Hist 1301 Final
The federal government expanded its budget in 1865, causing the national budget to exceed ______ for the first time in the nation's history.
$1 billion
Why did white americans begin settling west of the Mississippi River in the 1820s?
(1) To flee from religious persecution (2) To pursue greater social freedoms (3) To seek riches
Consequences of American Westward Expansion
(1)The further decimation of Native America (2)The continued expansion of the Market Revolution (3)The "opening" of the frontier; it kept alive the democrat promise that free men could make it on their own (4)The explosion of the issue of slavery into politics
Which of the following statements is true of First Manassas?
After the battle, Congress authorized the enlistment of 500,000 soldiers
Which of the following was true of Texas prior to its statehood?
Although Mexico had previously abolished slavery, Americans brought slaves with them in defiance of Mexico's wishes
Which of the following was NOT one of the native tribes of the Western plains that were collectively the Plains Indians?
Choctaw
___ a Civil War nurse, went on to find the American Red Cross
Clara Barton
In the Dred Scott decision, Chief Justice Roger Taney asserted that:
Congress had no right to prohibit slavery anywhere in the United States
Which of the following did Polk hope to get from provoking a war with Mexico?
Control of much Mexico's territory throughout the Southwest.
At the beginning of the Civil War, most northerners:
Disliked slavery but did not want a large free black population in the United States
_____ was a derisive name for a northerner who openly supported the South.
Doughface
Abraham Lincoln won presidency as a sectional candidate in the _____.
Election of 1860
Which of the following treaties was signed between the Plains Indians and the U.S government?
Fort Laramie Treaty
The Civil War lasted for ___ and was brutal for both the North and the South
Four years
All of the following are true statements about African American participation in the Civil War EXCEPT:
Free blacks and escaped slaves were admitted into the Union Army early in the war
Grant's capture of the city of Vicksburg and Port Hudson in Louisiana in July 1863:
Gave the Union total control of the Mississippi River , splitting the Confederacy into two parts
After First Manassas, ___ was the first commander of the Union's Army of the Potomac.
General George B. McClellan
___ made his famous March to the Sea, cutting a path of destruction 60 miles wide and several hundred miles long through Georgia.
General William Tecumseh Sherman
_____ party's slogan was "The Union as it was, the Constitution as it is, and the Negroes where they are."
George B. McClellan's
Before the presidential election of 1860, the main goal of the new Republican Party was to:
Get Abraham Lincoln elected president.
_____ proposed the Compromise of 1850.
Henry Clay
In 1862, Congress passed the _____, which offered 160 acres of free public land to nay settler (including former slaves) who had never taken up arms against the federal government and who lived on the land for five years.
Homestead Act
For Catholics, the vast majority of whom were recent ____ living in northern cities, the war provided an opportunity to assert themselves as Americans.
Irish Immigrants
Which of the following is a true statement about the actions of the Mexican government in Texas in the 1830s?
It built military posts to prohibit further American settlement.
Which of the following is a true statement about the Buchanan-Pakenham Treaty?
It designated the 49th parallel as the border between the United States and Canada.
Which of the following is NOT a true statement about the Battle of Antietam?
It ended with victory for the Confederacy, which boosted morale and kept its soldiers determined to win the war.
Which of the following statements is true of the Know-Nothing Party?
It partly appealed to the middle class and working men.
Which of the following statements is true of the Fugitive State Law?
It required all runaway slaves to be returned to their masters.
------, a former Tennessee governor and congressman, became the most prominent spokesperson for the benefits to be gained from American expansion
James K. Polk
Which of the following was an outcome of John Brown's raid?
John Brown failed to foment the slave revolt he had planned
___led an armed expeditionary group in what became the Bear Flag Revolt.
John C. Fremont
The term manifest destiny was coined by____.
John O'Sullivan
The death of America's second two-party system can be attributed, in part, to the:
Kansas-Nebraska Act
In 1798, Thomas Jefferson had claimed the right of nullification in the _____.
Kentucky Resolution
First phase of migration across the Mississippi:
Lasted from 1820s-1844 Americans moved west without the consent of the government; they moved for mainly personal reasons
What was the term that expressed the idea that the US was fated to possess NORTH AMERICA from the Atlantic to the Pacific?
Manifest Destiny
Which of the following in response to the admission of Texas as an American state?
Mexico broke off diplomatic relations with the United States
Which of the following events did NOT occur as a result of the discovery of gold in California?
Migrant to California formed diplomatic relationships with Native Americans
Which of the following was NOT a part of the Compromise of 1850?
New Mexico and Utah could have slaves as long as they remained territories, but slavery would end when they became states.
During the first year of the Civil War, taking ___ was significant for the Union because it was the South's largest and richest city and its biggest port.
New Orleans
In the North, the most violent protests against the draft took place in the city of--
New York
After several southern states threatened to secede from the Union, the Crittenden Compromise attempted to stop them from seceding by:
Offering to extend the Missouri Compromise line of 1820 all the way to the Pacific, excluding California.
After the war, ___ and William James fashioned a new philosophy called pragmatism.
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
"Fifty-four Forty or Fight?!" referred to:
Polk's campaign promise to gain exclusive title to the Oregon Territory
Which of the following events did NOT occur when the Senate debated the Compromise of 1850?
President Zachary Taylor attended the proceedings, ready to defend the Compromise.
Personal Liberty Laws were designed for:
Protect escaped slaves who made it into the North.
During the Civil War, the word contraband was applied not only to smuggled goods but also to :
Runaway slaves
The commander-in-chief of the new Texas army, under whom Texas rebelled and declared their independence from Mexico, was _____.
Sam Houston
_____ abolished the Mexican constitution and declared himself absolute dictator of Mexico.
Santa Anna
During the Civil War, one of the reasons that Lee's Confederate forces were able to push the Army of the Potomac northward and out of Virginia was that the Union general, George McClellan, was:
Self-defeating in his attitude
Which of the following was the main problem with Texas's becoming a U.S. state?
Slavery
Which of the following events did NOT occur during the presidential election of 1848?
Southern Democrats called for "free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men."
Texas was a(n) __ until 1821, when it became part of the newly independent nation of Mexico.
Spanish Colony
The most popular destination of westward migration before the 1840s:
Texas
The Union Army in 1861 and 1862 fought a limited war, which meant that:
The Union troops were careful not to assault southern civilians.
John Brown led the massacre at Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas, in order to avenge:
The burning down of the Free Soil town of Lawrence by proslavery advocates
What was the significance of Fort Sumter's surrender?
The fort's surrender to the Confederacy led to war between the North and the South.
Which of the following was the reason for Congress to organize Oregon as a formal American territory?
The killing of fourteen settlers by a group of Cayuse Indians
Which of the following happened as Americans relentlessly moved westward across the continent?
The opening of the frontier kept alive the democratic promise that poor but free men could make it on their own.
Which of the following was the key focus of the parties in the presidential election of 1844?
The re-annexation of Texas, as raised by the Democrats
At the outset of the Civil War, which of the following did both northerners and southerners predict?
The war would not change their societies dramatically
Which of the following was true of the Peace Democrats?
They believed that the Union had no right to force southern states to remain within it.
Which of the following is a true statement about the White Northern Democrats who opposed slavery?
They believed, as southern whites did, in the legitimacy of white supremacy.
Which of the following was the primary reason for the Chinese presence in the West?
They wanted to mine gold, get rich, and return home.
Which of the following is a true statement about the mountain men?
They were explorers employed as trappers and worked as scouts for the U.S. Army.
One of the reasons for southern secession was to protect states' right from a too powerful federal gov, so it was ironic that:
To prosecute the war, the Confederate gov had to assume a great deal of centralized control
The Mormons found refuge in the area around the Great Salt Lake, in what would have become the state of ______ :
Utah
The "20 Negro Law", a section of the Confederate Conscription Act, stated that:
Wealthy landholders who owned at least twenty slaves could be exempted from military service to make sure that their valuable cotton got harvested
Which of the following was major concern when California applied for statehood?
Whether California would enter the Union as a slave state or a free state.
Unlike most American settlers who went west, the Mormons went west because they:
Wished to seek a haven from religious persecution
In an attempt to control disloyalty and dissent in the North, Lincoln suspended Americans?
Writ of habeas corpus
According to the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851, the U.S. government:
agreed to pay cash restitution to the Plains Indians for disruptions to the buffalo grounds
The Lecompton Constitution, written by delegates elected in Kansas, was controversial because it:
forbade slavery in the territory.
The thirteenth amendment to the Constitution:
freed all slaves in the United States without compensating the owners.
One of the strongest advantages that the South had, at the beginning of the Civil War, was the fact that the North:
had to wage an offensive war to occupy the South.
One strategy that both the Union and the Confederacy used as the war progressed was:
instituting an income tax.
Mormon leaders advocated a move to the Great Salt Lake because:
it appeared that no other group wanted to settle there
First Manassas (the First Battle of Bull Run) was important because:
it stripped the northerners and the southerners of their assumptions about an easy war.
Many members of Congress feared annexing Texas into the United States because:
the Missouri Compromise which crafted a delicate balance between slave and free states would be disrupted
Which of the following statements is true of the Mormon movement?
the Mormons spent about five of their early years to development in Commerce, Illinois, which they renamed Nauvoo
During the Civil War, the Union's attempts to cut the Confederacy off from seaborne commerce proved difficult at first because:
the Union only had forty-two ships to patrol 3,550 miles of Confederate coastline.
The British slowly began to withdraw from the Oregon territory after:
the beaver population declined in that region
Congress found itself debating slavery once again in the early 1850s, this time as it tried to settle the issue of:
the place where a transcontinental railroad could be built.
The most continuous issue debated diplomatically between the Americans and the Mexican before the outbreak of the Mexican War was:
what geographical landmark should true border between Mexico and Texas
Abraham Lincoln won the presidency in 1860 _____.
without winning a single southern state
Which of the following was an outcome of the Utah War?
A massacre of more than one hundred California bound immigrants from Arkansas.
Define Mountain Men
A rugged group of explorers; frequently employed as trappers; worked for fur companies;
The "Spot Resolutions," as proposed by ___, presented countervailing views on advocating America's manifest destiny.
Abraham Lincoln
In the _____ on September 17, 1862, the Union's Army of the Potomac forced Lee's Army of Northern Virginia to retreat from Union territory in the Maryland back into the Confederacy.
Battle of Antietam
Second phase of migration across the Mississippi:
Began in 1844 After the election of President Polk; he was an evangelist for American Expansion With him the nation doubled in size The second phase was promoted by manifest destiny
____ was the successor of Joseph Smith who negotiated a truce so the Mormons could peacefully leave Illinois.
Brigham Young
Background of Texas(before war with Mexico)
Texas was originally a Mexican territory, but Americans began flooding it; Anglo-Americans formed their own cultural group there; Mexico then abolished slavery, but Texans refused to abolish slavery
What four territories were developed in the West during 1820-1844?
Texas, Oregon, Utah, and California
Which of the following did not have a territorial claim on the territory of Oregon?
The Dutch
Which of the following is true a statement about the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
The U.S acquired Utah, Nevada, California, western Colorado, and parts of Arizona and New México, all in exchange for $15 million
The Liberty Party was formed by people who:
opposed the annexation of Texas.
In the context of the war with Mexico, leading intellectuals such as Henry David Thoreau, Frederick Douglass, and William Lloyd Garrison:
opposed the war on the grounds that it would perpetuate slavery.
Before the Election of 1860, the main goal of the new Republican party was to:
prevent slavery from expanding further into the West
To ensure his positive legacy, President John Tyler:
pushed Congress to annex Texas through a Congressional resolution.
James K. Polk's first action as president was to:
snuff out any plans Britain had for re-entering North America
