformation

the religious revolution that took place in the Western church in the 16th century

Caravaggio

uses Renaissance techniques but substitutes naturalism for the idealism of the High Renaissance; transition to the Baroque