HIST 1301 Combination - 2.5
Nathaniel Bacon:
Farmer who resented Berkeley and the overall unbalanced power of the Virginia government which then lead to a rebellion by him and other farmers.
During the late 1600s and early 1700x, _ posed the greatest threat to Spanish dominance in western North America.
France
What European country sponsered the voyages of Giovanna de Verrazano and Jacques Cartier to find a "Northwest Passage" around or through North America to China?
France
Which of the following nations remained America's most important ally during the American Revolution?
France
Which of the following best describes the Huguenots?
French immigrants who left because the government revoked the liberties given to them
Which of the following was NOT a major problem facing the British at the end of the French and Indian War?
French territorial holdings in North America
What was Canada's most lucrative export?
Furs, obtain the pelts of beavers and other animals
Who popularized the medical theory of "humoralism"?
Galen
The Maryland colony was the vision of
George Calvert.
Who became the head of the British Crown in 1760?
George III
According to _____________, history is, in part, "a pack of lies."
George Santayana
Powerful open-air preacher who made several tours
George Whitfield Great Awakening
Two of the most important ministers of the Great Awakening were
George Whitfield and Johnathan Edwards
Jacob Leisler:
German American colonist who helped create the Huguenot settlement of New Rochelle and later served as a Lieutenant Governor of New York. He led a rebellion seizing control of the country until he was captured and executed in NYC for treason against William and Mary.
Pennsylvania
German immigrants to the New World in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries were most likely to settle in _________.
The _ _ occurred in 1688, when William and Mary became joint sovereigns of England in a bloodless coup.
Glorious Revolution
The--------,--------- occurred in 1688, when William and Mary became joint sovereigns of England in a bloodless coup.
Glorious Revolution
To Jonathan Edwards,
God should be placed at the center of human existence
What two commodities brought wealth to the Portuguese explorers in Africa?
Gold and Slaves, local merchants acquired slaves and gold in the interior and transported them to the coast where they exchanged them for European manufactures.
John Winthrop:
Governor of Massachusetts Bay colony, known for forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. Translates Puritan values into practical poilcies
The first major American religious revival, the _________ ________ , occurred in the 1730s and 1740s.
Great Awakening
The first major American religious revival, the __________ __________, occurred in the 1730s and 1740s.
Great Awakening
George Whitefield is associated with the
Great Awakening.
What name was given to the mass exodus of the Puritans to the New World during the 1630s?
Great Migration
The first major American religious revival, the ........, ..........occurred in the 1730s and 1740s.
Great, Great Awakening, or great Blank 2: Awakening or awakening
Describe the Spanish settlement in the Southwest in the 17th and 18th centuries. Why did they colonize St. Augustine in 1565?
Growth was super slow, mostly of men that were not born in Spain, exploited Indians for labor. They colonized St Augustin bc of a concern over French encroachment.
Match the colonial college with its description: Harvard: William and Mary: Yale: Princeton:
Harvard: the first American college. William and Mary: institution established by Anglicans in Williamsburg, Virginia. Yale: university founded by Congregationalists. Princeton: university that emerged out of the Great Awakening as the College of New Jersey.
Which of the following statements about Rhode Island founder Roger Williams is false?
He envisioned the Rhode Island colony as a theocracy.
Which of the following statements about Jonathan Edwards is not correct?
He opposed attempts to combat disease, which he considered God's punishment for sin.
Which statement about Jonathan Edwards is not correct?
He opposed attempts to combat disease, which he considered God's punishment for sin.
Why did the English king Henry VIII break England away from the Roman Catholic church in 1534?
He wanted to divorce his wife, and the church refused.
Why was Columbus motivated with going across the Atlantic to reach China?
He wanted to find a new all water route to Asia (cathay)
Why did Henry VIII secede with Rome Catholic Church?
He wanted to marry Anne Boleyn bc she should produce an heir but he was still married to Catherine, then married Anne in secret bc she was pregnant. The pope refused to annul the marriage.
What were some of the reasons why the Chesapeake colonies developed so differently from the New England colonies?
High mortality was a major reason the Chesapeake colonies developed differently from those of New England. The major killers were contagious diseases and the salt in the water supply also took a toll. Chesapeake colonies focused almost exclusively on the production and export of tobacco and a few other cash crops while the New England colonies focused on shipping, lumber and export of food crops.
Where did the indentured servants referred to in this document originally come from?
Holland
According to your professor, which of the following was NOT a key factor that worked for the radicals and independence?
The British refusal to allow colonial representatives as members of Parliament.
Why were the colonists upset about the Staple Act of 1663?
It meant that all imports to the colonies first had to enter England so that all goods shipped to the colonies were from British ship. The customs reduced the planters' profits and reduced competition and meant that growers have to sell their crops at low prices
Which of the following statements is true about the population of New England between 1650 and 1700?
It quadrupled through reproduction alone.
Why did Virginian tobacco planters object to the Navigational Acts?
It reduced the tobacco planters' profits due to the taxes on tobacco.
Identify the term headright system and explain how this policy promoted English migration to the New World.
It was a system of grants of land to those who paid for more immigrants to come to the colonies (50 acres/person)
Which of the following is true of the territory that Charles II granted to his brother, the Duke of York, in 1664?
It was already claimed by the Dutch.
What was the significance of the Mayflower Compact (1620)?
It was an agreement to establish a government (majority rule) because they had no legal right to be where they were
Which of the following best describes the headright system?
It was an effort by the Virginia Company to entice new workers to the colony
Which of the following statements about the Stono Rebellion are accurate?
It was crushed, and most of its participants were executed. It resulted in the death of several whites. It was the most serious slave revolt of the colonial period.
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the Massachusetts Bay Company?
It was established by a charter granted by Charles I.
What was the envision and main goal of Ben Franklin drafting the Albany Plan?
It was his plan to have a Grand Council made up of elected delegates from the colonies to oversee matters of common defense, western expansion, and Indian affairs.
Which statement about the Enlightenment is not correct?
It was opposed to Christianity
Which of the following statements about the Enlightenment is not correct?
It was opposed to Christianity.
Which of the following is true about the practice of medicine during the seventeenth century?
It was relatively easy to practice medicine, even without professional training.
Who was the English king to issue the first charter of Virginia?
King James
Columbus first took his plan to find a new route to the rich markets of Asia to
King John II of Portugal.
What was the key factor to a tobacco planter?
Labor made the difference, more workers meant larger harvests and larger profits
What factors plagued the Jamestown settlement from the very beginning?
Lack of food, disease, bad location, lack of cooperation from colonists, Native American attacks
What were the cultural characteristics of Native American society focusing on land, religion, family and kinship traits, and gender roles?
Land - They had mostly communal lands, and they developed complex irrigation systems for their farmlands. They settled mainly in south/southwest North America and central America. Religion - They believed in a variety of gods, thought nature was sacred and possessed spiritual powers, held ceremonies between the human and spirit worlds, and passed their beliefs down orally. Family and Kinship - They had extended families and clans, kinship based on communities and matrilineal descent, and loved trading and giving gifts to each other. Gender Roles - Once agriculture developed, women had important roles as farmers, while men were warriors and hunters.
Beringia
Land bridge formerly connecting Asia and North America that's now submerged beneath the Bering Sea
Identify the term "proprietary".
Land granted to someone or their family as a favor or paying off a debt, a proprietor is the person who owns the land
Which of the following was true of the low country by 1740?
The Carolina low country had 40,000 slaves, who constituted 90% of the population in the region around Charleston.
Between 1660 and 1673, the English government passed three ______ Acts to regulate trade in the colonies.
Navigation
Jonathan Edwards
New England Congregationalist who attacked the doctrine of easy salvation for all
Which statement regarding John Smith's role at Jamestown is not correct?
Smith refused to work with or learn from the Indians.
Which of the following are characteristics of the partial-inheritance system in New England?
Sons were more dependent on their father's good favor
In which of the following colonies were most African slaves concentrated in the late colonial era?
South Carolina and Georgia
Treaty of Tordesillas:
Spain and Portugal signed this treaty in 1494. It recognized a bull issued by Pope Alexander VI the previous year that had divided all newly discovered lands outside of Europe between these 2 catholic nations. Declared that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and East to Portugal.
What has been the legacy of Spain to the New World?
Spain conquered a lot, and left a legacy in the form of culture and language along with other things.
All of the following were complex civilizations that arose in the "New World" before Columbus EXCEPT
Spanish
Georgia was founded, in part, to serve as a buffer between South Carolina and
Spanish Florida.
The Spanish Armada:
Spanish fleet (ships) to invade England in 1588. Ships, sailors, soldiers, brass guns, iron guns, and reinforcements. The Netherlands, the French civil war, trade and piracy, religion, marriage proposal
Which is NOT an accurate example of the ways in which colonial powers made use of Indians or slaves in their struggle to dominate the borderlands of the Southeast?
Spanish priests stirred up revolt among the Indians of the Carolinas.
Which of the following were the aims of George Calvert in seeking to establish the Maryland colony?
-He wanted to establish a haven for English Catholics. -He wanted to create a profitable real estate venture.
As the Spanish began colonizing California in the 1760s, _ were established along the Pacific coast from San Diego to San Francisco.
-Missions -Forts -Trading communities
Which of the following are true regarding the use of indentured servants and African slaves in early Virginia?
-Most indentured servants were English immigrants. -At first the colonists may have expected the Africans to be freed after a term of service.
Which four of the following were Restoration-era colonies established during the quarter-century reign of Charles II?
-New York -New Jersey -Pennsylvania -Carolina
Which of the following best explains why traditional male-centered family structures were difficult to maintain in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake?
Because of high mortality rates, family structures were constantly changing.
Why did the Roanoke settlement fail?
Because they ran short on supplies and were hostile toward local Native people, not fully known
What body was established to settle disputes that occurred at sea?
Board of Trade- expected to monitor colonial affairs closely and give government officials the best advice on commercial and other problems
Resistance to the Townshend duties resulted in the dispatch of British troops to Boston in 1768. In 1770, their presence provoked the
Boston Massacre
Agriculture areas in New York, Pennsylvania and the Connecticut river supplied much of the colonies' A. rye B. barley C. wheat D. soybeans
C
Which of the following was not a consequence of the Great Awakening?
Created separation between the church and state.
Because trade in southern crops such as tobaccoo and rice took place elsewhere, A. marketing became a topic of little interest in the South B. southern planters were often cheated by outsiders C. the fruits of southern labor ended up far from the south D. the South developed few large cities
D
Most northern colonists supported themselves economically, at least partially, by A. working in factories in inner cities B. bartering commodities and services C. purchasing stock in companies D. engaging in home-based industries
D
The Iron Act of 1750 is an example of
English parliamentary regulations that restricted American industrial growth.
The Iron Act of 1750 was an example of
English parliamentary regulations that restricted American industrial growth.
Which statement about the turning point in North American slavery during the mid-1690s is not correct?
English slavers recognised the economic benefits of slavery after extensive study
Which of the following statements about the turning point in North American slavery during the mid-1690s is not correct?
English slavers recognized the economic benefits of slavery after extensive study.
John Rolfe:
Englishman who became a colonist in Jamestown, married Pocahontas and took her to his homeland of England. He perfected the tobacco industry in North America and died during one of the many Indian attacks on the colony. Known for the valuable tobacco export. He grew a milder variety that was more appealing to European smokers.
The ________ was an eighteenth-century movement that celebrated human reason and scientific inquiry.
Enlightenment
The __________ was an eighteenth-century movement that celebrated human reason and scientific inquiry.
Enlightenment
What did the Quakers have in common with the Puritans?
Establishment of a religious refuge in North America
What did the colonies of New York and New Jersey have in common?
Ethnic and religious diversity
In 1492, ________________ was actually very marginal and needed the "New World" to gain wealth and power.
Europe
Importer of agricultural goods and exporter of manufactured goods.
Europe's role in the triangular trade
Which statement regarding the grant of land given by Charles II to William Penn is not correct?
Fearing that Penn would develop dictatorial powers, the king sharply limited his authority in the colony.
What two rulers of the newly united Spain would help to finance Columbus' voyage to the west?
Ferdinand and Isabella
Which statement about men and women in the Chesapeake is not correct?
Few women outlived their husbands
Which of the following were obstacles to the development of colonial commerce?
Fierce competition among commercial companies no way to find out about the supply and demand for goods lack of a reliable currency
From the Spanish colony in _, Spanish traders and missionaries began moving northward into _.
Florida; Georgia
From the Spanish colony in ______, Spanish traders and missionaries began moving northward into ______.
Florida; Georgia
Jamestown:
Founded by 105 colonists landed near the mouth of James River in Virginia. Settlers here didn't want to build houses or work in the fields so they mined for gold instead. It was built close to a swamp and diseases spread bc the bad water and flies, native Americans attacked often. (Those two reasons are why it almost failed)
During the late 1600s and early 1700s, ______ posed the greatest threat to Spanish dominance in western North America.
France
Who was Captain John Smith and what was his role at Jamestown?
He was a seasoned soldier, leader of Jamestown until he was wounded, imposed military discipline in the colony
Which of the following best describes Nathaniel Bacon?
He was an aristocrat who led a revolt of backcountry men.
Sir Edmund Andros:
He was the royal governor of the Dominion of New England. Colonists resented his enforcement of the Navigation Acts creating a commercial depression and the attempt to abolish the colonial meetings.
Which is true regarding Penn's relations with the Indians?
He worked to respect the natives and their culture.
What were some advantages of Columbus' voyage to the New World?
Helped spread Western religions and ideas, brought more trade
Who was established as supreme head of the Church of England through Parliament's Act of Supremacy in 1534?
Henry VIII
During most of the Spanish colonial era, much of the region that is now Arizona was governed from _ _ in New Mexico.
Santa Fe
Describe the trans-Atlantic economy of the 18th century. What percentage of American exports went to Britain? What explains the increased growth rate of British exports to the American colonies?
Saw America export large amounts of agricultural produce, found the British trying to limit products that competed with British goods 360% increase in exports Because small favorites produce certain goods more efficiently and more cheaply than the colonists could. The availability altered the lives of Americans.
Vikings:
Scandinavian seafarers (Norsemen) established settlements in the New World
The clearest indication of the influence of the Enlightenment on colonial America was the increasing interest in ______ knowledge.
Scientific
The largest group of European immigrants to the American colonies in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries were
Scotch-Irish from Ulster in northern Ireland.
The largest group of European immigrants to the American colonies in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century were
Scotch-Irish from Ulster in northern Ireland.
Other than the English themselves, what was the largest immigrant group to settle in the colonies in this era?
Scottish Presbyterians
Who were the conquistadores?
Seasoned Spanish soldiers who conquered new territories
George Calvert:
Secretary of State/Minister of Parliament, he was made the first Baron of Baltimore which he was named as "Lord Baltimore", he helped create English colonies in America which is why he wanted to establish a colony. Shocked everyone by publicly declaring his Catholicism and was forced to resign. He wanted to build a colony in Newfoundland but it didn't work due to bad climate reasons.
T or F: An unmarried colonial woman could enter into a contract on her own, but she lost that legal right upon marriage.
T
Which of the following best explains what John Winthrop meant by a "city upon a hill"?
The Massachusetts settlers viewed themselves as an example to the world.
Which of the following is an accurate statement about life on Plymouth Plantation?
The Pilgrims developed a profitable trade in fish and furs.
Which statement regarding the Puritans' emigration from England is not correct?
The Puritans sought to find a colony where all people would be free to worship as they wished.
Who among the following was an outspoken evangelist who started and led a Quaker colony in America after receiving a royal grant?
William Penn
Which statement about Pennsylvania's 1701 Charter of Liberties is not correct?
William Penn remained in Pennsylvania to see that its provisions were implemented.
Who did the "Glorious Revolution" bring to power in England?
William and Mary
LOCALISM is the conviction that local concerns and interests and loyalties are more significant and command a higher loyalty than national concerns and goals.
True
Of the many things that will cause concern in America since the Declaration, one of the most difficult with be how to understand slavery in context with this new set of American proclaimed values.
True
Over time, the tendency in colonial history was for more and more of the colonies to become royal colonies.
True
South Carolina and Georgia became dependent on slave labor for which two of the following reasons?
White workers refused to perform rice cultivation. Many Africans were experts in rice cultivation and harvesting.
Africans in the Caribbean colonies of the 1600s typically did all of the following, except
adopt Christianity.
Prior to the start of the Great Awakening, there was worry that American society was
adopting a more secular outlook.
What did Europe import and export
agricultural goods and exporter of manufactured goods
The survival of the Jamestown settlement was, in large part, due to
agricultural techniques developed by the Indians and borrowed by the English.
Under the Articles of Confederation,
each state had one vote in Congress.
What was the source of Shays's Rebellion?
economic depression
The ______ program authorized Spanish colonists in the Southwest to force Indians to work for them and to pay them a yearly tribute or tax.
encomienda
The First Continental Congress created an organization to
enforce a new trade boycott against England.
Most northern colonists supported themselves economically, at least partially, by
engaging in home-based industries.
What did North America import and export
manufactured good and exporter of agricultural products
What did England and other European nations contribute to the triangular trade?
manufactured goods
What did Africa import and export
manufactured goods and exporter of slaves
Because of colonial opposition, the stamp act was
never enforced
Because of colonial opposition, the Stamp Tax was
never enforced.
Which of the following was among the American colonies' primary exports in the triangular trade?
raw materials
The backcountry gentry most resented Berkeley's
refusal to allow settlers to move farther west.
For the most part, seventeenth-century colonial plantations were
relatively small and unsophisticated.
Concerns over ______ motivated the development of a rigid system of slavery in the early eighteenth century.
the availability of labor
When the Revolutionary crisis began to build in the 1760s and 1770s, it originated in the cities, because cities were
the centers of intellectual ideas and discussions.
Which of the following was not one of the "Ten Interesting Facts about the Incas?"
they failed to create any system of roads and highways
Slaves were most likely to develop a society and culture of their own when
they lived in larger communities.
Puritans were influential in North American because of all of the following EXCEPT:
they possessed a powerful military.
Which of the following was not a "Fascinating Fact about the Aztecs?"
they practices monogamy
Puritans believed
they were God's chosen people.
Which practice was adopted by the American legal system from the English system?
trial by jury
Which of the following difficulties were unique to female slaves?
unwanted sexual advances from white planters and overseers raising mulatto children whose white fathers refused to acknowledge them
Anthony Johnson
was given freedom, married, and acquired land, livestock, and slaves of different ethnicities.
Spain
was the first European nation to actively colonize the Americas.
Which of the following best explains why New England experienced a high rate of natural population increase in the 1600s?
-extremely high birth rates. -exceptional longevity.
Under the partial-inheritance system in New England,
-fathers divided lands equally among sons. -sons were more dependent on their father's good favor.
Settlers in America adopted an attitude of religious toleration because
-many religious traditions existed in close proximity to one another. -conditions virtually required it.
Which of the following might a slave learn in order to be hired out to other planters?
-midwifery. -sewing. -blacksmithing. -carpentry.
After completing their terms of service, male indentured servants
-often did not receive what they had been promised. -found themselves unprepared and ill-equipped for independence.
Which is not an accurate example of the ways in which colonial powers made use of Indians or slaves in their struggle to dominate the borderlands of the Southeast?
Spanish priests stirred up revolt among the Indians of the Carolinas.
About how many Jews were there in colonial America?
2,000
Aztecs resembled the Spanish in that they were
2. Fierce and warlike and also deeply religious
By 1760, approximately how many enslaved Africans were found in the mainland colonies?
250,000
.. During the colonial period, about _______ percent of southern female slaves were field workers.
60
What percentage of the population of South Carolina Lowlands in the 1700s was black?
60% of the population was black.
What percentage of white colonists who went to Virginia and Maryland were indentured servants?
70-85% of the white colonists were not free.
Demand for slaves in America grew rapidly after A. tobacco became a profitable crop in the Chesapeake B. cotton became a cash crop in the Deep South C. supply of white indentured labor increased D. whites failed to turn indians into slaves
A
Each new settlement in colonial New England drew up a _____ to formalize settlers' commitment to unity and harmony A. covenant B. code C. charter D. creed
A
In the Great Awakening, the term "Old light" and "New Light" referred to A. traditionalists and revivalists B. Puritans and Baptists C. the Old World and the New World D. the Old Testament and the New Testament
A
Which of the following was the last European group to establish colonies in North America
A. England
The first farming societies in the new World emerged in
A. Northern Mexico
Under the African system of slavery
A. Slaves were allowed to marry, their condition was not inherited, and their living circumstances were much the same as the rest of the tribe members.
One of the most crucial factors in assuring the economic development of European colonies in the "New World" was
A. The Atlantic slave trade
In general, the religions of the Easter Woodland Indians were
A.Animistic
Virgin of Guadalupe:
Apparition of the Virgin Mary that has become a symbol of Mexican nationalism. Blending Indian and European cultures together.
Joint-Stock Company:
Business enterprise that enabled investors to pool money for commerce and funding for colonies A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts. Developed to gather the savings from the middle class to support finance colonies.
In a secret meeting in 1629, Puritan investors in the Massachusetts Bay Company decided to
Buy out the other investors and move as a group to Amercia.
Which statement about Cotton Mather and his smallpox inoculation efforts is not correct?
By supporting inoculation, Mather signified his disbelief in the idea of disease as a punishment for sin.
Which of the following statements about smallpox inoculation efforts is not correct?
By supporting inoculation, Mather signified his disbelief in the ideas of disease as a punishment for sin.
A balanced sex ratio was important in the colonies because A. puritans frowned on sexual activity, even between married adults B. larger numbers of men posed a threat to the social order C. growth in the number of women led to growth in the number of families and births D. as long as women remained in the minority, they exerted enormous power
C
Because towns and cities in the south were few and far between, plantations became A. strongholds of resistance to urbanization B. formally incorporated political entities C. self-contained communities D. linked with one another
C
Colonial America placed high value on education despite A. a belief that people did not need an education to farm B. concerns that education detracted from godliness C. a limited amount of available time for education D. their antipathy toward Europeans
C
Much of colonial America viewed Catholics as A. misguided traditionalists B. forces for social disorder C. agents of foreign influence D. impractical
C
The Great Awakening appealed most to which group? A. eldest sons of established families B. older men C. women D. people
C
The clearest indication of the influence of the Enlightenment on colonial America was the increasing interest in _______ knowledge A. esoteric B. spiritual C. scientific D. practical
C
The two powerful forces that competed to shape the 17th century American intellectual life were the philosophizes of A. tradition and the Scientific Revolution B. tradition adn the Enlightenment C. religion and the Enlightenment D. reliigion and the Scientific Revolution
C
Which best described life expectancy and marriage in the 17th century Chesapeake? A. women often planned a future independent from their husbands due to long life expectancy B. women tended to outlive their husbands because of better overall health C. women tended to outlive their husbands because they married at a young age D. women had fewer potential marital partners due to long life expectancy
C
Which of the following statements regarding birth and mortality rate in the Chesapeake during the 1600s is incorrect? A. the white population included large numbers of widows, widowers, and orphans B. 1/4 of all children died in infancy C. white women had a significantly longer life expectancy than white men D. because of high death rates, only about 1/3 of marriages lasted more than 10 years
C
Which of the following was not one of the basic teachings of the Enlightenment A. Not all knowledge is spiritually based B. People have an innate moral sense C. Faith is essential and miracles are real D. Human reason can advance knowledge
C
what did not cause the rise of an entrepreneurial merchant class in colonial America? A. trade protections under England's navigation Acts B. high English demand for American products C. a concerted effort by Parliament to foster such a class D. access to markets in England and the West Indies
C
Though it continued well into the 18th century, use of indentured labor in the colonies began to decline in the 1670s because of which of the following factors? A. english employers lobbying the king to put a stop to it B. new standards limiting the use of indentured labor C. an increase in English prosperity D. a decrease in the English birth rate
C, D
Which of the following difficulties were unique to women slaves, but not to the slave population in general? A. attending to the need of their masters regardless of their own wishes B. exposure to sever physical punishments C. unwanted sexual advances from white planters and overseers D. raising mulatto children whose white fathers refused to acknowledge then
C, D
They system of slavery became firmly established in the early 18th century because of which of the following reasons? A. Africans lacked the ability to make a living by other means B. Africans did not understand their legal rights C. Africans created a new laborers through natural increase D. Africans had no contractual protections E. Africans were not under a fixed term of servitude
C, D, E
Which of the following luxuries became a virtual necessity in the emerging consumer environment of colonial America? A. canned food B. a coal-burning stove C. tea D. manufactured cutlery E. household linens F. coffee
C,D, E
All of the following were developments contributing to the colonizing impulse of England EXCEPT A. The desire to clear England of some of its surplus population by colonizing them in other lands. B. The desire to extract as much wealth as possible from foreign lands. C. The desire to expand the developing ideas of democracy. D. Religious dissent at home.
C.
As Europe began to recover from the Black Death after 1450, all of following led Europeans to look outward Except A. A commercial revolution and the rise of powerful new nation states. B. The adaptation and refinement of Arab Technologies C. The recent discovery that the world was indeed spherical rather than flat.
C.
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain funded Columbus's voyage in hopes that he would do all of the following except A. Open up a new trade route to Asia B. Allow the Spanish to occupy lands found on his journey. C. Prove the world was flat D. Spread Christianity across the globe.
C.
The new system of slavery in which Africans provided most of the labor in the "New World" was known as
C. Chattel slavery
The most important agricultural product for the inhabitants of the "New World" prior to contact with Europeans was
C. Maize
The ______ began when Martin Luther challenged the authority of the Catholic Church.
C. Protestant Reformation
The first English explorers to come to the "New World" with the intention of setting up colonies were
C. Sir Walter Raleigh and Sir Gilbert Humphrey
The early European settlers of North America came into contact primarily with
C. The Eastern Woodland Indians
All of the following were developments contributing to the colonizing impulse of England except ?
C. The desire to expand the developing the ideas of democracy
Although French settlement was sparse in the "New World," they prospered because
C. They developed wide- ranging trade networks with native populations.
What was the most famous victory in King George's War?
Capture of Louisbourg demonstrated the British colonists could fight and mount effective joint operations.
In 1688, when members of Parliament feared that James II would be succeeded by a ______ king, they invited his daughter Mary and her husband, William, to reign jointly.
Catholic
In the English Civil War, the king's supporters were known as the ______, and supporters of Parliament were known as the ______.
Cavaliers; Roundheads
What English monarch in 1660 led to the resumption of colonial expansion in North America?
Charles II a restoration cooling is one of the land grants given by him as a reward for his supporters
After Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, his son tried and failed to maintain his authority, with the result that
Charles II assumed the throne, beginning the Restoration.
Mestizos:
Children of mixed race
What new religious changes would occur in Western Europe?
Christians started criticizing the Pope and Catholic Church for worldliness and abuse of power. German monk Martin Luther inspired the Reformation by inviting open debate on the Church. The Church refused to change, so Luther and others formed their own religious organizations. Anyone who supported the reforming of the Church was called a Protestant. John Calvin also talked about the doctrine of predestination.
What person, sailing for Spain, became obsessed with the idea of sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean to reach Asia and China?
Christopher Columbus
The official faith in many colonies.
Church of England
Match the eighteenth-century religious group with its description.
Church of England: The official faith in many colonies Puritians- had growing tendency for different congregations to affiliate with different denominations Dutch Reform- A calvinist denomination represented in parts of NY and NJ Americans Baptists- A variety of sects united by belief in total immersion for mature believers.
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the area between the Carolinas and Florida was the site of which of the following?
Spanish-French tensions Spanish efforts to build forts English-Spanish tensions
The first permanent Spanish settlement in what is now the United States was
St. Augustine
Cahokia was a large trading center located near what present-day city?
St. Louis
The first settlers to Maryland established the village of
St. Mary's.
Sumptuary Laws:
Statutes that limited wearing fine apparel to the wealthy and prominent laws that regulated consumption associated with class based societies
The ______ Rebellion in 1739 was the largest colonial slave revolt.
Stono
The __________ Rebellion in 1739 was the largest colonial slave revolt.
Stono
The most common form of resistance by enslaved Africans was
Subtle acts of defiance
Which of the following were major exports from the Caribbean colonies to the mainland during the 1600s?
Sugar Rum Slaves
What crop did the English cultivate making a fortune producing using slave labor in Barbados? Why did some of these planters eventually leave Barbados and settle in Carolina?
Sugar; moved to Carolina for more land for plantations on the tributaries and established themselves immediately as the colony's most powerful pollination faction.
Headright:
System of land distribution in which settlers were granted a 50-acre plot of land by the colonial government for each servant or dependent they transported to the New World. It encouraged the recruitment of a large servile labor force. Encourage immigration by granting large tracts of land to new settlers in the colonies
Colonial agriculture in the northern colonies was more diversified than in the southern colonies.
T
True or false: The term "triangular trade" is inaccurate because the "triangle" had more than three points.
T
What was the main ceremonial center of the Aztecs?
Tenochtitlan
Which of the following statements regarding the Carolina colony in the later seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries is NOT correct?
Thanks to Anthony Ashley Cooper's efforts, Carolina was one of the most stable English colonies in America.
Which statement about William Penn and the profitability of the Pennsylvania colony is NOT correct?
Thanks to his successful investments, William Penn retired to a life of leisure in Philadelphia in 1718.
Which of the following did not happen in Massachusetts or New England in the aftermath of the Glorious Revolution?
England's new rulers made a vain attempt to restore Governor Andros to power.
The major participants in the Seven Years' War in North America were the
English and the French
Why weren't the natives a significant factor in the European colonization of the Caribbean islands?
European epidemics decimated native populations after Columbus's first visit in 1492.
Causes of population increase in seventeenth-century English North America include which of the following?
European immigration African slaves natural increase among the English
Causes of population increase in seventeenth-century English North America include which of the following?
European immigration natural increase among the English African slaves
The second wave of migrants to the "New World" consisted primarily of
Europeans and Africans
How did the American Enlightenment differ from the European Enlightenment? Describe Benjamin Franklin's intellectual contributions.
Europeans dealt with new radical ideas through salons and schools and changed the ways that they think of God, nature, and society. Americans dealt with search for useful knowledge, ideas, and inventions to improve the quality of human life. Benjamin Franklin discovers electricity, invented the lightning rod, designed a stove, etc
What was the purpose of Giovanni da Verrazanno and Jacques Cartier's voyages?
Explore the northern reaches of North America to find gold, spices, and a passage to Asia.
Which of the following best explain why New England experienced a high rate of natural population increase in the 1600s?
Extremely high birth rates Exceptional longevity
True or false: By definition, plantations are vast estates owned by aristocrats.
F
True or false: Northern colonies were as dominated by agriculture as those of the South.
F
What is not one of the basic teachings of the Enlightenment?
Faith is essential and miracles are real
Although there was no sense of a common purpose or relationship among the 13 separate English colonies in North America, they did indeed have one thing in common from the very start: the desire to be a nation.
False
Because Protestants were outnumbered by Catholics in Maryland, its founders established a policy of religious toleration that assured freedom of worship to all Christians.
False
Both the Puritans and the Great Awaking were limited in their impact, both movements dying out by 1900.
False
Demonstrating the strength of Localism in the colonies, it took Charles Thomson, the 'perpetual secretary' of the old Continental Congress, precisely a month after he set out from Washington D.C to arrive in New York to inform George Washington he had been elected president.
False
The Articles of Confederation government was an effortless combination of localism and nationalism, with it favoring nationalism.
False
The First Continental Congress eventually declared American Independence.
False
The Lee Resolution of July 2, 1776, explained the reasons for independence while the July 4, 1776, document by Jefferson merely declared it.
False
The colonies in Connecticut were established to promote religious tolerance and freedom.
False
The government of the Articles contained only branch, the executive branch.
False
The problem with the government under the Articles is that it offered too much security and not enough liberty.
False
To deal with the problem of debt, the government of the Articles ordered more money printed.
False
To evangelicals, religion is essentially a matter of the head, not the heart.
False
True or false: Because Protestants were outnumbered by Catholics in Maryland, its founders established a policy of religious toleration that assured freedom of worship to all Christians.
False
True or false: By definition, plantations are vast estates owned by aristocrats.
False
True or false: Immigration remained the main source of population growth in New England until the American Revolution.
False
True or false: The society that formed in colonial America was completely devoid of social distinctions.
False
True or false: Unlike the European nations from which American settlers arrived, most colonial societies were religiously intolerant.
False
True or false: Unlike the European nations from which American settlers arrived, most colonial societies were religiously intolerant.
False : Religious toleration flourished in America to a degree unmatched in any European nation
Stable, Traditional.
Family life in New England was much more __________ than in the Chesapeake.
Which of the following statements regarding birth and mortality rates in the Chesapeake during the 1600s is not correct?
The population declined due to high mortality, low birth rate, and low life expectancy.
Which best explains the connection between tobacco and territorial expansion in the Chesapeake area?
The profitability of tobacco crops spurred demand for more land.
Which of the following statements about land distribution in early Maryland is accurate?
The proprietor, Lord Baltimore, retained absolute authority over land distribution.
Which of the following statements about the establishment of the Carolina colony is not correct?
The proprietors hoped to populate the colony with inexpensive expeditions from England.
Which best describes the outcome of Bacon's Rebellion?
The rebels were about to seize power when Bacon suddenly died.
When the Revolutionary crisis began to build in the 1760s and 1770s, it originated in the cities, because cities were
The renters of intellectual and discussions
Why did the population of slaves remain small in Virginia until about the 1680s?
The status of the colony's black people became unclear because some were servants and some purchased their own freedom. The problem for them was supply.
Which statement about the Dominion of New England and Sir Edmund Andros is NOT accurate?
The success of the Dominion of New England was hampered by the appointment by Charles II of the unpopular Andros as governor.
Which statement about the Dominion of New England and Sir Edmund Andros is not accurate?
The success of the Dominion of New England was hampered by the appointment by Charles II of the unpopular Andros as governor.
Why would a spouse be liable for the work of a dead family member?
The system was based on economics and travel costs.
Which of the following helps explain why the 32 people of African descent who arrived in Jamestown in the early seventeenth century were not considered slaves?
They were thought to already have been there, English had no law for slavery
Which of the following is true about the aristocracies that emerged in colonial America?
They tend to rely on the control of substantial workforce
Which of the following is true about the aristocracies that emerged in colonial America?
They tended to rely on the control of a substantial workforce.
What were several characteristics of French colonization in North America - economic, political, population, religion?
They were a trading empire (fur trade), small population, directly controlled by French government with no self-government
Who were the Anasazis that emerged north of Mexico?
They were ancestral Puebloans, also called ancient ones.
During the founding of New England colonies, why were the settlers of the Plymouth colony (Pilgrims) called "separatists"?
They were called separatists because they separated from the Church of England for religious freedom
Who were the Pueblo peoples?
They were people descended from the Anasazis who lived in farming villages (pueblos) who eventually carved their houses into canyon walls. Their descendants include the Hopis and Zunis.
Which of the following statements about societies that existed around the borders of British settlement is accurate?
They were places where European and Indian cultures interacted and neither side had a military advantage.
Who were the Eastern Woodlands "mound-building" peoples?
They were societies who built hundreds of mounds throughout the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys that mostly functioned as grave sites.
Compared to women in colonial Chesapeake, New England women
Were more likely to have their family remain intact
The preservation of ___________________ created the foundation for African-American culture.
West African extended family
Importer of slaves and exporter of agricultural products.
West Indies role in the triangular trade
What was the main point of contention between the backcountry and tidewater Virginians?
Westward expansion
Agricultural areas in New York, Pennsylvania, and the Connecticut River valley supplied much of the colonies'
Wheat
The commercial relationships that linked Africa, the West Indies, America, and Europe. The network of imports and exports that spanned the Atlantic world.
Which of the following accurately reflects the term "triangular trade"?
Precarious
Which of the following most accurately describes the plantation economy?
A blending of Christianity and African folklore, Strong and elaborate family structures.
Which of the following were characteristic of the distinct slave culture?
African slaves were more dependable and controllable form of labor, The flow of indentures into America declined with improved economic conditions in England, Former indentures were a source of social unrest.
Why did planters switch from indentured to slave labor in the Chesapeake?
Great Awakening:
Widespread evangelical religious revival movement of the mid 1700s. This new emotional form of piety divided congregations and weakened the authority of established churches in the colonies.
Which of the following might the Massachusetts Puritans have most likely interpreted as a sign of God's approval or favor?
a profitable business venture
Puritans
a religion increasingly affiliated with Congregationalism or Presbyterianism
Though its founders had specific ideas in planning the Georgia colony, ultimately the colony's population included which of the following?
a smaller proportion of English settlers than any other American colony hundreds of poor English and Scottish tradesmen and artisans a relatively small number of debtors and released prisoners a small group of Jews, as well as religious refugees from Germany and Switzerland
Baptists
a variety of sect united by belief in total immersion re baptism for mature believers
What principle governs whether the travelers would be set free at the end of the journey?
ability to pay for the passage
Where was the Mayflower Compact drawn up?
aboard the Pilgrims' ship
Africans in the Caribbean colonies of the 1600s typically did all of the following, except
adopt Christianity
One effect of Shays's Rebellion was that it
contributed to the growing belief the national government needed reform.
During her captivity, Pocahontas
converted to Christianity.
The French and Indian War in North America
convinced the British a reorganization of empire was necessary
Upon a husband's death, wives in the colonies
could inherit and hold property
Each new settlement in colonial New England drew up a _____ to formalize settlers' commitment to unity and harmony.
covenant
Each new settlement in colonial New England drew up a ______ to formalize settlers' commitment to unity and harmony.
covenant
In the belief that it would help to create a more stable society in their Caribbean settlements, English settlers did which of the following?
created institutions like those at home instituted slave codes
By permitting a representative assembly for the colony's southern counties, Pennsylvania's 1701 Charter of Liberties had the unintended consequence of
creating a new colony, Delaware.
The Great Awakening occurred as a result of concerns over
declining piety
What was one of the effects of the Great Awakening in America?
declining respect for established authority
According to Dr. Cox, historical interpretations
depend partly upon the historian's point of view or frame of reference.
What factor is believed to have most dramatically reduced New World native populations after contact with Europeans?
disease
In 1629, England's king Charles I ______, a state of affairs that remained in effect until 1640.
dissolved Parliament
. Maroon communities were made up of
escaped slaves, most durable communities in Spanish colony of Florida because they offered refuge for slaves escaping British colonies..
The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494
essentially divided the New World between Spain and Portugal
The voyage of John Cabot in 1497
established England's claim to the east coast of North America.
What did the colonies of New York and New Jersey have in common?
ethnic and religious diversity
Which of the following best explain why New England experienced a high rate of natural population increase in the 1600s?
extremely high birth rates exceptional longevity
What is not one of the basic teachings of the Enlightenment?
faith is essential and miracles are real
The switch to agriculture in the "New World" fundamentally changed societies primarily because
farming required the development of permanent settlements
For an evangelical, which emotion best describes how one might want to feel about God?
fear
The Puritan founders in Massachusetts who described their colony as a "city upon a hill"
felt they were creating a holy community that would be a model for the world.
Most slaves in the North American colonies worked as __________ hands.
field
Identify the three Navigation Acts.
first (1660)- banned non-English trade for the colonies, and required sale of certain products exclusively to England second (1663) -provided that all goods shipped from Europe to the colonies had to pass through England for taxation third (1673) imposed duties on the coastal trade among the English colonies and provided for customs officials
In their attempts to create a prosperous agricultural economy, Spanish colonists in the Southwest
forced Indians to work and pay a yearly tribute.
Those known as Separatists
gave up on reforming the Church of England.
Under the new policies of the Virginia Company in 1609, poor people were
given free passage if they agreed to serve the company for seven years.
The terms "lady" and "gentleman" were used for elites in colonial America, while people in the lower classes were known by the terms __________ and __________.
goodwife; goodman
A balanced sex ratio was important in the colonies because
growth in the number of women led to growth in the number of families and births
The Stamp Act of 1765
helped to unite the colonies in opposition to the English government
Like the Sugar Act, the Townshend duties imposed a tax on
imported goods
In 1763, the British Paliament made three pivotal policy decisions regarding the North American colonies. These included all the following EXCEPT
imposing direct taxes on the colonies to raise revenue to reduce England's national debt
When did African slaves perform traditional religious practices?
in secret
The first effort to establish a significant _____ industry in the colonies took place in Saugus, Massachusetts.
metals
During colonial times, a relatively large number of women entered the medical profession as
midwives
During colonial times, a relatively large number of women entered the medical profession as
midwives.
As the Spanish began colonizing California in the 1760s, ______ were established along the Pacific coast from San Diego to San Francisco.
missions presidios, or forts trading communitie
Which of the following factors made life in New England more stable than life in the Chesapeake?
more balanced sex ratio more immigrants that arrived with family members more intact families
Compared to the Chesapeake, the sex ratio in New England was
more balanced.
Which of the following factors made life in New England more stable than life in the Chesapeake?
more intact families more immigrants that arrived with family members more balanced sex ratio
As compared to British society, in America there was
more opportunity for social mobility.
By 1776, what proportion of white males were literate in colonial America?
more than half
The reason most colonial households lacked even elementary tools was because
most people were too poor or too isolated to purchase them.
After the 1650s, _____ became the most important source of population growth.
natural increase
In order to grow tobacco on a large scale, the British
needed more farmland. had to draw on Indian expertise.
Which of the following describe the intellectual culture of colonial America? Drag the appropriate items into the "Intellectual Culture of Colonial America" column.
option 4-3-6
By the Revolutionary period, what percentage of white men in the colonies could read and write?
over 50 percent
Which of the following was a way new settlers could receive headrights from the Virginia Company?
paying for the passage of another settler
As a leading figure of the Great Awakening, Jonathan Edwards preached
people were sinners in the hands of an angry God
All of the following are parts of the historical method except
perform experiments
All of the following are parts of the Historical Method except
perform experiments.
. Miscegenation resulted in a(n) mulattoes caused
physical and cultural change.
Hernando Cortés's conquest of the Aztecs in 1518 was made possible in part for all of the following EXCEPT:
political divisions within the Aztec leadership.
Almanacs were virtually the only widely read publications in America that contained
popular humor.
George Whitefield
powerful open-aired preacher who made several tours
As head of a parliamentary committee investigating ______, James Oglethorpe became appalled by the plight of ______, and he founded Georgia partly to provide a refuge and new start for them.
prisons; honest debtors and other vulnerable people
In the early eighteenth century, colonial legislative assemblies began passing so-called ______, which limited the rights of blacks.
slaves codes
In general, the communities that developed in areas north of present-day Mexico were
smaller, more scattered, and relied on mixed economies.
The Puritans were called "Separatists" because they
sought to separate from the Church of England.
Family life in New England was much more ______ than in the Chesapeake.
stable traditional
The winter of 1609-1610 at Jamestown became known as the "______ time."
starving
The __________ Rebellion in 1739 was the largest colonial slave revolt.
stono
When a slave ship from Africa reached the West Indies, it was most likely to depart with a shipment of what as part of the triangular trade?
sugar and molasses
Rice cultivation encouraged the development of the ___ system in the low country.
task
Seventeenth-century southern plantations
tended to be rough and relatively small
Frontier areas in which settlers and Indians vied for control, with neither side able to establish clear dominance, are described as
the "middle grounds"
In the eighteenth century, under the English government's theory of representation,
the American colonies were represented in Parliament virtually
Even though Columbus concluded that he had reached Asia in October 1492, what did he actually discover?
the Americas (Bahamas/West Indies)
England passed the Coercive Acts in response to
the Boston Tea Party.
Prior to 1763, which of the following common enemies produced a shared feeling of threat or oppression?
the French and the Native Americans
The last of the Moundbuilding societies in North America was called
the Mississippian.
A 1637 war in Connecticut between English settlers and Indians in the region was known as
the Pequot War
During the early history of Jamestown, power in the region was held by
the Powhatan Confederacy.
American merchants defied the English Navigation Acts by developing markets in
the West Indies.
Concerns over _____ motivated the development of a rigid system of slavery in the early eighteenth century.
the availability of labor
After an initial period of peaceful relations, tensions arose between white settlers and Native Americans in New England because of
the colonists' increasing demand for more land.
During the middle passage, Africans could expect which of the following?
to be given little food or water to be chained
What was the primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763?
to help England avoid costly Indian wars in the colonies
What was a primary purpose of the "Committees of correspondence?"
to publicize and keep alive colonial grievances against the British
What was a primary purpose of the "committees of correspondence?"
to publicize and keep alive colonial grievances against the British
Which the following were results of the French and Indian War?
to reinstitute the program of benign neglect
Which of the following are reasons why colonial assemblies formed?
to run the political affairs of local communities because royal government was so far away
Growing demand for ______ led to the expansion of the slave labor system in the Chesapeake.
tobacco
Virginia's first profitable crop was
tobacco
Which of the following most increased the demand for slave labor in Virginia?
tobacco farming
The characteristic social unit of colonial New England was the
town
The characteristic social unit of colonial New England was the
town.
Family life in New England was much more ______ than in the Chesapeake.
traditional stable
In the Great Awakening, the terms "Old Light" and "New Light" referred to
traditionalists and revivalists.
According the medical theory of "humoralism," all of the following are bodily fluids that contain "humors" except
urine.
Why did the length of the first leg of the voyage vary so much?
variable winds
Which of the following best characterizes England's Caribbean settlements in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries?
vital to Britain and the Atlantic trading world
Indentured servants who worked on Chesapeake tobacco plantations sold their freedom for a number of years in exchange for
voyage to North America (completed servitude and remained in America as free [if survived]).
Almanacs were most famously used for their
weather predictions
What was the main point of contention between backcountry and tidewater Virginians?
westward expansion
Agricultural areas in New York, Pennsylvania, and the Connecticut River valley supplied much of the colonies'
wheat.
Under what circumstances were slaves able to develop a society and culture of their own?
when they lived in larger communities.
The Great Awakening appealed most to which group?
women
Before 1750, nearly all slaves were
working on fields (both men and women).
Why was the institution of slavery different in New York than in other colonies?
The Dutch West India Company granted slaves "half freedom."
How did the English experience in Ireland impact English colonization in the New World?
The English considered the Irish people as savages and held them in contempt, building plantations that would separate the Enligsh and Irish. They assumed Native Americans would be the same, so they treated them the same way.
Women
The Great Awakening appealed most to which group?
What were important cultural characteristics of the Mayan, Toltec, and Aztec civilizations throughout central Mexico into Central America?
The Mayans had Mesoamerica's most advanced writing and Calendrical systems. The Toltecs were warriors. The Aztecs had a great empire with big cities and magnificent architecture, and they placed great emphasis on religious sacrifices and tribute payments.
Which statement regarding the Puritans' emigration from England is NOT correct?
The Puritans sought to found a colony where all people would be free to worship as they wished.
What several technological and psychological advantages allowed the small force of Spaniards to conquer the Aztec nation and others?
The Spaniards had guns and horses, and they exploited divisions in the Aztec empire and others.
Enlightenment
The _____ was an eighteenth-century movement that celebrated human reason and scientific inquiry.
Which of the following statements about accusations of witchcraft in New England in the late seventeenth century are accurate?
The accusations were not unique to Salem. Most accused "witches" were women who had broken the expected Puritan social mold. The accusations were a reflection of the religious character of New England society
Scientific
The clearest indication of the influence of the Enlightenment on colonial America was the increasing interest in _______ knowledge.
Define mercantilism.
The economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism
Columbian Exchange:
The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas from first contact throughout the era of exploration Europeans exposed Indians to new fatal diseases, Indians adopted European plants/animals, Indians introduced corn and potatoes
New England towns were typically built around a _____, or central pasture.
common
New England towns were typically built around a ______, or central pasture.
common
. Tabby was used in
concrete.
What did the West Indies import and export
slaves and exporter of agricultural products
The government of the early Massachusetts Bay colony is best described as a
theocracy.
(Bonus) History can provide us with what?
A sense of personal and social identity
Who said "history is a fable agreed upon?"
Napoleon
What of the following brought down the Incan Empire?
Pizzaro
Which of the following statements about female indentured servants in the colonies are correct?
-A female indentured servant could reasonably expect to marry when her term ended. -Female indentured servants typically worked as domestic servants. -About one-fourth of the indentured servants in the Chesapeake were women.
Which of the following were brought to Virginia in 1619?
-Africans -English women
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the relationship between the Puritans and local Indians at Plymouth?
-After the first autumn festival, settlers and natives joined together in a Thanksgiving festival. -Trade and other exchanges with the Puritans were attractive to the natives.
Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between the Puritans and local Indians at Plymouth are correct?
-After the first autumn festival, settlers and natives joined together in a Thanksgiving festival. -Trade and other exchanges with the Puritans were attractive to the natives.
Which of the following were major Spanish colonies in the 1600s and early 1700s?
-Arizona -California -New Mexico -Texas -Florida
Between 1650 and 1775, the sex ration of the white settlers in North America gradually improved because of which of the following?
-Birth rates rose. -More women chose to immigrate.
The Spanish colonizers in the Southwest during the 1600s and early 1700s sought to do which of the following?
-Convert Indians to Catholicism -Recruit Indians for agricultural work -Trade with the native population
During the 17th and 18th centuries, the area between the Carolinas and Florida was the site of which of the following?
-English-Spanish tensions -Spanish-French tensions -Spanish efforts to build forts
How did Roger Williams's religious beliefs differ from the Puritans? What colony did he establish?
-He thought that people should not be persecuted for their religion -the king had no right too be giving away the Indian land and he thought we should pay for the land -believed only members of the church should pay for the church so that states taxes should not go to the church He established Rhode Island
Which colonial American ports had populations larger than most English urban centers?
-New York. -Philadelphia.
Which of the following are reasons why newcomers to Georgia generally preferred to settle in South Carolina instead?
-Political structure under Oglethorpe and the trustees -Restrictions of the size of the individual property holdings -The ban on slavery
Which two of the following were incentives to colonization offered by the Carolina proprietors?
-Religious freedom for all Christians -A measure of political freedom, with a representative assembly
The population of the Spanish colonies in North America during the 1600s and early 1700s typically included which of the following groups?
-Religious minorities -Independent ranchers -Catholic missionaries -Spanish soldiers
In what ways was slavery in the Caribbean different than slavery elsewhere?
-Slaves were often worked to death because it was considered cheaper to buy new slaves than to treat existing slaves well. -The enslaved African workforce in the Caribbean more often came directly from Africa. -Slaves were treated more strictly and harshly in the Caribbean because of a fear of slave revolts.
Which of the following were more typical of northern Carolina than of the southern portion of the colony?
-Small farmers -Virtually no aristocracy -Backwoods farmers
Which of the following were major exports from the Caribbean colonies to the mainland during the 1600s?
-Sugar -Rum -Slaves
How did the unbalanced sex ratio affect women's lives?
-Their lives were consumed by childbearing. -They rarely remained unmarried.
Which of the following were among the reasons the Puritan Separatists from England chose to leave their new home in Holland?
-They could only obtain jobs that paid poorly. -Their children began to drift away from their church.
Which of the following clashes did Bacon's rebellion exacerbate?
-Whites versus Indians -Tidewater versus backcountry -Landless versus landowning -Lower classes versus the aristocracy
Which of the following clashes intensified during Bacon's Rebellion?
-Whites versus Indians -Tidewater versus backcountry -Landless versus landowning -Lower classes versus the aristocracy
Because the indentured labor system in the Chesapeake often failed to live up to its promises,
-a large, rootless population of young single men became a source of social unrest. -many former servants found themselves without land, jobs, or prospects.
The American colonies did not experience the explosive industrial growth that Great Britain did in the eighteenth century. Which of the following were among the major contributors to growth that the colonies lacked?
-adequate labor supply. -a large domestic market. -reliable energy supplies.
To facilitate the new consumer appetites, merchants and traders
-began advertising their goods in newspapers. -sent agents out into the countryside to visit wealthy landowners.
How did the upper classes in the colonies distinguish themselves from the lower classes in the eighteenth century?
-by commissioning portraits for display. -by accumulating possessions and fancy clothing. -by attempting to emulate London society.
Which of the following are ways in which the Virginia Company enticed people to move to Jamestown?
-by offering stock to those who paid for their passage -by offering free passage to the poor, who then worked off the debt
The system of slavery became firmly established in the early eighteenth century because Africans
-created new laborers through natural increase. -were not under a fixed term of servitude. -had no contractual protections.
Due to dependence on large-scale cash crops such as rice and tobacco, the southern economy _____ than the northern economy.
-developed less of a commercial base. -was less robust and diversified.
Describe the foundation and society of Georgia?
-protection for South Carolina planters who were against Indians -James Olgethrope was the founder -used Spain design and gave people the opportunity to start fresh -people came for power and slaves but didn't get it -eliminated rules about the amount of land men can own and allowed women to inherit land/importation of slaves
Which of the following difficulties were unique to female slaves?
-raising mulatto children whose white fathers refused to acknowledge them. -unwanted sexual advances from white planters and overseers.
As a result of the Glorious Revolution, the colonies did which of the following?
-reestablished their representative assembiles -successfully thwarted the plan for colonial unification from above
Which of the following were characteristics of the distinct slave culture?
-strong and elaborate family structures. -a blending of Christianity and African folklore.
Which of the following luxuries became a virtual necessity in the emerging consumer environment of colonial America?
-tea. -household linens. -manufactured cutlery.
What were some of the consequences of the Agricultural Revolution?
-technology increase meant an increase in food population but it replaced manual labor on the farms and many people moved to the cities to find work. -Increase in population size meant farms no longer were suitable to accommodate big sizes -More production made food less expensive -increase in sanitation and hygienic practices
In the Pequot War, King Philip's War, and other conflicts in New England during the 1600s, Indians made notable use of which two aspects of military technology?
-the flintlock rifle -large, heavily defended forts
Africans during the middle passage could expect which of the following?
-to be given little food or water. -to be chained.
Why were colonial assemblies formed?
-to run the political affairs of local communities. -because royal government was so far away.
What did Anne Hutchinson claim?
-told people she was receiving direct revelations from god -spreading the idea that its all within not through the Bible teachings -disagreed with the Puritan church
Family life in New England was much more _____ than in the Chesapeake.
-traditional. -stable.
Identify the three Navigation Acts
1. 1660: Banned non-English trade for the colonies and required sale of certain products exclusively to England 2. 1663: Provided that all goods shipped from Europe to the colonie had to pass through England for taxation 3. 1673: Imposed duties on the coastal trade among the English colonies and provided for customs officials
Place the following events in chronological order:
1. Sir Thomas Dale leads relentless assaults against Chief Powhatan's Indians. 2. English forces capture Chief Powhatan's daughter Pocahontas, and Powhatan refuses to pay a ransom for her. 3. Pocahontas converts to Christianity. 4. Powhatan ceases his attacks. 5. Powhatan's brother Opechancanough launches a surprise attack on the English.
In the 19th century when the slave trade ended the New World was responsible for the forced immigration of _________ million Africans
11
Cristoforo Colombo:
15th century sailor from Genoa. Dreaming of reaching the rich markets of Asia by sailing west from Europe, he instead stumbled upon the islands oof the Caribbean Sea. He ushered in a new age of sustained contact between the peoples of the Americas and of Europe, Africa, and Asia.
What were some of the main factors to Cortes's victory of the Aztecs?
16 horses, gaining alliance with the other enemies of the Aztec, having superior and better weapons than the natives like guns, armor, and steel.
Beginning in the ______ historical records in Virginia suggest a tendency to view African Americans as slaves.
1640s,
Conquistadores:
16th century Spanish adventurers, often of noble birth, who subdued the Native Americans and created the Spanish empire in the New World
Coureurs De Bois:
16th century religious movement to reform and challenge thee spiritual authority of the Roman Catholic Church.
One of the fundamental reasons why America never developed the same class system as England is the fact that the colonies had A. a much higher ratio of land to population B. entrenched values regarding individuals and societies C. entrenched values regarding religion and success D. a much lower ratio of land to population
A
The fact that the colonies had almost no ________ made commerce difficult A. uniform currency B. markets C. raw material D. trade laws
A
Which of the following best explains why New England experienced a high rate of natural increase in the 1600s? A. exceptional longevity B. extremely high birth rates C. decreased infant mortality D. large numbers of new arrivals
A
Which of the following did the enlightenment and the Great Awakening have in common? A. they helped undermine the power of traditional authority B. they emphasized the power of human reason C. they appealed to primarily the same people D. they called for a new commitment to salvation
A
Which of the following statements abut women and men in the Chesapeake is incorrect? A. despite high sex ratios and mortality rates, traditional family structures remained unchanged B. the most important fact affecting women until the mid-1700s was the high mortality rate C. the ratio of men to women was higher than in New England D. typical Chesapeake brides were teenager
A
Which of the following best describes the religion practiced by most African slaves?
A blend of African religions with Christianity and Judaism
What did not cause the rise of an entrepreneurial merchant class in colonial America?
A concerted effort by Parliament to foster such a class
Though it continued well into the eighteenth century, use of indentured labor in the colonies began to decline in the 1670s because of which of the following factors?
A decrease in English birth rate An increase in English prosperity
Which of the following statements about female indentured servants in the colonies are correct?
A female indentured servant could reasonably expect to marry when her term ended. About one-quarter of the indentured servants in the Chesapeake were women. Female indentured servants typically worked as domestic servants.
Articles of Capitulation:
A generous agreement that allowed Dutch nationals to remain in the province and retain their property under English rule. Took power away from government and gave more to states to tax, regulate trade, and control coinage.
Middle Ground:
A geographical zone in which people of different cultures, Native Americans and English settlers, interact without any particular culture establishing economic or military dominance.
Which of the following are effects of the failed promises of the indentured labor system in the Chesapeake?
A large, rootless population of young single men became a source of social unrest. Many former servants found themselves without land, jobs, or prospects
William Penn:
A quaker that founded Pennsylvania after receiving a charter from King Charles II to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and he free from persecution. Intended his colony to serve as a religious haven for his fellow Quakers and for members of other persecuted Protestant sects.
Identify the term royal colony and answer the question: Why did Virginia become a royal colony in 1624?
A royal colony was controlled by the monarchy, Virginia became one because it was almost wiped out
Slavery
A solution to the problem of possible rebellion - indentured servants who were armed, and who could legally meet in large groups, while slaves could not, so a main result of Bacon's Rebellion was an increase in slave labor instead of indentured servitude.
A typical southern plantation included A. service buildings and slave cabins B. a number of residents living in close proximity C. a hospital and a tailor shop D. separate houses for the owner's grown children
A, B
German immigrants to the New World in the 18th century were most likely to settle in A. NC B. Penn C. Mass D. Virginia E. SC
A, B
Under the partial-inheritance system in New England A. sons were dependent on their father's good favor B. daughters generally had more freedom to move out the home than sons C. fathers were supposed to divide lands among their sons D. eldest sons stood to inherit more E. sons tended to live far from their parents F. daughters tended to live to close proximity to their parents
A, B, C
A typical southern plantation included A. a number of residents living in close proximity B. separate houses for the owner's grown children C. service buildings and slave cabins D. a hospital and a tailor shop
A, C
Which of the following statements about people in New England in the 18th century are true? A. men had more power than women B. the church promoted equality C. the rich were the smallest group in the population D. Wealthy people were given the best seats in the churches
A, C,
The growth of consumerism in the American colonies during the 18th century was part of a larger A. industrial revolution B. trade revolution C. effort to establish national identity D. western consumer-based economy
A, D
Modern research has shown that women accused of being witches in New England during the 1680s and 1690s were A. mostly middle-aged B. pillars of the community C. members of large families D. typically Satanists E. often of low social positions
A, E
The European explorer who first labeled the land in the Western Hemisphere as "Mundus Novus" or the "New World" was
A. Amerigo Vespucci
A sharp decline in the Indian population followed the arrival of Europeans because
A. Diseases were introduced inadvertently by the Spanish.
Which of the following statements about female indentured servants in the colonies are correct?
About one-quarter of the indentured servants in the Chesapeake were women. Female indentured servants typically worked as domestic servants. A female indentured servant could reasonably expect to marry when her term ended.
In Puritan New England, full membership in town governance was usually limited to
Adult males who were church members
Importer of manufactured goods and exporter of slaves.
Africa's role in the triangular trade
Match the place with its role in the triangular trade: Africa: West Indies: North America: Europe:
Africa: importer of agricultural goods and exporter of slaves importer of slaves and exporter of agricultural products importer of manufactured goods and exporter of agricultural products] importer of agricultural goods and exporter of manufactured goods
Match the place with its role in the triangular trade: Africa: West Indies: North America: Europe:
Africa: importer of manufactured goods and exporter of slaves. West Indies: importer of slaves and exporter of agricultural products. North America: importer of manufactured goods and exporter of agricultural products. Europe: importer of agricultural goods and exporter of manufactured goods.
Match the place with its role in the triangular trade: Africa: West Indies: North America Europe:
Africa: importer of manufactured goods and exporter of slaves. West Indies: importer of slaves and exporter of agricultural products. North America: importer of manufactured goods and exporter of agricultural products. Europe: importer of agricultural goods and exporter of manufactured goods.
In addition to banning _, Georgia's trustees strictly regulated trade with the Indians in order to protect against wartime insurrection.
Africans and Catholics
Which of the following groups were excluded from Georgia by James Oglethorpe and the trustees who established the colony?
Africans, free or slave, whose presence might spark revolts Catholics, for fear that they might align with the Spanish
Mayflower Compact:
Agreement among the Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower in 1620 to create a civil government at Plymouth Colony Document that declared that the 41 males who signed it agreed to accept majority rule and participate in a government in the best interest of all members of the colony, outlines the commonwealth rule. First agreement for self government by 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.
Describe the events of the Seven Years' War. Which country lost the most territory in North America?
All happened because of competition over the land in the Americas. Tensions that led to the war were based on competition among European colonial powers. England beat France becoming the world's leading colonial power. France loses territory.
A variety of sects united by belief in total immersion for mature believers.
American Baptists
After publishing a sensational account of his travels across the Atlantic, whose name would actually be applied to the New World by German mapmakers (1499-1501)?
Amerigo Vespucci
Which of the following was a major contributing factor to the "starving time" in Jamestown?
An Indian barricade kept colonists from moving inland.
Bacon's Rebellion:
An armed rebellion in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon against the colony's royal governor, Sir William Berkeley. Although some of his followers called for an end to special privilege in government, Bacon was chiefly interested in gaining a larger share of the lucrative Indian trade. Protested not getting any protection from the government it was the first rebellion in the American colonies where the frontiersmen took part, involved all races
Define capitalism.
An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state
Mercantilism:
An economic theory that shaped imperial policy throughout the colonial period, mercantilism assumed that the supply of wealth was fixed. To increase its wealth, a nation needed to export more goods than it imported. Favorable trade and protective economic policies and colonial possessions rich in raw materials were important in achieving this balance. System of profitable trading, countries made trade policies that favored money going from the colonies to the mother country.
Encomienda System:
An exploitative system by Spanish rulers that granted conquistadores control of Native American villages and their inhabitant's labor Tax local Indians and demand labor in exchange for protection and teaching skills
Anne Hutchinson:
Applied ideas from the Bible to American society by demanding better treatment for women and Indians. Puritan religion, believing that faith in god alone was enough for salvation which created a division between her followers in MA and the normal Puritans. Her teachings were civil and religious anarchy. More misogyny against the male leaders.
English Civil War:
Armed conflict between royalists and parliamentarians, resulting in a victory of Pro-Parliament forces and the execution of Charles I (1642-1651) Charles I tried to advocate the divine right of kings and bring more absolutist policies to England. He brought too much Catholic influence to the Church of England.
More opportunity for social mobility,
As compared to British society, in America there was _____.
Tension With Native Americans
As indentured servants became free to own land, more and more of them moved to the frontier area to the west of Virginia, pushing Native Americans off their land. This created tension between the two, leading to Indian raids.
Which statement about Bermuda and the British colonies in the Caribbean during the first half of the seventeenth century is NOT correct?
As proponents of freedom and liberty, they influenced later American ideals.
What was the result of the treaty in which the English agreed not to settle west of of the Blue Ridge Mountains?
As the result of population growth, the English broke their promise.
Where did the first migrants to North America come from?
Asia
A central element in the emergence of independent black culture was the creation of a new A. religion that combined Christianity and ancestor worship B. religion that blended Christianity with African folklore C. language that combined Spanish with English D. language that combined English, French, and Yoruba
B
Compare to most poor women in colonial society, the wives of plantation owners were able to A. devote more time to their elderly parents B. devote more time to their husbands and children C. accomplish more D. assume more responsibilities
B
For Africans bound for slave markets in the Americas, the "middle passage" was A. the interval between freedom and slavery B. the journey to the new world C. a belief that life's miseries would soon be over D. the cargo hold of the ship
B
The first plantations emerged in the early settlements of A. Maryland and North Carolina B. Maryland and Virginia C. North Carolina and Virginia D. Delaware and North Carolina
B
The flow of immigrants from England to the American colonies declined in the early 18th century because of A. a declining standard of living in England B. better economic conditions in England C. colonial restrictions against immigration from England D. increased English interest in other destinations
B
The growth of the 18th century consumerism was partly the result of the increasing division of colonial societies by A. religion B. class C. ethnicity D. race
B
Which of the following did not influence the Scots-Irish emigration in the 18th century? A. outlawing of Presbyterianism B. a 1719 blight on the potato crop C. prohibition of wool exports D. high rents imposed by English landlords
B
Which of the following statements about provincial governors is false? A. they lacked control over contracts and appointments B. they helped to nationalize colonial politics C. they had little familiarity with the colonies they governed D. their influence was limited
B
Which of the following best describes southern small farmers? A. they depend on planters to purchase their crops B. they constituted the majority of the southern population C. they depend on planters to market their crops D. they usually owned many slaves
B, C
Which of the following statements about the Puritan foundations of New England town politics are correct? A. members of the "elect" in New England were those who experienced salvation and were elected to office B. only residents who could give evidence of conversion were "visible saints" with full voting rights C. residents could participate in politics through the "halfway covenant"
B, C
What was the conflict between the Dutch and English regarding the territory that became New York>
Both the English and the Dutch laid claim to the area.
Average life expectancy in New England during colonial times A. no better than that of developing nations today B. much higher in the South C. higher in the first generation than the second D. much higher than in England E. almost as high as that of England
B, C, D
Which of the following were significant facotrs in the development of an elaborate family structure among Africans living in North America in the 18th century? A. population growth through immigration B. population growth through natural increase C. increases life expectancy D. equalization of the sex ratio
B, C, D
Which of the following colonial cites had a significant Jewish population? A. Jamestown, Virginia B. Charleston, South Carolina C. Plymouth, Massachusetts D. Newport, Rhode Island
B, D
Which of the following statements about female indentured servants in the colonies are correct? A. Indentured women's future prospects were worse than man's B. female indentured servants typically worked as domestic servants C. Indentured women received a dowry in exchange for their work D. a female indentured servant could reasonably expect to marry when her term ended E. about 1/4 of the indentured servants in Chesapeake were women
B, D, E
Which of the following might a slave learn in order to be hired out to other planters? (multiple) A. writing B. midwifery C. preaching D. blacksmithing E. sewing F. carpentry
B, D, E, F
Columbus first took his plan to find a new route to the rich markets of Asia to
B. King John ll of Portugal
The first European to travel to the coast of North America were
B. Norsemen led by Led Eriksson
Portugal was at the center of many of the maritime developments of the " Age of Exploration" largely because of the efforts of
B. Prince Henry the Navigator
The first wave of migrants to the " New World" came from what area of the world ?
B. Siberia
The overwhelming majority of Africans sold into slavery and brought to the "New World" came from
B. West Africa
Jamestown Burned
Bacon and his men destroyed Jamestown, the capital of Virginia, by burning it
Attacked Allies
Bacon attacked and killed both friendly and hostile Indians
Protests
Bacon protested unfair taxation, building of forts, and corrupt practices by Berkeley's government
Popular Support
Bacon rallied up to 600 people to his cause, including more than 80 blacks. Most were freed indentured servants who had land on the frontier
Council Member
Bacon was appointed to the Council by Governor Berkeley without living in the colony very long.(exception to normal guidelines), which made him unpopular
Commission to Fight Indians
Bacon was denied a commission to fight the Indians until Berkeley was forced by Bacon's men, who cried, "We will have it!"
Rebellion
Bacon's Rebellion encouraged disloyalty to the colonial government and England
Most of the British settlers who settled in Charleston in 1670 came from
Barbados, a sugar-producing island in the West Indies rather then from England.
The two most important New World destinations for English immigrants during the first half of the seventeenth century were
Bermuda and the Caribbean islands
The two most important New World destinations for English immigrants during the first half of the seventeenth century were
Bermuda and the Caribbean islands.
What was the conflict between the Dutch and English regarding the territory that became New York?
Both the English and Dutch laid claim to the area.
Match the eighteenth-century religious group with its description: Church of England: Puritans: Dutch Reformation: American Baptists:
Church of England: the official faith in many colonies Puritans: had a growing tendency for different congregations to affiliate with different denominations Dutch Reformation: a Calvinist denomination represented in parts of New York and New Jersey American Baptists: a variety of sects united by belief in total immersion for mature believers
Match the eighteenth-century religious group with its description: Church of England: Puritans: Dutch Reformation: American Baptists:
Church of England: the official faith in many colonies Puritans: had a growing tendency for different congregations to affiliate with different denominations Dutch Reformation: a Calvinist denomination represented in parts of New York and New Jersey American Baptists: a variety of sects united by belief in total immersion for mature believers
In the 1760s, the revolutionary crisis in English North America began in cities because
Cities were the centres of intellectual information
Which of the following statements about slave work is FALSE?
Colonial slvae codes forbade teaching slaves skilled trades and crafts
Which of the following statements about education for African Americans in colonial times are accurate?
Colonial society instituted social sanctions to discourage any type of education for African Americans. African Americans had virtually no access to education.
Among the secular institutions of higher learning in colonial America was King's College, later renamed
Columbia
Among the secular institutions of higher learning in colonial America was King's College, later renamed
Columbia.
What did Christopher Columbus and the Portuguese have in common?
Columbus wanted to find a new route to reach eastern markets and the Portuguese wanted to travel around Africa to make direct trading contracts with central and Eastern Asia to bypass the Middle East.
Navigation Acts:
Commercial restrictions that regulated colonial commerce to favor England's accumulation of wealth Band of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade only between England and its colonies
The pamphlet ________ presented justification to Americans for their break with Great Britain.
Common Sense
Which of the following are reasons that settlers in America adopted an attitude of religious toleration?
Conditions virtually required it. Many religious traditions existed in close proximity to one another.
Under the Articles of Confederation there was a federal
Congess
One major weakness of the Articles of Confederation was
Congress's inability to tax
Religious dissenters in Massachusetts Bay formed colonies that later became
Connecticut
The Pequot War was the result of hostilities between the Pequot Indians and English settlers in the
Connecticut Valley.
Religious dissenters in Massachusetts Bay formed colonies that later became
Connecticut.
Hernan Cortez:
Conquered the Aztecs and claimed Mexico on behalf of Spain; young spaniard who came over after hearing about Columbus's success; established a sugar plantation.
Which statement regarding Anthony Ashley Cooper is NOT correct?
Cooper was a dedicated Catholic who nevertheless supported religious freedom for all Christians in Carolina.
Drag the key terms to their correct definitions.
Cotton MAther Covenant evangelist George Whitefild Great Awakening Huguenots indentured servitude
Punishments in America tended to be less harsh than in England because A. America was a lawless society where crimes went unpunished B. the colonies lacked adequate prison and execution facilities C. Americans had liberal views on crime and emphasized reform D. Americans did not want to imprison or execute potential workers
D
Rice was a staple crop in the South because A. it was easy to grow B. it was a native plant in that region C. white laborers preferred to work on rice cultivation D. the rivers facilitated the creation of rice paddies
D
The reason most colonial households lacked even elementary tools was because A. americans thought they did not need them B. shortage of material made them difficult to produce C. toolmakers lacked the ability to produce them D. most people were too poor or too isolated to purchase them
D
Which of the following best describes state of commerce in colonial America? A. monopolies squelched competition B. a few large firms competed in a highly organized market C. a range of large and small firms competed in a deregulated market D. many small firms competed in a highly disorganized market
D
Which of the following explains why rich people made up the majority of the population in Boston in the 18th century? A. wealthy people looked down on agricultural pursuits and refused to live in the countryside B. Boston leaders banished poor people from the city C. poor people in Boston were persecuted, and they fled the city D. Wealthy people were more likely to move to cities and participate in commerce
D
Which of the following are reasons why the American colonies did not experience the explosive industrial growth that Great Britain did in the 18th century? A. inexperience in business B. lack of technical knowledge C. lack of wealthy investors D. a small domestic market E. inadequate industrial labor supply F. unreliable energy supplies
D, E, F
Early Portuguese explorers were hoping to do all of the following except A. Discover the "New World" B. Establish new markets along the west coast of Africa. C. Find a new route to Asia D. Spread Christianity among African people's in order to counter the influence of Islam
D.
Historians refer to " Pre- Columbian America" was
D. The era prior to Columbus's arrival to the "New World" in 1492.
The Portuguese did not colonize West Africa
D. The societies along the coast were too powerful to the conquered at this time.
What was the biggest danger Europeans brought to Native Americans?
Deadly viruses and bacteria because Native Americans had no immunity.
By 1700, English colonial landowners began to rely more heavily on African slavery in part because
Declining birth rate in England
As a leading figure of the Great Awakening, Jonathan Edwards preached
Deeply traditional Puritian ideas
The practice of medicine in the seventeenth century was
Derived from the theory of "humoralism"
Which statement regarding New York in the 1600s is NOT correct?
Despite the colony's great diversity, James made a disastrous attempt to impose Catholic rule on its inhabitants.
Which statement regarding New York in the 1600s is not correct?
Despite the colony's great diversity, James made a disastrous attempt to impose Catholic rule on its inhabitants.
What was one of the main causes of the Salem witchcraft hysteria?
Disagreements between Salem's poor people and its upper classes, women more likely over men
What became the greatest killer of the Native Americans and their cultural integrity; due to a lack of resistance?
Diseases
In 1629, England's king Charles I _, a state of affairs that remained in effect until 1640.
Dissolved Parliament
What are the two most significant missionary orders in New Spain?
Dominicans and Franciscans
Due to German laws banning Protestantism, many Germans were driven to North America and settled in Pennsylvania, where they became known as the Pennsylvania __________.
Dutch
A Calvinist denomination represented in parts of New York and New Jersey.
Dutch Reformed
Discuss the key aspects of the growth of slavery in the 17th century. Between the 16th and 19th centuries how many slaves were brought to the Americas?
Economics made slavery grow because of reliance on tobacco made slaves necessary, north America had considerable slave growth and the royal African company became a very effective slave trade company. Almost 11 million slaves were traded.
Who said, "People crushed by law have no hopes but from power. If laws are their enemies, they will be enemies to laws; and those, who have much to hope and nothing to lose, will always be dangerous."
Edmund Burke
In coming to North America, Englishmen believed they were doing something for
England and Protestantism.
Which of the following did NOT happen in Massachusetts or New England in the aftermath of the Glorious Revolution?
England's new rulers made a vain attempt to restore Governor Andros to power.
What were several European developments by the late Middle ages and the beginning of Modern Europe which helped prepare Europe for exploration, colonization, and trade with the New World?
Holy Crusades, Commercial Revolution, demand for new luxuries, decline of the feudal system, growth of the middle class, growth of cities and populations, Renaissance, printing press, new navigation techniques, new government systems
In order to entice colonists to Virginia, the Virginia Company promised white male colonists a share in self-government, which resulted in the creation of the ______, the first elected legislature in the United States.
House of Burgesses
The earliest of the continental Europeans to immigrate to the English colonies of North America were the French Calvinists, or
Huguenots
The earliest of the continental Europeans to immigrate to the English colonies of North America were the French Calvinists, or __________.
Huguenots
Polygamy:
Husband having several wives.
Spectral Evidence:
In the Salem witch trials, the court allowed reports of dreams and visions, in which the accused appeared as the devil's agent, to be introduced as testimony. The accused had no defense against this kind of "evidence". When the judges later disallowed this testimony, the executions for witchcraft ended.
Backcountry:
In the eighteenth century, the edge of settlement extending from western Pennsylvania to Georgia. This region formed the second frontier as settlers moved west from the Atlantic coast into the interior. Had dense forests and rushing streams near or on the Appalachian Mts.
What Native American group cultivated the potato?
Inca's in Peru
Dominion of New England:
Incorporation of the New England, New York, and New Jersey colonies under a single appointed royal governor that lasted from 1686 to 1689. Handled by King James II, taking away the rights of the people in these colonies because they no longer have much say in their government.
At least three-quarters of the immigrants to the Chesapeake in the seventeenth century were
Indentured servants
Identify the term indentured servant and explain the role of this labor force in the plantation society.
Indentured servants were contract workers who agreed to a fixed term of labor in exchange for free passage to Virginia
Which of the following most accurately describes life in the middle grounds?
Indians and Europeans made concessions to each other and carved out ways of living with each other
Which of the following statements regarding the flintlock rifle is NOT correct?
Indians were reluctant to abandon the old matchlock rifle in favor of the flintlock.
Which of the following statements regarding the flintlock rifle is not correct?
Indians were reluctant to abandon the old matchlock rifle in favor of the flintlock.
With the collapse of the middle grounds,
Indians were subjugated and eventually removed from the territory.
In the 1740s ______, source of a blue dye highly valued in European markets, became an important crop in South Carolina
Indigo
Explain why the Virginia colony almost starved to death from 1609-11?
Individuals who only pursued their personal interests instead of helping guarding or farming, neglected to grow food meant that they starved. They tried to search for gold instead of trying to survive.
The growth of consumerism in the American colonies during the eighteenth century was part of a larger
Industrial revolution
Which statement about the Great Awakening is not correct?
It appealed most to males over 30.
What was the significance of Mesoamerica in the development of North American culture?
It birthed a series of complex, literate, urban cultures with cities.
Which of the following statements about the establishment of the Carolina colony is NOT correct?
It covered almost exactly the same area as the modern Carolinas.
What was the treaty of Tordesillas (Line of Demarcation) in 1494?
It was the compromise between Spain and Portugal's claims to land. A line was drawn about 1,100 miles west of the Cape Verde Islands. Everything to the west of the line was Spain's, and everything to the east was Portugal's.
What was the significance of the Act of Religious Toleration (1649) in Maryland?
It was the first law in America that called for freedom of worship for all Christians
What was the significance of the House of Burgesses in the Virginia colony in 1619?
It was the first legislative body in English America, and set a precedent for self-government in the New World
For which of the following reasons did the Pilgrims choose Plymouth as a site for their settlement?
It was too late in the year to sail farther south. It lay outside the London Company's territory.
Which of the following statements are true regarding the consolidation of New England under James II?
James II created a single Dominion of New England to increase control over the colonists. The governments of Massachusetts, the rest of the New England colonies, New York, and New Jersey were combined.
In regards to English settlement in the New World, what would become England's first permanent settlement and colony in 1607?
Jamestown
The first permanent English settlement in North America was?
Jamestown
___ invented the printing press, and the first book printed was the ___.
Johann Gutenberg, Bible
Who completed the first recorded trans-Atlantic voyage for the English king, Henry VII (House of Tudor), in 1497 to find a "Northwest Passage" to Asia and establish England's claim to American territory?
John Cabot
What theologian developed the doctrine of predestination, the belief that God simply chose some people to be saved and others to be damned?
John Calvin
To whom was Pocahontas married?
John Rolfe, an Englishman
Who was responsible for the settlement of Jamestown? Who brought order and organization to the Jamestown colony?
John Smith
Co-founder of Methodism
John Wesley Great Awakening
Match the major figure of the Great Awakening with the appropriate description: John Wesley: George Whitefield: Jonathon Edwards:
John Wesley: co-founder of Methodism George Whitefield: powerful open-air preacher who made several tours Jonathon Edwards: New England Congregationalist who attacked the doctrine of easy salvation for all
In 1630, ______ commanded an expedition of 17 ships and 1,000 people bound for New England, the largest single migration of its kind in the seventeenth century.
John Winthrop
Who did the English Puritans of the 1600s accept the teachings of?
John Winthrop
Who originally asserted "we shall be as a city upon a hill?"
John Winthrop
Who was the leader of the Puritans to the New World and later a future governor of Massachusetts Bay?
John Winthrop
Who said, "You hang by a slender thread, with the flames of divine wrath flashing about it, and ready every moment to singe it, and burn it asunder; and you have . . . nothing to lay hold of to save yourself, nothing to keep off the flames of wrath, nothing of your own, nothing that you ever have done, nothing that you can do, to induce God to spare you one moment."
Johnathan Edwards
What new solution would be used by the English to solve their financial problem for colonization?
Joint-stock companies people could invest in
Powerful Great Awakening evangelists included which of the following?
Jonathan Edwards Charles Wesley George Whitefield
List the leaders of the Great Awakening. Who did they accept the traditional teachings of? Who were the proponents of the Great Awakening known as? Who were the critics of the Great Awakening known as?
Jonathan Edwards (local congregational minister) and George Whitefield (young preacher from England who toured colonies). They were called "New Lights" Critics- Charles Chauncy
New England Congregationalist who attacked the doctrine of easy salvation for all.
Jonathan Edwards Great Awakening
Identify the following Spanish explorers: Juan Ponce de Leon Vasco de Balboa Hernan Cortes Francisco Coronado
Juan Ponce de Leon - Spanish explorer and conquistador, led an expedition to Florida searching for the Fountain of Youth in 1513 Vasco de Balboa - Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador; led an expedition to reach the Pacific from the New World in 1523 Hernan Cortes - Spanish conquistador, conquered Aztec empire in 1519 Francisco Pizarro - Spanish conquistador, conquered the Inca empire in Peru in 1532 Hernan de Soto - Spanish explorer and conquistador, led an expedition through Western North America searching for the mythical Seven Cities of Cibola in 1540
If we go by the Lee Resolution, the Declaration of Independence was actually
July 2, 1776
Explain the social classes and their relationships in Chesapeake society. Which group dominated Chesapeake society?
Land owners on top dominated, freeman who came too the new world as slaves by worked off their debt and are now free but they are poor is the largest class, temporary slaves, and slaves The Great Planters dominated the society.
Which statement explains how Bacon's Rebellion spurred the rise of slavery in Virginia?
Landed elites imported more slaves because they feared growth among the white lower classes.
Which statement explains how Bacon's Rebellion spurred the ride of slavery in Virginia?
Landed elites imported more slaves because they feared growth among white lower classes.
Which statement about education in colonial America is not correct?
Large numbers of children received an education beyond the primary level
Which statement about education in colonial America is not correct?
Large numbers of children received an education beyond the primary level.
Which of the following statements about the Quakers is NOT correct?
Like the Puritans, the Quakers subscribed to the ideas of predestination and original sin.
Which of the following statements about the Quakers is not correct?
Like the Puritans, the Quakers subscribed to the ideas of predestination and original sin.
What two English companies were granted charters by King James I to establish plantations in the New World?
London/Virginia Company and Plymouth Company
In the 1680s, French explorers traveled down the Mississippi River and claimed a vast territory, which they named -----for their king.
Louisiana
In the 1680s, French explorers traveled down the Mississippi River and claimed a vast territory, which they named _ for their king.
Louisiana
Americans who sided with the British during the War for Independence were known as
Loyalists
Explain the origins and contributions of the Scotch-Irish in America. Why were the Scots-Irish welcomed in Pennsylvania?
Made up of people of Scottish ancestry who had lived in Ireland, they added new cultures, and carved out Pennsylvanians west land.
Which of the following luxuries became a virtual necessity in the emerging consumer environment of colonial America?
Manufactured cutlery tea household linens
Which of the following was a serious problem for the settlers at Jamestown?
Many colonists became sick because they lacked prior exposure to malaria and other local diseases.
Which of the following are effects of the failed promises of the indentured labor system in the Chesapeake?
Many former servants found themselves without land, jobs, or prospects. A large, rootless population of young single men became a source of social unrest.
What was a result of Anne Hutchinson's outspoken opposition to male clerical authority?
Many of Hutchinson's followers migrated to New Hampshire and Maine.
What German monk in 1517 began the European Protestant Reformation by maintaining that God spoke through the Bible, not through the popes or priests, and salvation through faith?
Martin Luther
Catholics suffered the worst persecution in
Maryland
What colony was established by Sir George and Cecilius Calvert (Lord Baltimore) as a sanctuary for England's persecuted Catholics in 1632?
Maryland
Catholics suffered the worst persecution in
Maryland.
The American Sense of Mission first appears here in the conception of ______________ as a City on a Hill.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Quakers:
Members of a radical religious group, formally known as the Society of Friends, that stresses each person's "inner light", a spiritual guide to righteousness. Open minded, believed in equality, loose religious practices, simple life style Believed that the spirit of god is in everyone and that god will speak to people individually through their inner light
Puritans:
Members of a reformed Protestant sect in Europe and America that insisted on removing all vestiges of Catholicism from religious practice. Left England bc they wanted religious freedom, they wanted to "purify" or fix the King's church to make it pure again. They said the King's church was too fancy and wanted to make it plain so people could focus on the words of the Bible instead. They wanted to set up their own colony as an example of good living for the rest of the world.
Which statement about the Puritan foundations of New England town politics is not correct?
Members of the "elect" in New England were those who experienced salvation and were elected to office.
Aztecs:
Meso American civilization which arrived in the valley of central Mexico, conquered by the Spanish in 1500s, developed hieroglyphics and calendar system.
Which of the following statements about Florida after about 1700 is NOT correct?
Miami and Fort Lauderdale were the only areas of Spanish settlement left in Florida.
Which of the following statements about Florida after about 1700 is false?
Miami and Fort Lauderdale were the only areas of Spanish settlement left in Florida.
Explain the social standing and occupation of most 17th century New Englanders.
Middle class yeomen independent farmers.
Great Migration:
Migration of 16,000 Puritans from England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony during the 1630s.
What were some disadvantages of Columbus' voyage to the New World?
Millions of Native Americans died or were enslaved, destroyed Native American cultures, stole natural riches
Who was the legendary leader of the Aztec nation and adversary to the Spanish conquest?
Moctezuma
Who did the settlers receive crucial assistance from during King Philip's War?
Mohawk allies
What new political changes would occur in Western Europe on the eve of New World discovery?
Monarchs of new 'nation states' successfully held power over their previously fragmented realms, and they created strong bureaucracies. They gained merchants' support with special trading privileges, which would be important in financing expeditions. They also exerted military power to extend their authority.
Between 1650 and 1775, the sex ratio of the white settlers in North America gradually improved because of which of the following?
More women chose to immigrate Birth rates rose
Which of the following statements about industrial progress in the colonies during the eighteenth century is accurate?
Most Americans were too poor or isolated to take advantage of new technology. Industries took advantage of North America's natural resources.
What was the physical impact of the voyage on the travelers?
Most became sick, some died.
Gullah:
Most common language of Creole spoken on some of the Sea Islands along the Georgia-South Carolina coast.
Life expectancy in the Chesapeake region during the seventeenth century was
Much lower than the rest of the colonies
How did Islam get introduced to West Africa?
Muslim Traders; trans-Saharan trade brought muslim merchants and traders to West Africa.
Which two colonial American ports had populations larger than most English urban centers?
NY and PA
Died of Illness
Nathaniel Bacon died after the burning of Jamestown of dysentery, and the "lousey disease", and after that the rebellion failed
Protection on the Frontier
Nathaniel Bacon was supported because he wanted to provide protection for people on the frontier from hostile Indians
Hanging
Nathaniel Bacon's supporters were hung by Governor Berkeley
Sea Dogs:
Naval Figurines, Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins. They would seize Spanish treasure ships in American waters, piracy for nation victories.
Describe the military events of King George's War in the colonies.
New England troops need by Pepperrell captured Fort Louisbourg that guarded Quebec and cut off supplies to the St. Lawrence Gulf Proof oof colonists military power Britain returned to French with treaty of Aix-la-Chappelle
What effect did New World vegetables have on long term European economic development?
New caloric energy of starches that allowed European food producers to leave farms, moves to cities, which led to the industrial revolution.
The first Europeans to travel to the coast of North America were
Norsemen led by Lief Eriksson.
Importer of manufactured goods and exporter of agricultural products.
North America's role in the triangular trade
After completing their terms of service, male indentured servants experienced which of the following?
Often did not receive what they had been promised they found themselves unprepared and ill equipped for independence
Which of the following best describes what happened in Georgia after the threats from Spain receded?
Oglethorpe lost his grip on the colony and an elected legislature loosened regulations.
Which of the following was a constant source of conflict under Oglethorpe's rule in Georgia?
Oglethorpe's heavy-handed regulation
What was the population of New France in 1754? Discuss colonial responses to King William's War and Queen Anne's War.
Only 75,000 inhabitants. King William- declared war on France, Canadians and Indians raided NY and New England Queen Anne- colonists feared French would confine them to the coast, bloody war over large area of frontier
Who became leader of the Powhatans after Chief Powhatan died?
Opechancanough
. Which of the following helps explain why slavery was less extensive in the northern colonies than the southern colonies?
Organized religion played a much more important role in the foundation of most of the northern colonies than it did in those of the south; religious utopianism shaped colonial life. ex) Quakers emphasized nonviolence/divine spirit within all humans making Quakers one of the early opponents of slavery.
Yeomen:
Owners of small farms cultivated by members of a family. Common throughout colonial America, these independent farmers engaged primarily in mixed animal husbandry, primarily livestock, and household food crops. Poor young farmers with small farms
German immigrants to the New World in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries were most likely to settle in
PA
Who were the first Americans into the Western Hemisphere?
Paleo Indians
Identify the meaning of the term Paleo-Indians and the origin of these peoples.
Paleo means old or ancient. They were early hunters from Siberia (Asia).
What was the major difference between the colonial assemblies and the British House of Commons?
Parliament- interests of all Colonial- chosen to represent local interests in a community
Who among the following took the lead in protesting against the Stamp Act with his speech in Virginia?
Patrick Henry
What colony was established as a religious sanctuary for the Quakers?
Pennsylvania
A dissenting English protestant sect, the Quakers, was responsible for the efforts that eventually established the colony of
Pennsylvania.
German immigrants to the New World in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries were most likely to settle in
Pennsylvania.
German immigrants to the New World in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century were most likely to settle in
Pennsylvania.
What was the significance of the Renaissance by the mid-1400s as part of the new changes within European culture and society?
People became more focused on learning and artistic expression. The printing press helped.
Creole:
People originally of European (French/Spanish) or African decent born in the West Indies or part of French or Spanish America, and thus naturalized in those regions rather than the parents' home land. Took interest in local government, this helped give tobacco colonies the political and cultural stability The key to success was ownership of slaves, grow more tobacco then acquire fresh capital to purchase even more slaves
Pilgrims:
People who left England completely to worship for religious reasons, looked at America as a land in which they could prosper as farmers and traders while also building a "New England".
Consumer Revolution:
Period between 1740-1770 when English exports to the American colonies increased by 360% too satisfy American demands for consumer goods INC availability of goods INC in demand Middle class buying more
Indentured Servants:
Persons whoo agreed to serve a master for a set of number of years in exchange for the cost of transport to America. Indentured servitude was the dominant form of labor in the Chesapeake colonies before slavery. A term applied to someone who would be contracted to work for a master for a set amount of time in exchange for their passage to the colonies.
Which colonial American city had the largest population?
Philadelphia
Which two colonial American ports had populations larger than most English urban centers?
Philadelphia New York
Enlightenment:
Philosophical and intellectual movement that swept through Europe during the eighteenth century. It stressed the use of reason to solve social and scientific problems.
Beginning in the mid-1600s, New England Puritan ministers began preaching against the decline of
Piety
Identify the difference between the Pilgrim theology and the Puritan theology.
Pilgrims wanted complete separation from the Church, and Puritans wanted to reform the Church
Albany Plan:
Plan of intercolonial cooperation proposed by prominent colonists including Benjamin Franklin at a conference in Albany NY in 1754. The plan called for a Grand Council of elected delegates form the colonies that would have powers to tax and provide for the common defense. Although rejected by the colonial and British governments, it was a prototype for colonial union. Plan for colonies to unite so they could help win the war
Which statement about the agricultural economy of the 17th-century Caribbean colonies is NOT correct?
Planters were reluctant to plan sugarcane.
Which statement about the agricultural economy of the seventeenth-century Caribbean colonies is not correct?
Planters were reluctant to plant sugarcane.
The first Pilgrim settlement in Massachusetts was known as
Plymouth Plantation.
What was a major difference between tidewater and backcountry landowners in mid-seventeenth-century Virginia?
Policy toward natives
What were the cultural characteristics of the West African society focusing on the political systems, family and kinship traits, religion, and the tradition of slavery?
Political Systems - They had mostly decentralized, independent villages. Family and Kinship - They had extended families and clans. Most clans were based on patrilineal descent, but some were based on matrilinial descent. Religion - They focused on themes of fertility, health, prosperity, and harmony. They believed their ancestors were mediators between the living and dead, and they performed ceremonies to keep the goodwill of good spirits and guard against evil ones. Eventually they were influenced by Islam. Tradition of Slavery - In Africa, slavery was not necessarily a permanent status, and didn't apply to the slaves' children. They were not horribly mistreated and were subject to little coercion.
The most well-known almanac of colonial times was __________ __________ Almanac, published by Benjamin Franklin.
Poor Richard's
The most well-known almanac of colonial times was __________ ___________ Almanac, published by Benjamin Franklin
Poor Richards's
Explain the demographics, education, and labor system of New England in the 17th century. What was the reason for rapid population growth?
Population INC and immigration DEC, Balanced 3:2 male to female ratio, family responsibility to educate children in christianity and reading. Family farmers work around the house and owned their own land, no slaves, women worked on farms, apprentices, significant number of mean were fishermen and merchant seamen.
Describe the demographics of 18th century America.
Population doubled, natural reproduction, under the age of 16 population, immigration from scotch-iris and and germans.
What was the impact of the development of agriculture on Native Americans?
Populations grew, since farming was a more reliable source of food than hunting and gathering; women's statuses improved because of their new farming roles; permanent villages appeared; and diversity was enhanced. They traded more.
What country led the way in New World exploration by sailing along Africa's western coast and around the continent of Africa, and then sailing east to reach Asia and China (Cathay)?
Portugal
How did planters justify the enslavement of slaves?
Positive good; they provided food and shelter to slaves that they believed were inherently inferior and basically saw themselves as taking care of people who wouldn't be able to take of themselves otherwise
Which of the following most accurately describes the plantation economy?
Precarious
Which of the following statements about women and men in the Chesapeake is not correct?
Premarital sexual relationships were rare for indentured servants.
Portugal was at the center of many of the maritime developments of the Age of Exploration largely because of the efforts of
Prince Henry the Navigator
Captain John Smith:
Professional mercenary and adventurer who fought against both the Spanish and the ottomans before being hired by the Virginia Company to assist in the establishment of its new colony at Jamestown. He helped to get food and keep peace with the Indians and helped train and keep the colonists alive.
In New England, __________ religion demanded that women devote their lives to their husbands and families.
Puritan
Had a growing tendency for different congregations to affiliate with different denominations.
Puritans
Which of the following is not true of the Puritans?
Puritans wanted to refocus English Protestantism to more bishops, more holy days, and more formal prayers.
What was a major problem to colonizing the New World during Elizabeth's reign? What business organization helped facilitate it?
Raising money was the biggest obstacle. No single person, no matter how rich or well connected, could underwrite the vast expenses a New World settlement required. Solution was the joint-stock company which people could invest without fear of bankruptcy.
Enumerated Goods:
Raw materials, such as tobacco, sugar, and rice, that were produced in the British colonies and that under the Navigation Acts had to be shipped only to England or its colonies.
Which statement about events leading up to the English Civil War is NOT correct?
Recognizing his mistakes with Parliament, Charles I in 1640 signed the Magna Carta.
Entrepot:
Regional center for the collection and distribution of goods.
Which of the following was not a consequence of the Great Awakening?
Reinvigorated American Catholicism.
Roger Williams:
Rejected the Church of England in order to have pure Christianity, worked for religious tolerance. He preached extreme separatism.
Antinomianism:
Religious belief rejecting traditional moral law as unnecessary for Christians who possess saving grace and affirming that a person could experience divine revelation and salvation without the assistance of formally trained clergy Belief that faith alone can save you and you are separated and not under normal law
The focus of the Great Awakening was ______, while the focus of the Enlightenment was ______.
Religious faith; reason
On the eve of contact with the New World, what were several motivations for European explorations?
Religious fervor, political ambition, and the desire for wealth
Of the six colleges in operation by 1763, all but two were established by
Religious groups
What French explorer traveled all the way down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico and claimed this region for the King of France in 1682?
Rene-Robert Cavalier
______ was an important crop in southern Carolina, which led to an economic dependence on ______.
Rice; slave labor
What Englishman was most responsible for publicizing the potential of New World colonies in the late sixteenth century and maintained the American colonies were essential to England's prosperity and independence?
Richard Hakluyt
What was the name of Sir Walter Raleigh's ill-fated colony off the coast of North Carolina in the 1580s?
Roanoke
Who founded the village of Providence and colony of Rhode Island and established the basis of religious toleration and separation of church and state?
Roger Williams
In regards to religious dissent in Massachusetts Bay, what two people questioned and intellectually rebelled against the Puritan establishment during the 1630s?
Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson
Who was the ruler in theory in a godly family?
Ruled by a Patriarch - father to his children, husband to his wife, the source of authority and object of unquestioned obedience.
Which of the following refers to an instance of widespread hysteria in the 1680s regarding satanic influences in New England?
Salem witchcraft trials
Which of the following best characterizes the teaching of Anne Hutchinson?
Salvation comes from God's grace alone and not from good works
The leading colonial figure involved in prompting public outrage over the Boston Massacre was
Samuel Adams
Who explored the St. Lawrence River valley and founded Quebec in 1608 for France?
Samuel de Champlain
Identify several characteristics of colonial New England society.
Settled in congregations with families and established towns, Puritan Commonwealth (community working together for a common good), longevity, town meetings to make laws, Puritan education maintaining the New England way, Puritan covenant with God to establish a holy society
What were Mary I's religious policies?
She brought back the strict Roman Catholic religion, The Catholic Mass was restored, all priests had to be Catholic, Services in Latin/Cranmer's English book was banned, the pope was the head of the church again. If not you were burned at the stake.
Which statement about Anne Hutchinson is not correct?
She called for an end to all established authority.
What was Queen Elizabeth's solution to the religious turmoil in England (1558-1603)?
She restored Protestantism as the state religion
Which statement about Pocahontas is correct?
She traveled to England, where she raised interest in "civilizing" Indians.
What was a result of Anne Hutchinson's outspoken opposition to male clerical authority?
She was convicted of heresy and sedition and banished from the colony.
Which statement about Pocahontas is correct?
She was kidnapped by the English and eventually married and had a son with an Englishman.
The first wave of migrants to the "New World" came from what area of the world?
Siberia
Who among the following dominated Virginia politics as a royal governor of Virginia for more than thirty years?
Sir William Berkeley
Green Spring Faction:
Sir William Berkeley's group of cronies. Monopolized the government patronage.
Which of the following was stipulated by slave codes passed in the Chesapeake between 1660 and 1710?
Slave codes enacted between 1660 and 1720 further defined American slavery as an system that sought as much to control persons of African descent as to exploit their labor.
Stono Uprising:
Slave rebellion of the colonial period, 150 South Carolina blacks seized guns and ammunition and murdered white planters in September 1739. The uprising was short-lived by it helped persuade whites everywhere that their own blacks might secretly be planning a bloody revolt.
Royal African Company:
Slave trading company created in England to meet colonial planters' demands for black laborers
Which of the following best explains the growth in the slave population in the low country before 1750?
The first British settlers who arrived in Charleston had came from Barbados; many of them had been slaveholders already and brought their slaves with them. By the early 18th century, more Africans had arrived than white people. Carolina also became the center for Indian slave trade.
Lawes and Liberties:
The first alphabetized code oof law printed in English, explained to ordinary colonists their rights and responsibilities as citizens of the commonwealth. Public trust in government.
House of Burgesses:
The first elective representative assembly in colonial Virginia. Created to encourage English settlement in north America and help improve conditions within the colonies.
Paleo-Indians
The first human being hunters to set foot on a vast uninhabited continent, never developed a sense of common identity, focus on survival.
Great Awakening
The first major American religious revival the _________ ________, occurred in the 1730s and 1740s.
Why did planters switch from indentured to slave labor in the Chesapeake?
The flow of indentures into America declined with improved economic conditions in England. Former indentures were a source of social unrest. African slaves were a more dependable and controllable form of labor
Agricultural Revolution:
The gradual shift from hunting and gathering to cultivating basic food crops that occurred world-wide about 7000 years ago. Food supply INC population INC
What were several new navigation techniques which permitted European expansion?
The invention of the caravel, lateen sails, magnetic compass, new maps, and astrolabe
For Africans bound for slave markets in the Americas, the "middle passage" was
The journey to the New World
Which statement about the foundation of New Jersey is not correct?
The king seized New Jersey from its proprietors when it proved highly profitable.
Which of the following best accounts for the smaller slave population in the eighteenth-century North?
The lack of plantation based economy
Describe the foundation and government of New Jersey. Explain why there was confusion early in the New Jersey colony?
The land between the Hudson and Delaware rivers went to Berkeley and Carteret but evidently the governor and the proprietors set up different colonial governments and it was not clear who owned what in New Jersey.
El Pope:
The leader of the Pueblo Indian Rebellion that derive the Europeans out of New Mexico in 1680. Drove Spanish colonists, soldiers, and missionaries out of New Mexico.
Poor Richard's
The most well-known almanac of colonial times was ______ ______ Almanac, published by Benjamin Franklin.
Which of the following statements regarding the Massachusetts Bay Company is NOT correct?
The organizers received a grant for an area almost identical to the present-day Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Which statement regarding birth and mortality rates in the Chesapeake during the 1600s is not correct?
The population declined due to high mortality, low birth rate, and low life expectancy
What was the significance of the "Columbia Exchange" and its impact on European and Native American culture?
The things exchanged included diseases, which killed most Native Americans; Europeans brought new livestock that Native Americans began raising; Native Americans started keeping horses; there were new insects, plants, and foods for both sides; and the new foods with good nutritional value increased Europe's population.
Which of the following statements about King Philip's War is not correct?
The war brought an end to Indian resistance against white settlement in New England
Why were most indentured servant's young men?
The younger the servant, the longer he/she could serve.
Which statement about provincial governors is correct?
Their influence was limited
What were the major developments in Native American culture during the Archaic period?
Their populations were steadily increasing, men and women had more specialized roles within their villages, and they developed complex networks for trading goods and ideas. They adopted regional environments.
Which of the following statements about midwives in colonial America is not correct?
Their profession ceased to exist due to the efforts of professional physicians.
Which statement about midwives in colonial America is not correct?
Their profession ceased to exist, due to the efforts of professional physicians.
Which of the following are reasons that the English opposed the Dutch presence in America?
There was a commercial rivalry between the two nations. It provided bases for Dutch smugglers that evaded English laws. Dutch territory served as a wedge between the northern and southern English colonies.
Why was California not significant in Spain's colonization in the New World?
There was no natural resources worth mentioning and the area was difficult to reach from Mexico City, they saw impoverished Indians along the pacific coast.
What was the state of commerce in colonial America?
There was relatively little industry in America in the 18th century
Itinerant Preachers:
These charismatic preachers spread revivalism throughout America during the Great Awakening.
Explain the origins and contributions of the Germans in America. Why did they come?
They belonged to small protestant sects like the quakers and they came to find religious toleration. They founded Germatown.
Why did the settlers of the Maryland colony promote religious tolerance?
They could not adequately populate the colony with only English Catholics.
Why did colonists oppose the Stamp Act?
They did not think Parliament had the constitutional authority to impose revenue taxes on them.
Why did some Pilgrims leave Holland to come to the New World?
They had religious freedom in Holland, BUT were losing their English language and culture to the Dutch ways and didn't want that for their children. They wanted to go somewhere they could stay English and also have religious freedom.
Which of the following did the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening have in common?
They helped undermine the power of traditional authority.
What probably happened to the original settlers of Sir Walter Raleigh's doomed colony?
They probably died or settled with the Native Anericans in the area
How did the sex ratio affect colonial women's lives?
They rarely remained unmarried. Their lives were consumed by childbearing.
Which of the following accurately characterize the religious views of Massachusetts Puritans?
They regarded material success as evidence of divine favor. They were pious and serious. They favored thrift and hard work
How did contracts differ for minors as opposed to adults?
Those between the ages of ten and fifteen were required to serve until twenty-one.
A decrease in the English birth rate, An increase in English prosperity.
Though it continued well into the eighteenth century, use of indentured labor in the colonies began to decline in the 1670s because of which of the following factors?
During the middle passage, Africans could expect which of the following?
To be given little food or water To be chained
Why did the Puritans sign the Mayflower Compact?
To establish a government for themselves
Which of the following is NOT one of our course goals?
To help you better understand that those who know no history are doomed to repeat it.
. What was the main reason colonial assemblies banned interracial marriages?
To keep white women from bearing mulatto children. They feared that having free white mothers might allow persons of mixed race to sue and gain their freedom, creating a legally recognized free mixed-race class. This would blur the distinction between dominated and subordinated races and weaken the white supremacy.
Explain the factors that caused the English to colonize and migration North America?
To market English exports, for a new source of raw material, increase in trade to get more money, and spread the protestant religion. -joint stock companies to make money -hoped to find gold and other precious metals -new supply of raw materials such as wood, leather, lumber, and furs
What American plant would be the reason for Virginia's economic success and help to shape nearly every aspect of Virginia's society?
Tobacco
Which of the following turned Jamestown into a profitable enterprise?
Tobacco
What crop eventually ensured Jamestown's economic survival? Who lead the way in the cultivation of that crop?
Tobacco; John Rolfe
Peace of Paris of 1763:
Treaty ending the Seven Years' War by which France ceded Canada to Britain Independence of the US recognized by Britain and they evacuate
According to Puritans, the Protestant work ethic attached a positive ethical value to working in the world so that work and virtue were closely related.
True
Among the many things that created American Nationalism, the role of the Continental Army must also be included.
True
At the Annapolis Convention, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison persuaded conservative delegates that only a strong and stable central government could protect them from even worse disasters.
True
Contest for control of North America was most clearly visible in the areas around the borders of British settlement.
True
In Europe, King George's War was known as?
War of the Austrian Succession, colonists scored a magnificent victory over the French.
Joseph Galloway, one of the leading conservatives at the First Continental Congress, said they "intended candidly and clearly to define American rights, and explicitly and dutifully to petition for the remedy which would redress the grievances complained of--to form a more solid and constitutional union between the two countries."
True
One of the distinctive features of American society in the early 19th century as it developed and still today is the widespread conviction that the United States has a special mission or a special role to play in world history.
True
One way to understand what happened at the First Continental Congress, why they hesitated to declare independence, is simply that such a choice came with many consequences as was not to be done so lightly.
True
The creation of the "Continental Association" was a turning point for many colonists because it demanded adherence to the economic boycott.
True
The strict rules and laws of the Massachusetts Bay colony produced a wave of critics who eventually left it to establish new colonies.
True
The use of flintlock rifles was partly responsible for the high number of casualties on both sides of King Philip's War.
True
To answer the question—why did the U.S. happen—we must first turn our attention to the growing sense of American nationalism in the colonies.
True
True or false: The mid-eighteenth-century colonial merchant class took advantage of protections from foreign competition under the British Navigation Acts while also illegally developing markets outside the British Empire.
True
True or false: The term "triangular trade" is inaccurate because the "triangle" had more than three points.
True
Unlike New York, New Jersey did not develop a class of wealthy landowners with large estates.
True
What has endured about the Puritan's belief system is the conviction held by most Americans -- not all, to be sure, but most -- that this country is a special nation with a unique, positive role to play in world history.
True
William Penn recognized the Indians' claim to land and reimbursed them for it.
True
. Which of the following prevented widespread conversion of slaves to Christianity before the 1730s?
Two factors had prevented widespread black conversion. First, most masters feared that converted slaves would interpret their new religious status as a step toward freedom and equality. Second, many slaves remained devoted to their ancestral religions that Christianity did not attract them.
Landed in the Caribbean, Brazil, or territories of the Spanish Empire.
Upon arrival in the New World, most African slaves ______.
Much earlier in 1000 A.D., who were the first Europeans to establish a colony in the New World at Vinland (Newfoundland)?
Vikings/Norsemen
What were the two "Chesapeake Colonies"?
Virginia and Maryland
Where did the majority of slaves in British North America live in 1750?
Virginia and Maryland
Which two colonies were the only ones to enforce laws establishing the Church of England as the official colonial religion?
Virginia and Maryland
The Plymouth colony survived in large part due to assistance from the
Wampanoags.
Glorious Revolution:
William III and Mary II, with the consent of Parliament, replaced James II as English monarchs in 1688. This established the sovereignty of Parliament under a constitutional monarchy. Replaced James II because oof the fear of his catholicism. Changed from an absolute to constitutional monarchy.
The Great Awakening appealed most to which group?
Women
Which of the following was a major factor in the inability of early settlers to build a real community in Jamestown?
Women had not been recruited for the expedition.
Which best describes life expectancy and marriage in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake?
Women t3ended to outlive their husbands because they marrieds at a younger age
Describe the lives of women in 17th century New England. How did they achieve some measure of economic independence?
Worked on farms, different gender roles then men, food prep, milked cows, churned butter, took care of chickens, where married. There was more women in the church than men, rights were limited to legal matters, cant own property, divorces were rare.
Seven Years' War:
Worldwide conflict (1756-1763) that pitted Britain against France. With help from the American colonists, the British won the war and eliminated France as a power on the North American continent. Also known as the French and Indian War.
Hieroglyphics:
Writing inspired by the ancient Mesopotamians, symbolic and phonetic, sacred carvings, word of the God
Dutch Reformed
a Calvinist denomination represented in parts of New York and New Jersey
Which of the following distinguished Roger Williams and the Rhode Island colony from the Massachusetts Bay colony?
a belief in the separation of church and state a belief that the Indians owned the land that the colonists occupied
What did NOT influence the rise of slavery in the Caribbean during the 1600s?
a belief that Africans made ideal agricultural workers
What did not influence the rise of slavery in the Caribbean during the 1600s?
a belief that Africans made ideal agricultural workers
The flow of immigrants from England to the American colonies declined in the early eighteenth century because of
a better economic conditions in England
Colonial protests directed against the Townshend Duties took the form of
a colonial nonimportation agreement
Slaves first became generally available in North America when
a commerce in slaves between southern colonies and the Caribbean developed
Which of the following did not cause the rise of an entrepreneurial merchant class in colonial America?
a concerted effort by Parliament to foster such a class
All of the following were fundamental changes that took place after 1492 EXCEPT:
a disconnected world
The founding of the Church of England during the reign of Henry VIII was related to
a dispute between the king and the pope over a divorce
Which of the following caused Maryland to modify its land grant procedure and adopt a headright system?
a labor shortage
What happened in the aftermath of Chief Powhatan's death?
a leadership vacuum among the Powhatans
Colonial Americans placed high value on education despite
a limited amount of available time for education.
Which of the following factors conducive to the growth of nationalism were absent prior to 1763 in colonial America?
a living and active corporate will to be a nation
As leaders of a tax rebellion the 1780s, Daniel Shays and his supporters demanded
a moratorium on debts.
Spanish missionaries and traders in the Southeast posed ______ to British colonial ambitions in North America.
a more direct threat than their compatriots in the Southwest
Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to the growth of localism in colonial American?
all of these are correct!!! -Religious differences in the colonies. -The course and character of colonial immigration. -The fact that the English did not do very much to encourage the colonies to think of themselves as one. -The geography (and its related characteristics) of North America. -The colonies were begun at different times and for different reasons.
The Tea Act of 1773
all of these are correct. -followed a few years of relative calm with occasional acts of rebellion. -provided no new tax on tea. -lowered the price of tea for American colonists.
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
all of these are correct. prohibited slavery within the affected areas. created a single territory out of the lands north of Ohio. guaranteed freedom of religion throughout the affected areas.
The treaty of Paris of 1783
allowed Americans the opportunity for an independent nation
When did the demand for slave labor in North America begin?
almost from the very beginning of settlement
The most vigorous promoters of science and scientific knowledge in colonial America were
amateur scientists.
Aside from the Bible, the most popular book among colonial families was
an almanac.
In colonial New England, "selectmen" were
annually elected town leaders.
A good example of the "middle grounds" in seventeenth-century America was the
area along the western borders of English settlement.
Cobblers, blacksmiths, and printers were examples of the types of _____ common in the North.
artisans
Although Parliament remianed the ultimate authority in the colonies, colonial _____ exercised increasing control over American public life.
assemblies
In 1624, the Virginia Company
became defunct.
Which of the following are reasons why colonial assemblies formed?
because royal government was so far away to run the political affairs of local communities
To facilitate the new consumer appetites, merchants and traders did which of the following?
began advertising their goods in newspapers sent agents out into the countryside to visit wealthy landowners
Portugal, Spain, France, and England
believed that they conquered for God and country.
The flow of immigrants from England to the American colonies declined in the early eighteenth century because of
better economic conditions in England.
When balancing the four "humors," male physicians mostly practiced
bleeding
When balancing the four "humor," male physicians mostly practiced
bleeding.
The Great Awakening developed in the 18th century out of
both of these are correct
By what means did most English settlers pay for their passage to America?
by agreeing to fixed terms as laborers
In colonial New England, "selectmen" were
church members who ran the town's affairs
The growth of eighteenth-century consumerism was partly the result of the increasing division of colonial societies by
class
The growth of eighteenth-century consumerism was partly the result of the increasing division of colonial societies by
class.
John Wesley
co-founder of Methodism
. African styles of architecture were most common in
coastal South Carolina.
Which of the following are reasons the American colonies did not experience the explosive industrial growth that Great Britain did in the eighteenth century?
inadequate labor supply unreliable energy supplies a small domestic market
Which of the following was a primary cause of a shift in the balance of power between Europeans and natives in the middle grounds?
increased English presence in the region
Which of the following was a result of Bacon's Rebellion?
increased reliance on black slaves for labor
At least three-quarters of the immigrants to the Chesapeake in the seventeenth century were
indentured servants.
What did Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense advocate?
independence for the colonies
The growth of consumerism in the American colonies during the eighteenth century was part of a larger
industrial revolution.
. The term miscegenation refers to
interracial sexual contact.
Why did colonists oppose the Tea Act?
it appeared to be an attempt to financially ruin the merchants and smugglers who were leading the resistance movement
According to Dr. Cox, history is relativistic because
it is almost inevitable that historical truth is to one degree or another is not fixed.
Which of the following statements about colonial commerce is most accurate?
it survived and grew despite lacking the basic institutions of trade
Which of the following is true about the practice of medicine during the seventeenth century?
it was relatively easy to practice medicine, even without professional training
Most of the early English settlers in the North American colonies were
labores
Sons in New England depended on their fathers for _____, and fathers depended on their wives and daughters for _____.
land; labor
Upon arrival in the New World, most African slaves
landed in the Caribbean, Brazil, or territories of the Spanish Empire
Upon arrival in the New World, most African slaves
landed in the Caribbean, Brazil, or territories of the Spanish Empire.
In the early seventeenth century, Enlightenment ideas in America were
largely borrowed form Europe.
In the early seventeenth century, Enlightenment ideas in America were
largely borrowed from Europe
In the early seventeenth century, Enlightenment ideas in America were
largely borrowed from Europe.
Under chattel slavery, enslaved African Americans were the legal equivalents of
livestock.
Americans who responded to the Great Awakening were moved by the belief that everyone had the potential to
make a break with the past and start a new life.
Many colonists believed the legislation passed by Parliament
meant the British were trying to take away their tradition of self-government.
For a time, Rhode Island was the only English colony in America where
members of all faiths (including Jews) could worship freely.
As the head of a parliamentary committee investigating _, James Oglethorpe became appalled by the plight of _, and he founded Georgia partly to provide a refuge and new start for them.
prisons; honest debtors and other vulnerable people
Passed in 1765, the Virginia Resolutions were statements
protesting against the Stamp Act
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain funded Columbus's voyage in hopes that he would do all of the following EXCEPT
prove the world was not flat.
The Sugar Act was NOT designed to
raise the customs duty on foreign molasses imported into the American colonies.
. Most southern slaves used technologies closely associated with
raising and processing crops for distant markets.
For the most part, seventeenth-century colonial plantations were
relatively small and unsophisticated
To pay for goods, colonial merchants
relied on barter or money substitutes
A central element in the emergence of independent black culture was the creation of a new
religion that blended Christianity with African folklore.
Which two of the following were incentives to colonization offered by the Carolina proprietors?
religious freedom for all Christians a measure of political freedom, with a representative assembly
To adapt to the challenges of life in the colonies, Americans quickly adopted an attitude of
religious tolerance
To adapt to the challenges of life in the colonies, Americans quickly adopted an attitude of
religious tolerance.
What was the most important source of population increase in New England after the 1650s?
reproduction
In 1766, in response to colonial protests against the Stamp Act, the British government
rescineded the Stamp Act
. Before the late eighteenth century, slaves' goal in resisting was to
resist their masters as well as they could.
in the 1783 Treaty of Paris that ended the Revolutionary War, Britain demanded that the United States
restore the rights and property of American loyalists
The Iron Act of 1750 did which of the following?
restricted metal processing in the colonies
The Great Awakening in the 1740s was a
revival movement with an emotional appeal.
The foundation of the South Carolina and Georgia economies was
rice.
The increased demand for slaves in the Chesapeake in the eighteenth century was the mainly the result of the
rising demand for tobacco in the colonies and Europe.
Though the tobacco economy was a potentially lucrative one, it was prone to
sharp drops in prices caused by increased production.
Which of the following determined whether an individual was subject to eighteenth-century laws limiting the rights of blacks?
skin color
In the Chesapeake, indentured servitude was replaced by African __________.
slaves
What was Africa's primary export in the triangular trade?
slaves
Many people in Maryland incorrectly assumed that Lord Baltimore had supported James II and the Catholics, and a revolt broke out in 1698, with the ultimate result that
the colony's political structure and religious laws were fundamentally changed.
Which of the following make Georgia unique among English colonies in North America?
the combination of military and philanthropic motives behind its establishment the fact that it was neither solely a business venture nor a religious refuge
Which of the following accurately reflect the term "triangular trade"?
the commercial relationships that linked Africa, the West Indies, America, and Europe the network of imports and exports that spanned the Atlantic world
From 1624 until 1776, which of the following controlled the colony of Virginia?
the crown
Low-country plantations focused on
the cultivation of rice.
Historians refer to "Pre-Coumbian America" as
the era prior to Columbus's arrival to the "New World" in 1492
In the Pequot War, King Philip's War, and other conflicts in New England during the 1600s, Indians made notable use of which aspect of military technology?
the flintlock rifle
Enlightenment thinking emphasized the importance of which of these ideas?
the importance of science and human reason
For Africans bound for slave markets in the Americas, the "middle passage" was
the journey to the New World.
Which of the following best accounts for the smaller slave population in the eighteenth-century North?
the lack of a plantation-based economy
Contest for the control of North America was most evident in
the middle grounds.
The Pequot War resulted in
the near elimination of local Indian tribes in the Connecticut Valley
Which of the following accurately reflect the term "triangular trade"?
the network of imports and exports that spanned the Atlantic world the commercial relationships that linked Africa, the West Indies, America, and Europe
Church of England
the official faith in many colonies
Which of the following established stability in the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
the prevalence of families
What was the most important effect the Restoration had on America?
the resumption of colonization efforts
The term "middle passage" refers to
the route from Africa to the New World--the second leg of the triangular trade.
What was the "middle passage" of the triangular trade?
the shipment of slaves from Africa to the West Indies and North America
The Columbian Exchange refers to
the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the "New World" and "Old World."
Where did German immigrants tend to settle, in the colonies, when they arrived during this era?
the western Chesapeake and Pennsylvania.
Where did the Scotch-Irish who immigrated to North America tend to settle?
the western edges of the frontier
Native Americans helped white settlers survive in the New World, but tensions soon developed due to which of the following?
the white colonists' appetite for colonial expansion the white colonists' view of the natives as a threat to creating a godly community
Which of the following is not a "Fascinating Fact about the Mayan Empire?"
their calendar accurately predicted the end the Earth in 2012
Colonial Americans placed high value on education despite
their difficulties in gaining access to educational resources.
