hist 222 1
Next incarnation of the game that replaced the barn with a base
one old cat
Which of the following was not a change to the rules of baseball implemented in the 1880's
First two foul balls counted as strikes
Restraint imposed by oneself on ones own actions
Self-restraint
First person that charged admission for baseball games
William Cammeyer
Former star pitcher for the Chicago White Stockings who would go on to become a sporting goods magnate; wanted to prove baseball was a uniquely American sport
AG Spalding
Bank clerk and volunteer firefighter who helped form the Knickerbocker baseball club and devised the games first rules
Alexander Joy Cartwright
Considered the frontier to the west of the original colonies settled primarily by Scots-Irish from the borderlands of Britain
Backcountry
An early incarnation of baseball that included bouncing a ball off the side of a barn and allowing another participant to hit it with a stick
Barn ball
Officially called the American Association, it was an early rival of the National League
Beer and Whiskey League
Which of the following stakes horse races was run first
Belmont Stakes
What was a banned sport, according to the "Book of Sports"
Bowling
The Roman name for Scotland and these clubs revolved around racing and track and field
Caledonian clubs
Belief that students would learn better in supervised environments far away from the city and evil temptations
Collegiate way
Portion of John Cox Stevens property in Hoboken, New Jersey, that was donated for use as cricket fields and the NY Yacht club
Elysian Fields
Foot races, quibits, skittles, etc
Folk games
What was the most popular game of Britain's Festive Culture
Football
A revivalist (back to the bible) movement that began in the 1730's that emphasized a closer relationship with god
Great Awakening
Former cricket player who switched to baseball and was one of the best of the early players; was a player-manager for the Cincinnati Red Stockings
Harry Wright
First generation Scottish immigrant who inherited the New York Herald newspaper
James Gordon Bennett
Heir to a steamboat fortune, used his wealth to stage and promote sporting events involving horses, yachts, and people
John Cox Stevens
Recognized by many as the earliest organized baseball club; focused more on the social aspect of the game
Knickerbockers
A game introduced to the New York colony by the Dutch. Mostly resembles the modern game of golf
Kolven
Known as the last black player to compete in the major leagues before the color barrier set in during the late 1880's
Moses Fleetwood Walker
Second half of the 19th century movement that stressed a blanace of physical and spiritual exercise
Muscular Christianity
Activities deemed to be appropriate in Pennsylvania; similar to Puritan lawful sport; was allowed if it benefited the individual through exercise of providing food
Needful Recreation
Colony based on the Puritans
New England
Leader of the Parliamentary forces during the British Civil War
Oliver Cormwell
The idea that sports and athletics are a positive alternative to the more negative aspects of city life
Positive sports ideology
British cultural tradition on the first-born son inheriting the family fortune
Primogeniture
What American school was not founded by the 1730's
Princeton
Which of the following was not a reason John Montgomery Ward and the players union decided to form their own league in 1890
Problems with 1880's rule changes
Laws passed in the colonies to restrict recreation on the Sabbath
Sabbatarian laws
Which of the following was not a trait of 19th century Victorians
fabulous wealth
Wrestling, cock fighting, and bull baiting are examples of
violent games
Allowed clubs to reserve the rights of players for their careers
Reserve clause
One of the earliest superstar players in baseball. Career average of .333 and 3418 hits
Cap Anson
What activity was not a lawful sport in Puritan New England
Cards
The game of Toli was primarily associated with which native tribe
Choctaw
First recognized all salary team in baseball
Cincinnati Red Stockings
Paper Chases were early versions of which sport
Cross Country
Activities allowed by Puritan society which were designed to refresh the mind and body of the participant while being completely disassociated from Britain's Festive Culture
Lawful sport
Committee that decided Abner Doubleday was the inventor of baseball based on the testimony of one man
Mills Commission
How many playgrounds were produced by the Playground movement
over 500
Where was the YMCA founded
England
Movement away from religion and superstition and an embrace of science and reason
Englightenment
John Cox Stevens was associated with all of the following except
Billiards
Benjamin Franklin is most associated with which cultural movement
Enlightenment
Stepped in to oversee the running of track and field events for American Colleges
IC4A- Intercollegiate Association of Amateur Athletes of America
Builds Jerome park, no alcohol, no fixed races, shortens the races
Leonard Jerome
Was an instructor at the YMCA headquarters and believed in the importance of balancing physical and mental conditioning
Luther Halsey Gulick
Colorful player who started his career in Chicago but was famously sold to Boston for $10,000 in 1887
Michael "King" Kelly
Belief that there was commonality between the middle class of the western industrialized world; common themes included evangelical Protestantism, self-restraint, and hard work
Middle class victorianism
The colonies of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvannia
Middle colonies
Which of the following was a requirement for a team to join the National League of Professional Baseball Clubs
New teams must be approved by the existing teams
Which of the following rules of baseball similar to today's game was not employed by the NY Knickerbockers baseball club in the 1840's
Overhand Pitching
Someone unmarried makes fun of the upper class and the married
Pageant of Misrule
A new breed of horse in the colonies that was much smaller than the British thoroughbreds with larger hindquarters bred to race shorter distances of a quarter mile or less
Quarter horses
First major sporting event that received national attention; northern horse Eclipse vs. southern horse Sir Henry
Race of the Century
Recreation that was deemed appropriate by the Victorian middle class including reading newspapers, books, and playing musical instruments
Rational recreation
Why was the Cincinnati club removed from the National League
Refused to stop serving alcohol
Belief during the American Revolution that everything done by the colonists should be separate from Europe
Republicanism
Why did Republicans tend to inhibit sports
Republicans believe a successful republic could not be founded on the idle amusements of the decadent monarchies of Europe
Popular violent sport with no rules in the Backcountry usually contested when there was a real or perceived slights to ones manhood
Rough and Tumble
Which of the following venue would you most likely find members of the Victorian Counterculture
Saloons
As part of the Victorian middle class, there was a separation of sexes
Separate spheres
Subcultures created by the counterculture for those who were interested in specific sports; it was also a place where men can find a surrogate brotherhood
Sporting Fraternities
Games set up by fraternities to showcase their sports and their best competitors
Sporting Spectacles
According to the Puritans, when did the Sabbath begin
Sundown Saturday
Game of stickball played by Native Americans most closely resembling lacrosse
Toli
Once three more bases were added the game was first called four old cat and eventually this; closely resembles the modern game of baseball
Town Ball
Which belief was most associated with Arminianism
Universal redemption
Made up mainly of working class men from the new industrial economy of the 19th century who were no longer taking pride in their work. Immigrants also made up a large part of this group along with members of the upper class. They were rebelling against the restrain of the Victorian middle class in many ways including competitive sports
Victorian Counterculture
Southern colonies
Virginia, Maryland 1600s
First of three stages of development of urban areas in which the edge of town was no more than two miles from the center of the city
Walking City
President of the Chicago White Stockings who formed the National League in 1876
William Hulbert
In which colony would you not find a tavern
they could be found everywhere