HIST 1301-History to 1877- Unit 1 EXAM
For the Pequots, the result of the 1637 war that they fought with New England settlers was: A. retention of most of their traditional lands B. a religious crisis C. slaughter and enslavement D. revenge for the previous cruelties of the English E. leadership of all other Indians in the region
C. slaughter and enslavement
During Cortés's siege of Tenochtitlan, the Aztecs were especially weakened by: A. the death of Montezuma B. cannon fire C. smallpox D. a crisis of religious faith E. a series of natural disasters
C. smallpox
The presidios established by the Spaniards in the Southwest housed: A. missionaries B. settlers C. soldiers D. ranchers E. explorers
C. soldiers
All of the following are true of the Anasazis EXCEPT that they: A. lacked a rigid class structure B. engaged in warfare only for self-defense C. lived in the Southwest D. were transformed by the arrival of horses E. were threatened by a prolonged drought
D. were transformed by the arrival of horses
The stockholders who invested in the Virginia Company were motivated primarily by: A. religion B. a spirit of adventure C. curiosity about the New World D. personal loyalty to James I E. financial profit
E. financial profit
Maryland was much like Virginia in that it: A. banned Catholics B. was owned by a joint-stock company C. promoted religious freedom D. was politically dominated by small farmers E. had a tobacco-based economy
E. had a tobacco-based economy
Ancient Greeks: A. knew of the existence of the New World B. measured longitude at sea C. used printing presses D. knew of the riches of China and Japan E. knew that the world was round
E. knew that the world was round
John Cabot's crossing of the Atlantic in 1497 resulted in his: A. sighting of the Pacific B. sailing around the tip of South America C. discovery of a shortcut to China D. exploration of Florida E. making landfall in present-day Canada
E. making landfall in present-day Canada
Which of the following foods did Europeans introduce to the New World? A. beans B. corn C. potatoes D. squash E. rice
E. rice
The Spanish Armada: A. attempted to invade England B. was a treasure fleet attacked by the English C. was destroyed by a storm before it left Spain D. caused Spain to give up New World colonization as a result of its defeat E. broke English naval power for a century
A. attempted to invade England
The Mayflower Compact: A. completely separated civil and church governments B. was developed by settlers in Massachusetts Bay C. provided the original government for the Plymouth colony D. called for total religious toleration E. originated in the House of Commons
C. provided the original government for the Plymouth colony
The introduction of horses to Plains tribes: A. unilaterally bettered the lives of their women B. lessened their dependence on bison C. replaced dogs as beasts of burden D. minimally altered the ecology of the Great Plains E. made them less nomadic
C. replaced dogs as beasts of burden
A central element of Aztec religion: A. maintained that its god was a woman B. required the Aztecs to live at peace with their neighbors C. required offerings of human blood D. repudiated ritual sacrifices E. was infant baptism
C. required offerings of human blood
When Massachusetts leader John Winthrop spoke of "a city upon a hill," he was referring to that colony's desire to: A. be financially successful B. become independent of England C. serve as a model Christian community D. an ideal government E. convert the Indians to Christianity
C. serve as a model Christian community
Which of the following animals were NOT found in the New World before the Europeans arrived? A. flying squirrels and catfish B. bison and opossums C. sheep and pigs D. turkeys and llamas E. rattlesnakes and iguanas
C. sheep and pigs
A large number of South Carolina's original settlers were British planters from: A. Barbados B. Maryland C. Jamaica D. Georgia E. North Carolina
A. Barbados
Which country did Sir Walter Raleigh argue should establish colonies in the New World? A. England B. France C. Holland D. Spain E. Portugal
A. England
The major cause of King Philip's War was: A. Indian resentment over forced conversions to Christianity B. King Philip's desire for territorial expansion C. Indian anger over their destruction from European diseases D. Indian feelings of racial superiority over the English E. the need of Indian warriors to prove themselves in battle
A. Indian resentment over forced conversions to Christianity
By 1492, united kingdoms in western Europe included all of the following EXCEPT: A. Italy B. England C. Spain D. Portugal E. France
A. Italy
The first Europeans to sail around Africa and on to India were the: A. Portuguese B. Spaniards C. English D. Italians E. Irish
A. Portuguese
The headright system adopted for the Virginia colony consisted of: A. The headright system adopted for the Virginia colony consisted of would transport himself to the colony and fifty more for any servants he might bring B. "selling" wives to single male settlers C. auctioning black slaves to settlers D. giving free land to all servants who came to the colony E. giving free land in return for five years of military service
A. The headright system adopted for the Virginia colony consisted of would transport himself to the colony and fifty more for any servants he might bring
The newest theories of early native migration from Asia to the Americas include: A. This migration came much earlier than previously thought. B. The Bering Land Bridge was the only avenue of migration. C. Changes in Asia's climate drove natives to the Americas. D. The natives built advanced sailing vessels for long seagoing voyages. E. Early Asian societies drove these natives out and ultimately they settled in the Americas.
A. This migration came much earlier than previously thought.
Sir William Berkeley: A. arrived as Virginia's royal governor in 1642 B. caused an economic collapse as a result of his policies C. waged near-constant war on the local Indian tribes D. Disbanded the Virginia legislative assembly that had been formed in 1619 E. captured and executed Nathaniel Bacon
A. arrived as Virginia's royal governor in 1642
Bacon's Rebellion: A. brought indentured servants and small farmers together against the colony's rich planters and political leaders C. resulted from changes in the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina that discriminated against Puritans D. forced Governor Berkeley to abandon the colony and return to England E. sought to make Virginia independent of England
A. brought indentured servants and small farmers together against the colony's rich planters and political leaders
The major reason Charles II decided to wrest New Netherland from the Dutch was the threat of that colony's: A. commercial success B. military strength C. religious freedom D. form of government E. friendship with the Indians
A. commercial success
On his first voyage, Columbus: A. explored a number of Caribbean islands B. landed on the mainland of North America C. realized he had discovered a new world D. expressed his kind intentions toward the Indians E. ensured that he would be wealthy for life
A. explored a number of Caribbean islands
The extensive lands controlled by Muslims: A. hindered European trade routes to Asia B. were forfeited with the success of the Crusades C. lessened European interest in spices from Asia D. included France and Holland E. made many Christians begin to doubt their faith
A. hindered European trade routes to Asia
Horses became so valuable in North America they: A. intensified intertribal competition and warfare B. were very hard to purchase C. became the sole responsibility of men D. were rarely used for hunting due to the dangers involved E. were worshipped as gods
A. intensified intertribal competition and warfare
The Protestant Reformation in England: A. occurred more for political reasons than because of disagreement about religious doctrine B. was almost undone when Elizabeth tried to reimpose Catholicism C. was led by John Calvin D. occurred prior to the Reformation in Germany E. led to the overthrow of Henry VIII
A. occurred more for political reasons than because of disagreement about religious doctrine
The English Civil War affected the American colonies by: A. permitting the colonies to essentially govern themselves B. requiring Puritanism to be adopted in every colony C. by placing members of Oliver Cromwell's family as colonial governors D. allowing them to pledge their loyalty to Spain during the crisis E. devastating the Native American culture in New England
A. permitting the colonies to essentially govern themselves
The various Iroquois tribes warred against tribes such as the A. secure control of the beaver trade B. impress the English and the Dutch C. impose their culture on their traditional enemies D. replace their population lost to disease E. improve their fighting skills
A. secure control of the beaver trade
In the Southeast, the profitability of Indian captives prompted a frenzy of: A. slaving activity B. head-hunting C. raiding Indian villages to capture children D. dishonest treaty making E. missionary activity
A. slaving activity
A major reason for the defeat of the Spanish Armada was: A. storms in the North Sea B. Elizabeth's brilliance as a naval strategist C. the incompetence of the Spanish captains D. the greater size of the English vessels E. inaccurate Spanish maps and compasses
A. storms in the North Sea
The explorer Sir Humphrey Gilbert: A. was lost at sea B. founded the Roanoke colony C. became a notorious pirate D. married Queen Elizabeth E. was an English captain hired by the French
A. was lost at sea
Pocahontas, or Matoaka,: A. was the daughter of Powhatan B. refused to convert to Christianity C. married John Smith D. played virtually no role in the relationship between the natives and the English E. like many women of that era, died young and childless
A. was the daughter of Powhatan
James I: A. was the first of the Stuart monarchs B. openly favored the Puritans C. recognized the supreme authority of Parliament D. conquered Scotland E. was wise and open-minded
A. was the first of the Stuart monarchs
Anne Hutchinson was kicked out of Massachusetts for: A.challenging the authority of local ministers B. championing equal rights for women C. insufficient knowledge of the Bible D. believing good works would earn a place in heaven E. refusing to uphold the Sabbath
A.challenging the authority of local ministers
The man who became head of the Virginia Company of London in 1618 and instituted a series of reforms to save the colony was: A. John Rolfe B. Sir Edwin Sandys C. John Smith D. Peter Stuyvesant E. Sir Thomas Gates
B. Sir Edwin Sandys
In 1565, the first European town was established in the current-day United States at: A. Santa Fe B. St. Augustine C. Jamestown D. Plymouth E. San Antonio
B. St. Augustine
Which is true of English society by the early 1600s? A. The right to trial by jury had yet to be established. B. There was a growing population of beggars and vagabonds. C. There were no limits on the power of the monarch. D. Titled nobles dominated the House of Commons. E. There were no significant class distinctions.
B. There was a growing population of beggars and vagabonds.
During Oliver Cromwell's rule, defeated English Royalists would most likely seek refuge in: A. New Hampshire B. Virginia C. Connecticut D. New Jersey E. Massachusetts
B. Virginia
The leader of the Pilgrims who established the Plymouth colony was: A. John Winthrop B. William Bradford C. Roger Williams D. Lord Baltimore E. John Calvin
B. William Bradford
Food crops exported from the Americas: A. were more valuable to Europeans than gold or silver B. allowed a population explosion C. included the meat of cattle and pigs D. made Spain the most powerful nation in Europe E. included commodities like rice and wheat previously unknown in Europe
B. allowed a population explosion
The encomienda system: A. kept the Portuguese out of Mexico B. allowed privileged Spanish landowners to control Indian villages C. benefited the Native American populations of Spanish America D. allowed Mayan and Incan leaders to become very wealthy through the labor of their people E. was replicated by the English in their later New World colonies
B. allowed privileged Spanish landowners to control Indian villages
The arrival of Europeans in the Americas was driven by: A. a need to escape their home countries B. an adventurous curiosity C. a powerful greed to conquer and hold land D. competition between nations for the India trade E. the struggle for gold and slaves
B. an adventurous curiosity
In the "starving time" of 1609-1610, Jamestown settlers: A. overthrew John Smith B. ate horses, dogs, rats, boots, and mice C. went back to England D. first started growing tobacco E. went to live with the Indians
B. ate horses, dogs, rats, boots, and mice
Which of the following would NOT characterize the Mississippi Indian culture? A. towns built around plazas and temples B. cliff dwellings and widespread use of irrigation C. cultivation of corn, beans, and squashes D. ceremonial human torture and sacrifice E. extensive trading activities
B. cliff dwellings and widespread use of irrigation
The Iroquois: A. were five Indian tribes that united to fight the Dutch settlers who invaded their homeland B. controlled much of eastern North America during the second half of the seventeenth century C. were known for their pacifism, even in the face of almost certain destruction D. developed a written language and a constitutional government E. consistently supported the French over the English
B. controlled much of eastern North America during the second half of the seventeenth century
In most cases, Spanish explorers and soldiers who came to the New World were motivated by all of the following EXCEPT: A.religious zeal B. desire to serve their fellow man C. pursuit of riches D. desire for power E. patriotism
B. desire to serve their fellow man
The Aztecs: A. were the most advanced example of the Adena-Hopewell culture B. had an empire of perhaps 5 million people in Mexico C. absorbed the Mayas around 1425 D. succumbed to the Toltecs around AD 900 E. were a peaceful, nomadic people
B. had an empire of perhaps 5 million people in Mexico
Traditionally, scholars have believed that Paleo-Indians migrated from Asia into North America: A. in response to global warming B. in pursuit of large game animals C. beginning about a thousand years ago D. to escape tribal warfare in Asia E. in search of a disease-free environment
B. in pursuit of large game animals
The colony of Pennsylvania was: A. based upon lands seized from the Indians B. open to all religious believers C. populated solely by the English D. governed by Quaker ministers E. considered part of New England
B. open to all religious believers
A central element of John Calvin's theology was his belief in: A. salvation through good works B. predestination C. infant baptism D. papal infallibility E. the basic truth of all religions
B. predestination
New England's Congregationalist churches were: A. open to everyone B. self-governing C. tolerant of other religions D. morally opposed to slavery E. financially supported by the king
B. self-governing
The Protestant Reformation was launched in Europe by: A. Henry VIII B. John Calvin C. Martin Luther D. Charles V of Spain E. Isaac Newton
C. Martin Luther
From AD 300 to 900, which group in Middle America (Mesoamerica) developed large cities, including gigantic pyramids? A. Aztecs B. Incas C. Mayas D. Pueblos E. Caribs
C. Mayas
The French captain, Jacques Cartier, most importantly explored the: A. Caribbean B. Mississippi River C. Great Lakes D. St. Lawrence River E. Hudson Bay
C. St. Lawrence River
Spanish explorers of North America such as Narvaez, de Soto, and Coronado: A. found large deposits of gold and silver B. established numerous permanent settlements C. added to the knowledge of the continent's interior D. converted many Indians to Christianity E. journeyed as far north as current-day Canada
C. added to the knowledge of the continent's interior
The first Jews in the colonies: A. were wealthy B. soon became very numerous C. arrived in New Netherland D. found quick acceptance from Christians E. migrated to Massachusetts
C. arrived in New Netherland
In 1624, a British court dissolved the struggling Virginia Company, and Virginia: A. was merged with New England B. no longer existed C. became a royal colony D. lost all its funding E. was given to the king's brother, the Duke of York
C. became a royal colony
The government of Spain in the New World differed from that of the later British colonies in that: A. Spain permitted a greater degree of self-government in its colonies B. there was less bureaucracy associated with the government of the Spanish colonies C. every detail of colonial administration was closely regulated by the Spanish king D. Spain completely uprooted the native cultures it encountered E. Spaniards were more likely to settle as families
C. every detail of colonial administration was closely regulated by the Spanish king
Roger Williams founded Rhode Island after he: A. devoted himself to converting the Indians B. decided he was no longer a Christian C. had been banished from Massachusetts for his religious opinions D. led a rebellion against the government of Massachusetts E. discovered it had the best farmland in New England
C. had been banished from Massachusetts for his religious opinions
Columbus succeeded in: A. finding a water route to Asia B. proving the world was round C. inspiring subsequent European explorations D. bringing the benefits of European civilization to the Indians E. finding rich sources of rubies and diamonds
C. inspiring subsequent European explorations
European exploration of the Americas was greatly assisted by: A. increased literacy B. the Reformation C. new sailing technologies D. decentralized European nation states E. the decline of European monarchies
C. new sailing technologies
The English Puritans: A. converted James I to their perspective B. rejected the doctrines of Martin Luther C. opposed Catholic elements in the Church of England D. believed in religious freedom E. believed people could be saved by their own actions, not just by God's grace
C. opposed Catholic elements in the Church of England
The colonies established after the Restoration were all: A. joint-stock ventures B. royal colonies C. proprietary colonies D. Christian commonwealths E. west of the Appalachians
C. proprietary colonies
One of the important factors aiding the survival of the early Jamestown settlers was: A. the large sums of money that were used to bring additional supplies to them regularly B. their willingness to work hard and sacrifice for the good of the whole colony C. the assistance they received from the Indians D. the lack of the diseases and hardships that afflicted other colonies E. the democratic government established by the Virginia Company
C. the assistance they received from the Indians
The British colonies differed from the Spanish in all of the following ways EXCEPT: A. they experienced less centralized control B. they were developed with private investment funds rather C. they were in a more compact geographical area D. they encountered no Indian empires like the Aztecs or Incas E. they were supported by a weaker navy.
C. they were in a more compact geographical area
The log cabin: A. was the essential form of housing for the early settlers in all colonies B. originated in the Carolinas C. was the contribution of Scandinavian settlers in New Sweden D. was first used by the Pilgrims in Plymouth colony E. was the chief form of housing for Eastern Woodlands Indians
C. was the contribution of Scandinavian settlers in New Sweden
By the early eighteenth century, the English colonies in North America: A. extended beyond the Appalachians B. had eliminated their French and Spanish rivals C. were the most populous and prosperous on the continent D. were on the verge of independence from England E. remained tiny outposts of civilization
C. were the most populous and prosperous on the continent
By the seventeenth century, the Indian population in Spain's New World empire had decreased by about: A. 5 percent B. 50 percent C. 25 percent D. 90 percent E. 10 percent
D. 90 percent
The city of Tenochtitlán was founded in 1325 by the: A. Mayas B. Chibchas C. Incas D. Aztecs E. Anasazi
D. Aztecs
For the English preparing to colonize America, one model of settlement was provided by their country's prior experience in: A. Africa B. Scotland C. Iceland D. Ireland E. the Canary Islands
D. Ireland
Which is NOT true of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680? A. Indians forced the Spaniards to temporarily retreat. B. Indians attacked numerous churches and priests. C. It occurred in New Mexico. D. It led the Spaniards to immediately colonize Texas and California. E. It was led by an Indian named Popé.
D. It led the Spaniards to immediately colonize Texas and California.
Which of the following is NOT true of Georgia? A. It was the last of the English colonies to be established. B.It was to serve as a military buffer against Spanish Florida. C. Its first permanent settlement was Savannah. D. It succeeded in keeping out slavery. E. James Oglethorpe led the initial settlers.
D. It succeeded in keeping out slavery.
Charles I: A. was willing to negotiate the extent of royal power B. was returned to power after the English Civil War C. protected Puritans during his reign D. disbanded Parliament from 1629-1640 E. married numerous times in an effort to secure a male heir
D. disbanded Parliament from 1629-1640
After the arrival of Europeans, the greatest number of Indians died as a result of: A. depression B. starvation C. battle D. disease E. enslavement
D. disease
All of the following are true of the English Quakers EXCEPT that they: A.were pacifists B. refused to take oaths C. suffered great persecution D. followed charismatic preachers E. counted William Penn among their number
D. followed charismatic preachers
After defeating the native forces at Veracruz, Cortés: A. ordered all the defeated people to worship him as a god B. instructed all the defeated people to move out of the area C. insisted that all female prisoners be executed D. invited the warriors to join his advance on the Aztecs E. received permission from the governor of Cuba to go further
D. invited the warriors to join his advance on the Aztecs
The early settlers of New England differed from those of the Chesapeake by being primarily: A. English B. Protestant C. white D. middle-class E. male
D. middle-class
Dutch sailors, like Sir Francis Drake, were essentially: A. slave traders B. explorers C. missionaries D. pirates E. deep-sea fishermen
D. pirates
During Queen Elizabeth's reign: A. Catholicism again became the official religion B. archbishops and bishops were eliminated in the Church of England C. her subjects gained true religious freedom D. some Calvinists separated from the Church of England E. England became militarily weak and politically unstable
D. some Calvinists separated from the Church of England
The Jamestown colony finally attained a measure of prosperity from: A. land sales B. trade with Indians C. gold discoveries D. tobacco E. trade with Spanish Florida
D. tobacco
The original Spanish settlement of New Mexico: A. sought to Christianize Plains tribes like the Apaches C. ended when Santa Fe was abandoned in 1620 D. was led by Juan de Oñate E. soon had a larger population than Mexico City
D. was led by Juan de Oñate
Cortez was primarily motivated by: A. his commitment to the supremacy of Spain B. a desire to organize encomiendas C. a drive to spread Christianity among native Americans D. his powerful sense of racial superiority E. Aztec gold
E. Aztec gold
Maryland was established in 1634 as a refuge for: A. debtors B. Puritans C. ex-convicts E. English Catholics
E. English Catholics
Which of the following was NOT true of Nathaniel Bacon? A. He embodied many of the frustrations felt by the average Virginian at the time. B. He opposed the economic dominance of the large planters who had the governor's ear. C. He led a revolt of the poor against well-connected and wealthy. D. He has been called the "Torchbearer of the Revolution." E. He had a close relationship with Governor Berkeley.
E. He had a close relationship with Governor Berkeley.
Christopher Columbus first landed in the New World in: A. Venezuela B. Panama C. Jamaica D. Florida E. the Bahamas
E. The Bahamas
The primary objective of the thousands of priests in New Spain was to: A. bless marriages B. establish towns C. educate Spanish colonists D. serve as government officials E. convert the Indians
E. convert the Indians
English merchants in the Carolinas by the early 1700s established a thriving trade with southern Indians for: A. beaver pelts B. fish C. indigo D. corn E. deerskins
E. deerskins
At the time Europeans arrived in North America, Indians: A. had largely died off from contagious diseases B. all spoke dialects of the same language C. were producing tools and weapons of iron D. fed themselves exclusively through farming E. tended to worship spirits in their natural surroundings
E. tended to worship spirits in their natural surroundings
Roger Williams believed: A. that Puritanism was the only suitable religion for Massachusetts B. in the propriety of linking church with the state C. that Indians should be forcibly Christianized D. that compulsory church attendance was an important tenet of the Christian faith E. that it was wrong to confiscate Indian lands
E. that it was wrong to confiscate Indian lands
The English attempt to establish a colony on Roanoke Island resulted in: A. a severe blow to Spanish power B. a permanent English presence in North America C. a severe blow to English power D. the execution of Sir Walter Raleigh E. the disappearance of the colonists
E. the disappearance of the colonists
One outstanding characteristic of Jamestown in its initial years was: A. the high percentage of slaves in its population B. complete freedom of religion C. the influence of women in its government D. the absence of effective leaders E. the high mortality rate among its settlers
E. the high mortality rate among its settlers
In 1492, Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain did all of the following EXCEPT: A. capture Granada, the last Muslim stronghold in Spain B. force Jews to either convert or leave Spain C. sponsor Columbus's first voyage across the Atlantic D. begin to build an overseas empire E. unite Spain and Portugal under one crown
E. unite Spain and Portugal under one crown
All of the following are true of the Pilgrims EXCEPT that they: A. established the Plymouth colony B. based their initial colonial government on the Mayflower Compact C. were Separatists who had abandoned the Church of England D. originally fled to Holland E. were a sect of radical Catholics
E. were a sect of radical Catholics
After 1644, the right to vote in Massachusetts Bay was restricted to those who: A. owned 100 acres of land B. had come in the first voyage from Britain C. were literate and had good moral character D. had been listed as freemen in the original charter E. were members of a Puritan church
E. were members of a Puritan church
