HIST 1301 CHAPTER 9

Evangelical Protestants tended to associate with the Whig Party because they

associated the party with constant development and improvement.

What motivated older states to expand suffrage in the 1820s?

fear that they would lose population to new western states with more liberal voting requirements

In 1835, President Jackson sent Winfield Scott to Georgia to

force the Cherokee Nation to move west.

In Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837), Roger B. Taney argued that the ______ took precedence over the ______.

government's responsibility to promote the general happiness; rights of contract and property

The compromise that brought an end to the nullification crisis

gradually lowered the tariff.

Which of the following are voter qualifications that were required in most states prior to the 1820s?

property ownership whiteness taxpaying

By the end of the 1820s, most voters were no longer forced to

prove they paid taxes.

Which of the following statements regarding the Bank of the United States in the 1830s is not correct?

The Bank was key to Jackson's vision for America because it would fund westward expansion.

President Andrew Jackson weighed in on the Webster-Hayne debate by proposing a toast to

the Union.

Alexis de Tocqueville's book Democracy in America was a study of

daily life and politics in America.

The Whig Party particularly valued which members of society?

entrepreneurs

"Indian Territory," the land designated for American Indians who were forced to relocate west of the Mississippi by the Indian Removal Act, is located in present-day

Oklahoma.

About what percentage of adult white males voted in the 1828 presidential election?

58 percent

What changed most during the "age of Jackson"?

American electorate

What movement emerged in the 1820s in response to widespread resentment of the Society of Freemasons?

Anti-Masonry

Henry Clay hoped questions regarding the future of the ______ would help him win the 1832 presidential election.

Bank of the United States

Which statements about the end of the Bank War are correct?

Both sides were partly to blame for worsening financial conditions in 1833-1834. Biddle ultimately backed down, and Jackson enjoyed a considerable political victory. Both sides blamed each other for the financial crisis.

Which best describes the significance of the Whigs' attacks on Jackson and Van Buren for their association with the Freemasons?

By accusing Democrats of association with the undemocratic Freemasons, the Whigs beat them with their own issue.

How did Biddle's actions in the Bank War backfire on him in the court of public opinion?

Claims that he had overly broad powers over the economy seemed to be accurate.

Which best describes the 1836 presidential election?

Democrats united behind Martin Van Buren.

True or false: The majority of the Cherokee nation approved a treaty ceding the tribe's land to the United States government.

False

The Supreme Court ruled in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia that

Georgia had no authority to negotiate with tribal representatives.

How did Andrew Jackson respond to South Carolina's nullification of the tariffs of 1828 and 1832?

He authorized the use of military force to see that the acts of Congress were obeyed.

Which best describes Andrew Jackson's view of Indians?

He was deeply hostile toward them and wanted them to move west.

A compromise drafted by ______ brought the nullification crisis to an end.

Henry Clay

Which statements about Indian removal are correct?

Indians gave up 100 million acres of desirable eastern lands for far less desirable land in the West. Removal forced Indians to live under new forms of organization on land they had not chosen. The pueblos of New Mexico and fur trading posts of the Pacific Northwest were examples of successful Indian-white coexistence.

Which of the following accurately describe Indian and white relations before the mid-nineteenth century?

Interactions were sometimes mutually beneficial. The two groups lived in close proximity to one another.

Which of the following are reasons that Jackson opposed the Bank of the United States?

It centralized power in a federal institution. It catered to the privileged. He was opposed to "soft money."

How did the Cherokee nation try to defend itself against Georgia's efforts to seize its land?

It filed an appeal with the United States Supreme Court.

Which of the following is true of the Supreme Court ruling in Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge?

It reflected Jacksonian ideas of democracy and economic opportunity.

The election of Andrew Jackson as president in 1828 was historically significant for which of the following reasons?

It was the result of a popular movement, not simply the work of political elites. It legitimized the idea of political parties as popular, democratic institutions.

Which of the following accurately describe President Jackson's views on the Maysville Road Bill?

It was unwise because it committed the federal government to large expenditures. It was unconstitutional because the road was located entirely in Kentucky

Henry Clay and Daniel Webster persuaded Nicholas Biddle to apply to Congress for renewal of the Bank of the United States' charter because it would ensure which of the following?

It would force a congressional vote. It would make the Bank a major issue in the national election.

Which of the following best describes Jackson's ideological position?

Jackson embraced a simple, and exclusive, theory of democracy.

Which statement regarding actions by the Jackson administration against the Bank of the United States in 1833 is not correct?

Jackson recognized that he had the legal means to abolish the Bank, but he needed the help of a reliable treasury secretary.

After serving briefly as governor of New York, ______ became Jackson's secretary of state and a member of the president's unofficial circle of political allies, know as the "Kitchen Cabinet."

Martin Van Buren

What significant lesson did the resolution of the nullification crisis demonstrate?

No state could defy the federal government alone.

Andrew Jackson's decision to make Martin Van Buren his successor in 1831 was most influenced by the

Peggy Eaton affair.

Under the subtreasury system, the government would

Place its funds in an independent treasury in Washington and subtreasuries in various cities

Of the Five Civilized Tribes, only the ______ were able to resist removal.

Seminoles

Why was the government intent on removing the "Five Civilized Tribes" from the South?

Southerners wanted the tribes' land to grow cotton.

What was an unintended consequence of the distribution of federal surplus funds to the states?

State banks had to call in their loans to make the transfer of funds to state governments.

Which of the following statements about the second of the Seminole Wars are accurate?

The U.S. government and Seminoles fought a guerrilla-type war in the Florida Everglades. A substantial minority of Seminoles under chieftain Osceola staged an uprising to defend their lands. The Seminoles were aided by escaped African American slaves.

It was Tocqueville's observation that in America

The aristocracy was replaced by a changeable group of elites

Which of the following were beliefs held by a large portion of the Democratic Party in the 1830s?

The government should help remove obstacles to economic and social mobility. The rights of states should be protected. The role of government should be limited.

Which of the following statements about the 1835 treaty between the U.S. government and the Cherokees are accurate?

The great majority of the Cherokee tribe did not recognize the treaty as legitimate. The treaty gave the Cherokees $5 million and a reservation west of the Mississippi in return for their tribal lands.

Why did the Jacksonian Democrats support territorial expansion?

They believed it would increase economic and social opportunities for aspiring Americans.

Before the appointment of Roger B. Taney, why wouldn't Jackson's previous treasury secretaries follow his orders to remove government deposits from the Bank of the United States?

They believed that it would destabilize the financial system.

Before the 1820s, how did Americans generally regard political parties?

They considered them to be evils to be avoided.

What was the Whig's stance on westward expansion?

They wanted to be cautious because they feared rapid expansion could produce instability.

Which of the following best describe the Locofocos?

They were a radical faction of the Democratic Party in the 1830s. They were in favor of vigorous, perhaps even violent, action.

True or false: Upward of a quarter of those forced to migrate to Indian Territory died before they reached their destination.

True

the party's need for a permanent opposition party loyalty and preservation of the party

True

During Andrew Jackson's administration, the two-party system began to operate at the national level. What were the two parties at the time?

Whigs and Democrats

Who was not a member of the "Great Triumvirate"?

William Henry Harrison

Which of the following describes the Dorr Rebellion?

a failed attempt to set up a new state government with expanded voting rights in Rhode Island

As the political parties were elevated, one argument in their favor was the belief that

a permanent political opposition made parties sensitive to the people's will.

The primary goal of white settlers in the early 1800s was to

acquire the land occupied by Indian tribes.

Which of the following was a hallmark of Jackson's brand of popular politics?

an assault on what he considered to be the eastern aristocracy

As a result of the Black Hawk War, white settlers

became more forceful in their calls for Indian removal.

Why were the Cherokees, Creeks, Seminoles, Chickasaws, and Choctaws referred to as the "Five Civilized Tribes"?

because they had adopted some Euro-American social structures and institutions

The "hard money" faction that opposed the Bank of the United States

believed that gold and silver coin was the only safe currency. condemned all banks that issued banknotes.

In 1832, Henry Clay thought that the debate over the Bank of the United States might

boost his presidential candidacy.

Public land sales during the mid-1830s left the government with

budget surpluses.

When the Jackson administration began transferring funds from the Bank of the United States to state banks, Nicholas Biddle responded by

calling in loans and raising interest rates.

As the government sold more land, President Jackson became concerned that the government was receiving only

currency worth no more than the credit of the bank that issued it.

Martin Van Buren argued that a strong national party is essential for

democracy.

With regard to the banknotes issued by the Bank of the United States, Andrew Jackson

distrusted them because they were worthless without specie to back them up.

Act was an 1830 law that allowed the federal government to negotiate with American Indians to relocate them west of the Mississippi River.

indian removal

Andrew Jackson's unofficial circle of political allies was known as the "

kitchen cabinent

What action did Jackson take in his second administration to destroy the national bank?

moved federal government deposits from the national bank to state banks

As a result of the United States government's Indian policy, by the end of the 1830s

nearly all American Indian societies were removed to west of the Mississippi.

Many white Americans of the eighteenth century viewed the Indians as

noble savages.

Which of the following groups did not benefit from Jacksonian democracy?

northerners and easterners African Americans and Indians women

In developing his theory of

nullification

What issue galvanized political leaders and resulted in the creation of the Whig party

opposition to Jackson's use of power

The spoils system and political conventions served to limit the power of

permanent officeholders.

By 1828, presidential electors were elected by ______ in every state except South Carolina.

popular vote

Jackson wanted to ______ the functions of the federal government in order to increase opportunities for Americans, as he was promoting an economic program to ______ the power of the national government.

reduce; reduce

In response to the Supreme Court's decisions regarding the Cherokee Nation, President Jackson

refused to enforce the decisions.

What prompted the Dorr Rebellion?

restricted suffrage

With the emergence of the Whigs, the era known to scholars as the "

second party

Which group was not a strong supporter of the Whigs?

small farmers in the West who had migrated from the South

Which of the following groups were strong supporters of the Democrats in the 1830s?

smaller merchants and workingmen in the Northeast southern planters suspicious of industrial growth westerners who favored an agrarian society

In 1836, President Jackson issued the "______," which provided that the government would accept only ______ as payment for public lands.

specie circular; gold or silver, or currency backed by it,

system, the Jackson administration established elected officials' right to appoint their followers to public office.

spoils

As the result of the Dorr Rebellion,

suffrage was expanded in Rhode Island.

Many South Carolinians blamed the ______ for the stagnation of their state's economy in the 1820s, though in fact it was the ______ that was largely to blame.

tariff of 1816; exhaustion of farmland

In the debate over the Bank of the United States, President Andrew Jackson agreed with

the "hard money" faction.

What event contributed to the urgency of calls by white settlers for Indian removal?

the Black Hawk War

According to Jacksonians, the "age of Jackson" was the era of

the common man.

In the campaign of 1840 both parties presented themselves as the party of

the common people.

Which of the following did the results of the 1836 presidential election illustrate?

the continuing strength of Jackson within the Democratic Party the Whigs' inability to find a single strong candidate the Whigs' problem of divided leadership

Which of the following did Martin Van Buren emphasize?

the party's need for a permanent opposition party loyalty and preservation of the party

In which of the following cases did Jackson demonstrate his belief that the power of the federal government should be reduced?

the war against the Bank of the United States the veto of the Maysville Road

The Black Hawk War was notable for the

vicious behavior of the American military.

John C. Calhoun maintained that states could nullify federal laws because the federal government

was a creation of the states.

Senator Robert Y. Hayne accused easterners of deliberately slowing ______ growth to maintain their power.

western

In the mid-1830s, a new opposition coalition emerged called the

whigs

During the "age of Jackson," voting rights were extended to most

white men.