High Renaissance and Mannerism
Francis I
1525-1530 CE Jean Clouet Paris Tempera and Oil Pat: Francis I F/A: Hand on hilt (capable in military). Refined , emphasis on the show, confident portrayal, not accurate depiction. Context: Portrait propaganda. He was king of France. Great lover, Hero of Great Deeds - embodies all characteristics of French king.
Henry VIII
1540 CE Hans Holbein the Younger London Oil on Panel Pat: Henry VIII F/A: Enormous and thick (not just in the video). Displaying power and dominance rather than refinement. Wants to look fashionable. Context: Quick to anger, in fact, this is a response to Francis I (propaganda).
Self Portrait
1548 CE Caterina van Hemmesen Antwerp Oil on Panel Pat: None F/A: Showing her in her craft - men don't take women seriously because art is dominated by men. Women are for the home. Legitimizing herself. Context: First Northern self portrait of a woman. North a little more progressive than south. Caterina was trained by her father because apprentices live with master artist and it would be looked down upon to live with a man who wasn't family or husband.
Netherlandish Proverb
1559 CE Pieter Bruegel the Elder Oil on Wool Unknown Location Patron: Unknown F/A: All different things/ all different everyday proverbs. Context: North doesn't have as many religious paintings. Protestant Reformation increasingly secularized paintings
Allegory with Venus and Cupid
1560 CE Bronzino OL: Unkown Oil on Canvas Patron: Cosimo I, one of Medicis, Duke of Tuscany F/A: Nothing natural, appropriate figures to identify figures (golden apple is Venus, arrow is cupid). Mask symbolizes deceit. Feet very long, very stretched out, elegant. Context: Point to shock viewer. Artist dreamed it all up. About the inconstant of love. Love not eternal though meaning often debated.
Portrait of a Young Man
1560 CE Bronzino OL: Unknown Oil on Wood Patron: Unknown F/A: Long hands, looks educated (book), trying to be elegant, dark contrast - makes hands stand out. Looks proud, haughty, trying to exude an idea. Context: Cosmopolitan, really trying to capture soul.
Burial of Count Orgaz
1560 CE El Greco OL: Toledo Oil on Canvas Patron: Church of Santo Tome F/A: Altarpiece; See really well that heaven and earth are very different. Elongated appendages. Saint Peter and Saint Stephen come down from heaven and vouch for Count Orgaz to go to heaven. Not a lot of perspective. Earthly sphere more realistic. Context: El Greco is not his real name it means "The Greek" in Spanish because there wasn't many Greeks in Spain. Count Orgaz is original benefactor and is buried in Church.
Last Judgment
1560 CE Michelangelo Vatican Fresco Patron: Pope Paul III F/A: Tends to focus on elegance; style. Very muscular bodies - a little bit of chaos. Transition piece. Reminder of salvation - stern God. Context: Religious implications, attempting to draw in members to the church. Church reacting to Protestant Reformation.
Madonna of the Long Neck
1560 CE Parmigianino OL: Unknown Oil on Canvas Patron: Unknown F/A: Elongated and thin. Pretty heavy on the left side. Elegance - concentrated a lot of energy on extremities like fingers where they thought all the grace was. Distorted (on purpose because we can); not trying to make realistic. Asymmetric . Context: Influenced by Raphael. Designed for artists by artists mostly for courtly tastes.
Last Supper
1560 CE Tintoretto OL: Unknown Oil on Canvas Patron: Church of San Giorgio Maggiore F/A: Unusual - more/ a lot of people present. Dark/ foggy like it's happening at a tavern. Christ is not a central figure, off to the side. Angled differently, wide point - making it weird. Context: Take something we know and making it different. Tintoretto is a Venetian artist, painted this near the end of his life. Above doorway in church.
Hunters in the Snow
1565 CE Pieter Bruegel the Elder Brussels Oil on Panel Patron: Unknown F/A: Genre piece - about everyday life. Hunters coming back home. Just a snapshot of life as it is. Figures not really detailed, more pains in landscape. Context: Represent changing seasons of the year like a book of hours, chronicles the year and display historical accuracy of the town and place.
