HIS 121 Studyguide (Chapter 13, 14, 15)
Which of the following is true of Black men and the Union navy during the Civil War?
About 25 percent of the Union navy was composed of African American sailors.
Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation after the Battle of Fredericksburg
False
Every state that allowed for legal slavery seceded from the Union in 1860 and 1861.
False
Lincoln replaced McClellan as Union commander because McClellan was overly aggressive.
False
President Lincoln's second inaugural address called for vengeance against the Confederacy after the war concluded.
False
Which of the following statements about conscription during the Civil War is accurate?
In both the North and South, conscription was met with widespread resentment and refusal.
Which of the following occurred at Appomattox Court House?
Lee surrendered to Grant
Which of the following accurately describes Tejanos during the Civil War?
Tejanos often became Union soldiers during the war.
Which of the following was a task of the Freedmen's Bureau?
providing formerly enslaved African Americans with educational opportunities
John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry was intended to
provoke slave insurrections
Who did Johnson's Proclamation of Amnesty exclude?
southerners with taxable property above $20,000
Lincoln won the election of 1860 by
sweeping the free states
Juan Seguin joined the Texas independence movement and nearly saved the army at
the Alamo
Which of the following was a legacy of Republican state governments in the South after 1877?
the construction of railroads, roads, and bridges
What event ultimately eradicated slavery in the United States?
the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment
Which of the following is true of the 1866 congressional elections during Johnson's presidency?
They gave Republicans veto-proof majorities.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the allegiance of Native American tribes during the Civil War?
Tribes fought on both sides.
Prior to the Mexican-American War, Frémont and a band of American settlers had captured Sonoma in northern California from Mexico and proclaimed the Republic of California.
True
The Ku Klux Klan started out as a social club but came to engage in horrible violence against African Americans such as burning schools and churches.
True
Why was Lyons Wakeman a significant historical figure during the Civil War?
Wakeman, like hundreds of soldiers on both sides, was a woman who hid her gender to serve in the war.
As president, which of the following did Polk support?
the federal government's management of public funds through a national treasury
In 1850, the new California state legislature allowed whites to force __________ to work for them in exchange for food and clothing.
"unemployed" Native Americans
Which of the following happened after the end of Reconstruction?
Black civil rights crumbled as White rule solidified.
What did the Supreme Court rule in Dred Scott v. Sandford?
Blacks did not have citizenship and therefore lacked legal standing.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Seven Pines?
Both sides took heavy casualties in the battle and only the arrival of Federal reinforcements prevented a Union defeat.
Which two western states refused to ratify the Fifteenth Amendment because of the Chinese issue?
California and Oregan
Where did a massacre of eighty-one African American politicians take place on Easter Sunday in 1873?
Colfax, Louisiana
Confederate diplomatic efforts focused on Great Britain for which of the following reasons?
Confederate leaders thought Great Britain needed to continue importing Southern cotton.
At midcentury, which of the following had a major impact on life in the United States?
Constant political conflict over slavery had led a growing number of people to decide the United States could no longer be a nation "half free and half slave."
Which of the following caused the most deaths among soldiers during the Civil War?
Disease
Reconstruction of former Confederate states only began after the war.
False
Support for the Mexican-American War was strongest among New England abolitionists.
False
The Republican platform in 1860 promised to end slavery in the southern states.
False
The South emerged from the Civil War with a strong, diversified economy.
False
The rulings during the Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) expanded U.S. citizenship so that it applied to more minority groups.
False
The states of the Deep South did not secede from the Union until Lincoln took office.
False
Through his execution, John Brown accomplished little for the anti-slavery cause, as few in United States even noticed the event occurred.
False
Throughout the war, Lincoln believed that African Americans and White Americans could peacefully coexist in a post-slavery society, and he was eager to use his constitutional authority to make that possible.
False
When the war started, the Southern economy was larger and more productive than the economy of the North.
False
What amendment shaped Chinese American struggles for citizenship in the 1870s?
Fifteenth
Which of the following Union victories turned the tide against the Confederacy in 1863?
Gettysburg
Which of the following statements accurately describes the actions of Moses Austin?
He obtained a grant to start a slaveless Anglo "colony" in Texas meant to serve as a buffer between Native Americans and Mexicans.
How did President Johnson violate the Tenure of Office Act?
He tried to remove a cabinet member without the approval of the Senate.
Which of the following is true regarding Stand Watie?
He was a Cherokee leader who became a Confederate general during the war.
Why did many former slaves in Texas, like Henrietta Wood, remain enslaved after slavery had ended in 1865?
Isolation prevented news from reaching many remote plantations in Texas.
What was the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution?
It banned slavery in the United States and territory controlled by the Confederacy.
Which of the following elements did the Compromise of 1850 include in its final version?
It confirmed the border between New Mexico and Texas and ended the slave trade, but not slavery, in Washington, D.C.
What is the significance of the outcome of the Fort Pillow Massacre?
It fomented greater violence between the Confederacy and the Union.
What was the result of the Fourteenth Amendment?
It guaranteed citizenship to freedmen and immigrant children born in the United States.
By the early 1870s, the Union League had achieved which of the following milestones in the South?
It had become one of the largest Black social movements in history.
Which of the following is true of the Panic of 1857?
It illustrated President Buchanan's fundamental belief that the government should be non-interventional.
Why did the new Fugitive Slave Act provoke outrage?
It offered a strong temptation to kidnap free blacks in northern free states.
What advantages did the Confederacy possess over the Union at the start of the war?
It possessed the emotional and geographic advantage of fighting a defensive war.
Which of the following is true of the Fifteenth Amendment?
It protected the right of Americans to vote regardless of color or race.
What was "Oregon Fever," and how did it come about?
It referred to the large migration of many settlers to Oregon, drawn there by the fertile land.
What was the significance of the Battle of Antietam?
It revived Northern morale and ended Confederate hopes of gaining foreign alliances.
How did the Union naval blockade of Southern ports impact the wartime success of the Confederacy?
It sharply reduced Southern commercial activity, including the flow of goods and military weapons to and from Europe.
What was one way the Mexican-American War proved unique in American history?
It was America's first major military intervention outside the United States and the first time that U.S. military forces had conquered and occupied another country.
Why was the Civil War a "modern" war?
It was a "modern" war because armies used railroads and steamboats for transportation.
Why was the annexation of Texas popular in the South?
It would be entering the Union as a slave state.
What two national figures triggered a scandal in 1869 with their scheme to corner the gold market?
Jay Gould and James Fisk
In the election of 1856, who was the Republican party's first candidate to run for the presidency?
John Fremont
Which of the following transpired during the presidential election of 1844?
Liberty party votes in New York cost Clay the White House.
What was an outcome of the Lincoln-Douglas debates?
Lincoln's eventual presidential prospects were bolstered (supported)
How did the history of voting rights for Native Americans compare to African Americans and Asian Americans?
Many states denied Native Americans voting rights until 1947.
What sort of racial tensions, if any, emerged as white Americans first settled in Mexico and the Spanish West during the first half of the nineteenth century?
Many white Americans were as prejudiced toward Hispanics as they were toward Native Americans and African Americans.
What was the term that President Grant used to describe his Native American policy?
Peace policy
What legal case in California defined the Chinese in 1857 as "a race of people whom nature has marked as inferior, and who are incapable of progress"?
People v. Hall
How did passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act impact the settlement of Kansas?
Popular sovereignty encouraged supporters and opponents of slavery to flood Kansas to vie for political control of the territory.
Which of the following is true of African Americans in Union refugee camps?
Refugees experienced disease, overcrowding, and dangerous conditions in the camps.
Which of the following politicians was named president of the United States in exchange for removing federal troops from the South in 1877?
Rutherford B. Hayes
What was a long-term idea that resulted from the outcome of Henrietta Wood's successful legal case in 1870?
Seeking restitution for unpaid work as slaves was possible.
Why did many freed Blacks prefer sharecropping over working for wages during Reconstruction?
Sharecropping freed Black farmers from day-to-day White supervision of their lives.
In what ways were Texas soldiers in the Civil War different from troops in other states?
Texas units were some of the most ethnically diverse of all the states.
How did freedmen respond to the all-White state conventions organized under Johnson's Reconstruction plan?
They organized freedmen's conventions in state capitals to call for certain rights.
How did "redeemer" Conservative Democrats achieve power in the South during the 1870s?
They used race issues to excite the White electorate and threaten Black voters.
For many African Americans, the "first proof" of freedom was the ability to become educated.
True
General Sherman's conquest of Atlanta turned the tide of the U.S. presidential election of 1864, ensuring that Lincoln would again take office and that Union armies would continue to pressure the Confederacy.
True
In 1862 Congress resorted to printing paper money called greenbacks to address the shortfall in tax revenues.
True
In the mid-nineteenth century, the population of Native Americans in California plummeted, likely due to diseases and violence introduced by white settlers.
True
Lincoln stressed repeatedly that the "paramount" reason for the war was to save the Union and not to determine the fate of slavery.
True
The Union League mobilized African American voters to such an extent that Black men were able to win elected offices in former Confederate states for the first time.
True
The Union suffered a defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run.
True
William Henry Harrison was the first president elected as a candidate of the Whig party.
True
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the main goal of the Union and Confederate leaders as the war started?
Union leaders wanted to restore the Union while Confederate leadership wanted to convince the Union and the world to recognize Confederate independence.
Who were the "carpetbaggers"?
Union veterans
Which of the following battles led to the Confederates losing control of the Mississippi River, which cut the Confederacy in two?
Vicksburg
Michigan senator Lewis Cass pioneered the idea of popular sovereignty
as a way to give territories the responsibility of making their own laws regarding slavery while freeing Congress of the divisive responsibility.
What other group of people did African American slaves closely identify with in the 1800s?
biblical Hebrews
The Republican party reflected a combination of
conscience Whigs and anti-slavery Democrats.
In addition to spurring a massive migration of gold seekers, the discovery of gold in California
encouraged American dreams of a Pacific commercial empire linked to Asia.
Who advocated in the 1860s and 1870s for "soft-money," or paper, currency?
farmers and debtors
The Republican party platform in 1860 supported a transcontinental railroad as well as
higher protective tariff and free farms out west
Stephen Douglas's proposed Kansas-Nebraska Act
might have allowed slavery in Kansas and Nebraska.
What were the most significant results of the Civil War?
The war elevated the idea that the Union was indissoluble and the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment ended slavery in the United States.
Which of the following best describes the state of the Civil War in 1862, after two years of conflict?
The war in the East was a virtual deadlock.
How did the Mexican-American War ultimately deepen sectional divisions in the United States?
The new territories acquired fueled a violent debate over the extension of slavery into them.
Which of the following best describes the Kansas-Missouri border during the Civil War?
The region remained embroiled in guerilla warfare between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers.
Why did southern states begin to secede after Lincoln's election?
The southern secessionists were convinced that Lincoln would move against slavery despite his assurances otherwise.
Why did the Whig party eventually collapse?
The strain of the Kansas-Nebraska Act pushed northern and southern members toward joining different parties.
