HIST 2300 Exam 1 Terms- TTU Crider

George Washington

1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799). S= first president of the United States

Whiskey Rebellion

A 1794 uprising of farmers in Pennsylvania in protest of a whiskey tax enacted by the federal government. S= first test of federal authority in the United States

Tenskwatawa

A Native American religious and political leader of the Shawnee tribe, known as The Prophet; brother of Tecumseh. S= Helped create the "Indian Identity."

Alexander Hamilton

A New York delegate to the Constitutional Convention, a major author of the Federalist papers, and the first Secretary of Treasury of the United States. S=established the first National Bank of the United States.

Baron Friedrich von Steuben

A Prussian military officer who trained the Continental Army. S= turned Washington's army into a professional force that would eventually win Americas Independence.

Maize/Corn

A cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous people in southern Mexico; one of the most important crops grown by the Native Americans. S= essential part of Native American culture.

Battle of Yorktown

A decisive victory by a combined force of the Continental Army lead by George Washington and the French Army Troops. S= the last major battle of the American Revolution

Compromise of 1820

A line dividing the north and the south where slavery was prohibited and allowed, respectively. S= allowed for admission of Missouri as the 24th state.

Stamp Act Congress

A meeting held in New York City consisting of representatives from some of the British colonies in North America. S= first time colonies came together.

Second Continental Congress

A meeting of delegates from the 13 colonies in America that united in the American Revolutionary War. S= issued the Declaration of Independence.

Hartford Convention

A meeting of federalists which resulted in a declaration calling on the Federal Government to supply financial aid to New England's messed up trade economy. S= led to the fall of the Federalist Party.

Yeoman

A middle class agricultural person. S= part motivation for Thomas Jefferson buying the Louisiana Purchase.

Old World Slavery

A more fluid status in which the enslaved could own property and legally marry; their children were not automatically enslaved. S= set the foundation to new world slavery.

Federalists

A political party that was pro-constitution and supported a strong federal government. S= the first ever political party.

Anne Hutchinson

A puritan woman and spiritual advisor who challenged male authority- and indirectly, gender roles- by preaching the both women and men and by questioning Puritan teachings about salvation. S= challenged male authority and gender roles.

Bacon's Rebellion

A rebellion lead by Nathaniel Bacon with backcountry farmers to attack Native Americans in an attempt to gain more land. S= first time a definite devision of race is prevalent.

Puritans

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay. S= laid the foundation of religious, social, and political order in New England colonies.

Canary Islands

A resting place along trade routes. S= first place where plantation system and slavery was tested out.

Market Revolution

A shift from home-based, often agricultural, economy to one based on money and the buying and selling of goods. S= transformed American Business and global trade.

Monroe Doctrine

A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere. S= forbade European interference in the American Hemisphere and asserted US neutrality in future European conflicts.

Articles of Confederation

A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War. S= the first national government of the United States.

Louisiana Purchase

Acquisition of the territory of Louisiana. S= nearly doubled the size of the United States and greatly strengthened the country in materials

Stamp Act

Act of Parliament of Great Britain which imposed a direct tax of all colonial commercial and legal papers, newspapers, and paper. S= caused colonies to get angry and organize together.

Three-Fifths Compromise

Agreement between delegates from the Northern and Southern States at the Constitutional Convention that three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives. S= allowed southern states to count slaves toward representation.

Aaron Burr

American Politician and lawyer; Jefferson's Vice President. S= killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel

Thomas Paine

American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution. S= wrote Common Sense, which lead colonists to support declaring Independence from Great Britain.

Thomas Jefferson

American statesmen, diplomat, lawyer, architect, musician, lawyer, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the 3rd president of the United States. S= wrote the Declaration of Independence and was the first Democratic-Republic President.

Middle Ground

An area in the Great Lakes region that the French and Native Americans shared; where both cultures are able to work together. S= was one of the only peaceful exchanges with native Americans.

Pontiac's Rebellion

An armed conflict between the British Empire and dissatisfied Native Americans following the Seven Years war. S= compelled great Britain to reevaluate their affairs with the natives.

Henry Clay

Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who was a strong supporter of the American System and known as "The Great Compromiser." S= wrote the Compromise of 1820 and created the American System.

Conquistadors

Early-sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru. Led to the decimation of Natives and were the first contact of colonialism. S= the discovery and exploration of the Pacific Ocean.

James Madison

Federalist leader, "Father of the Constitution", and fourth President of the United States. S= wrote the Constitution of the United States.

1619

First Africans arrive in Virginia. S= same as definition

Dolly Madison

First Lady in Madison's presidency, James Madisons wife. S= she was the socialite for her husband to make the connections he needed.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Four internal security laws passed by the US Congress; authorized the President to deport aliens and permitted their arrest, imprisonment, and deportation during wartime. S= reduced free speech rights of citizens during wartime.

Tea Act 1773

Gave the British East India Company the right to ship its tea directly to the colonies without first landing it in England. S= citizens boycotted English Tea; the Boston Tea Party resulted.

Christopher Columbus

Italian explorer who "discovers America" in 1492 when searching for a sea route to the Far East . S= his expedition led to the discovery of the western hemisphere and the creation of the United States.

John Rolfe

Jamestown colony leader who showed that tobacco could be grown successfully in Virginia; he also married Pocahontas. S= showed tobacco could be grown successfully in Americas.

Election of 1800

Jefferson elected; defeats Adams, first peaceful, orderly transfer of power via competitive elections. S= led to the creation of the 12th amendment

Democratic-Republicans

Led by Thomas Jefferson; believed people should have political power, favored strong STATE governments, and strict interpretation of the Constitution.

Common Sense

Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine advocating independence from Great Britain. S= fueled the interest of colonists to support independence from England.

Head-Right system

Referred to a grant of land, usually 50 acres, given to settlers in the 13 colonies. S= helped colonize North America quicker.

Tecumseh

Shawnee chief and warrior who promoted resistance to the expansion of the United States onto Native American lands. S= Created a distinct "Indian Identity"

Hernan Cortes

Spanish conquistador who led the expedition of and conquered the Aztecs. S= claimed Mexico on behalf of Spain.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. S= the first mixing of people and diseases.

Boston Massacre

The first bloodshed of the American Revolution (1770), as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans. S= turning point in Americas pursuit of independence.

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia. S= first colony in the Americas.

Transcontinental Treaty

Treaty signed between the U.S. and Spain. S= settled the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase

Battle of Sartoga

Turning point of revolutionary war; convinced France to join the patriots cause for independence. S= gained military support from France against the British.

Eli Whitney

United States inventor of the mechanical cotton gin; one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution. S= invention of the cotton gin.

New England

Upper most colonies. S= where the Puritans settled and religious great awakening started.

French and Indian War (Seven Years' War)

War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won. S= France no longer had imperial power in North America.

Virginia

Where the first English settlers landed and is known for it's plentiful natural resources such as forests, fish, and agricultural land. S= location of the first permanent settlement in the Americas.

Benjamin Franklin

Writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, publisher, and political philosopher. S= helped draft the Declaration of Independence.

Mercantile System

economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports and minimize the imports for an economy. Promotes imperialism, tariffs, and subsidies on traded goods. S= put limits on what the colonies could produce, further stirring their anger towards the crown.

Proclamation Line of 1763

prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains. S= the first measure of the British that affected the colonies.