HIST 2010 MindTap Chapter 15 Test: Crucible of Freedom: Civil War, 1861-1865

African Americans accounted for approximately what percentage of the Union army's total enlistment?

10%

In the wake of McClellan's 1862 campaign, Union strategy shifted toward total war and included all of the following components except:

Appealing to Britain and France to mediate a settlement with the Confederacy

Ohio Congressman Convicted June 1863 Calling it a "wicked and cruel war,"_______________ , the Ohio congressman, was recently convicted of treason by a military tribunal. Rather than turn the congressman into a martyr for his cause, President Lincoln has banished the man to the Confederacy, ordering him to be escorted to Tennessee under military guard.

Clement L. Vallandigham

Democrats Endorse a Peace Platform August 1864 Democrats and disloyal Northerners who support the Confederacy, known as _______________ because they strike without warning like that venomous snake, met at the party's convention in Chicago this August. Besides adopting a peace platform, the party chose George McClellan as its presidential candidate. Given the general's record of not fighting the rebels, he is the right man for the job.

Copperheads

The Confederacy's political leadership was challenged by:

Dissent among Confederate leaders, including governors and cabinet members

Lincoln Frees Slaves Across Confederacy September 1862 President Lincoln altered the course of the war today when he issued the _______________ . Effective January 1, 1863, the decree declares slaves to be "forever free" in those areas of the Confederacy still in rebellion. Frederick Douglass has applauded Lincoln's move, announcing, "We shout for joy that we live to record this righteous decree."

Emancipation Proclamation

True or False: In the wake of the Union victory at Gettysburg, Lincoln entertained a Confederate proposal to reach a negotiated peace settlement.

False

True or False: The Confederacy managed to hold out against a much larger enemy, the Union, because it had the diplomatic support of Britain, whose textile industry depended upon Southern cotton.

False

Colored Troops Massacred April 1864 In April, Confederate troops massacred more than 200 colored Union soldiers at _________________ , Tennessee. The Confederates shot down our soldiers as they tried to surrender and reportedly burned some of the men alive. In response to the Confederacy's refusal to treat colored soldiers according to the laws of war, the president has suspended the prisoner exchange program.

Fort Pillow

Lincoln Dedicates Hallowed Ground November 1863 President Lincoln delivered a short but profound speech yesterday at a Pennsylvania battlefield. His _______________ can be found on the editorial page of today's paper, although this editor finds the speech to be a bit dishwatery and trite.

Gettysburg Address

Which of the following statements best characterizes the immediate effects of this 1863 decree?

It abolished slavery only in parts of the Confederacy not controlled by the Union.

Which of the following best describes the state of the Confederate army when the Civil War erupted?

It was nonexistent

Abraham Lincoln ran in 1864 not as a Republican but as the National Union Party candidate, which was a ploy to win the election by appealing to all of the following voters except:

Northern Whigs

"Tardy George" Fails to Take Richmond July 1862 Having taken a month to fight their way through Yorktown's paltry defenses, "Tardy George" McClellan's troops failed to take the Confederate capital of Richmond and were bested by the Confederates in the Seven Days' Battles. McClellan's troops have been driven back to the sea by Lee's rebel forces, signaling the end of the _______________ Campaign. Those who predicted a "Ninety-Day War"—including the editor of this very newspaper—must admit that this looks to be the beginning of a long, bitter war.

Peninsula

In which of the following areas did the Union have a comparative advantage over the Confederacy? Check all that apply.

Population Transportation

President Lincoln's efforts to wage the war were hampered both by ___________ , who criticized him for being too lenient on the South, and by Northern Democrats, who criticized the president for overstepping his authority.

Radical Republicans

Why did the Radical Republicans challenge the renomination of Abraham Lincoln?

Some doubted his commitment to abolition.

The National Woman's Loyal League, another group active during war, is best known for its work gathering petitions for which of the following causes?

The abolition of slavery

Britain Demands Release of Diplomats November 1861 Two Confederate diplomats, John Slidell and James Mason, en route to Europe on a ship known as the ___________________, were intercepted by the Union navy recently and are being detained at Fort Warren in Boston Harbor. Great Britain threatens war if the two are not released, arguing that the United States has violated the men's diplomatic immunity and its sovereign honor.

Trent

True or False: The Union navy never successfully blockaded the South. Smugglers were able to run supplies to the Confederacy throughout the war.

True

True or False: Throughout much of the war, the Confederate army proved to be a worthy adversary because of its troops' high spirits and will to fight.

True

*T/ F The South...* Had a central government that clashed with states over war aims Had a smaller population than its enemy Was hindered by chronic food shortages on the battlefield and the home front Lacked bold and decisive military leadership until late in the war Had a manufacturing economy that sustained its war efforts

True True True False False

*T/F Both Sides...* At first lacked armies large enough to wage war Had problems convincing foreign nations to support their war efforts Experienced internal dissension and opposition to the war Entered the war solely over the issue of slavery Had armies hampered at first by outdated and ineffective weaponry

True True True False False

*T/F The North...* Had a ruling party weakened by internal disagreements Lacked bold and decisive military leadership until late in the war Had a manufacturing economy that sustained its war efforts Had a smaller population than its enemy Was hindered by chronic food shortages on the battlefield and the home front

True True True False False

The Ladies Do Their Part June 1861 Women volunteers have flocked to join the _________________, a recently formed organization that raises funds, purchases and distributes medical supplies, and runs kitchens to feed Union troops. Like thousands of others, these women are a testament that we are engaged in a war that demands the tireless devotion of all.

U.S. Sanitary Commission

Historic Battle at Hampton Roads March 1862 Two ironclad ships recently faced each other at Hampton Roads, Virginia. A newly built Union ship, the Monitor, met the Confederate warship once named the U.S.S. Merrimac, but since renamed the _______________ . After four hours of furious volleys, neither ship proved victorious. But the Union's little "Yankee cheesebox on a raft" showed itself capable of keeping the Confederate warship bottled up at Hampton Roads, which should limit its threat to the Union ships now blockading Virginia's ports.

Virginia

With so many men under arms, the task of managing family farms and businesses often fell to ___________ in the Union.

Women