HIST ch 21

Which of the following would not be considered a Romantic of the period between 1814 and 1848? A) Count Joseph de Maistre B) Sir Walter Scott C) Theodore Gericault D) Victore Hugo E) Franz Schubert

A) Count Joseph de Maistre

After the revolution of 1830, the July Monarchy A) established liberal institutions but blocked all further significant reforms. B) reimposed the 1815 settlement accepted by Louis XVIII. C) survived until it was overthrown by Louis Napoleon. D) established the Second French Republic. E) lifted all restrictions on artistic production.

A) established liberal institutions but blocked all further significant reforms

A feature of modern nationalism is the belief that A) people acquire their identity from their nation. B) a nation is merely a political construct, with no particular spirit. C) the identity of a people is always mainly cultural and ethnic. D) local and regional loyalties are more important than devotion to the nation. E) religion is not an important factor.

A) people acquire their identity from their nation

The Hungarian revolt of 1848 A) revealed the potential of nationalism to the Habsburg Empire. B) also sought the independence of Croatia and Slovakia. C) could not be repressed without the help of the Prussia. D) continued as a guerrilla war until the creation of the Dual Monarchy in 1867. E) was successful as the various ethnic groups came together to overthrow the emperor.

A) revealed the potential of nationalism to the Habsburg Empire

Which of the following did not support conservatisms? A) Supporters of relaxed gender rules B) Individuals or groups who believed in the organic unity of a society C) Those that rebelled against rationalism and enlightened ideas D) Those that had a strong sense of the past E) Those that valued the priority of family stability

A) supporters of relaxed gender rules

All of the following are true of the Frankfurt Assembly except A) the Assembly successfully united Germany. B) the Assembly was self-appointed, an example of grass-roots nationalism. C) the proposal for a Kleindeutschland was favored over the Grossdeutschland vision. D) its remnants were dispersed by the Prussian army. E) it declared war on Austria.

A) the Assembly successfully united Germany

Which of the following was not a contributory factor to the 1848 revolutions? A) The publication of the Communist Manifesto B) Increasingly restrictive access to village commons and forests C) Increasing competition to the guild system D) The inability or unwillingness of governments to deal with worsening urban crowding, disease, and unsanitary conditions E) Pressure from a population growth and limited resources to support it

A) the publication of the Communist Manifesto

Which of the following statements is correct in reference to the Corn Laws? A) The repeal of the Corn Laws demonstrated the extent to which organized groups could bring change. B) The government used troops to put down public demonstrations. C) The actions of parliament caused massive hunger and famine. D) The Anti-Corn League's goals were higher tariffs. E) Manufacturers wanted higher prices for imports to avoid having to pay more taxes.

A) the repeal of the Corn Laws demonstrated the extent to which organized groups could bring change

As an extreme conservationist, the ultra royalist Count Joseph de Maiste did not propose which of the following? A) The separation of church and state B) Monarchies ruled by divine law C) Only the church and the state could prevent humans falling into evil ways D) The sterner the government the safer was society E) The death penalty should be used to keep people loyal to throne and altar

A) the separation of church and state

The Congress of Vienna attempted to reconstruct Europe after the Napoleonic War according to A) "legitimacy and compensation;" the principle was scrupulously followed. B) "legitimacy and compensation;" the principle was not consistently followed. C) the Christian principles of the Holy Alliance. D) Austrian supremacy. E) military power of both Prussia and Great Britain as watch dogs.

B) "legitimacy and compensation;" the principle was not consistently followed

Which was the first country to adopt universal male suffrage? A) The United States B) France C) Great Britain D) Sweden E) Greece

B) France

Discontent in England between 1815 and 1848 A) caused a major revolution. B) centered on economic problems and the composition of Parliament. C) resulted in the abdication of the king. D) led to the dissolution of Parliament. E) was the result of labor organizations demanding better working and living conditions.

B) centered on economic problems and the composition of Parliament

In the mid-nineteenth century, communism A) was equivalent to socialism. B) differed from socialism as to the means by which a just society would be achieved. C) was a major and immediate threat to capitalism. D) based itself on early Christianity as described in the Acts of the Apostles. E) was labeled as a religious movement to gain supporters.

B) differed from socialism as to the means by which a just society would be achieved

Karl Marx agreed with Hegel that A) a world spirit operates in history. B) history is a dialectical process with a goal. C) history is a gradual unfolding of eternal ideas. D) all of history is class struggle. E) communism and socialism theories were the same and should combine their groups.

B) history is a dialectal process with a goal

The goals of Chartism included all of the following except A) universal male suffrage. B) job security for both skilled and unskilled workers. C) electoral districts with equal populations. D) salaries and abolition of the property qualification for members of Parliament. E) the "people's charter," which called for the abdication of the king.

B) job security for both skilled and unskilled workers

The initial stage of the 1848 revolutions was usually the joining of liberal demands for political reforms with popular demands for social and economic justice. The second was usually A) an immediate and successful military reaction by the authorities. B) lasting social and political peace with continuing demands for economic reform. C) a bitter breakup of the original revolutionary alliance. D) an elimination of traditional social divisions. E) the election of liberal politicians who supported the wealthy

C) a bitter breakup of the original revolutionary alliance

Economic liberalism as espoused by Adam Smith did not include A) economies, free from the fetters of the state. B) economic self interest and the general good were compatible. C) entrepreneurs who sold at high prices sold less, but made more profit. D) supported governments need to prevent monopolies. E) the government and not the market should provide for education, road systems, and a system of justice.

C) entrepreneurs who sold at high prices sold less, but made more profit

The Great Reform Bill of 1832 resulted in A) a full-blown British democracy. B) increased royal control. C) more votes for the upper middle class than for the lower classes. D) a system closely resembling a welfare state. E) the ability of the English government to repress social grievances.

C) more votes for the upper middle class than for the lower classes

After the final defeat of Napoleon, revolutions A) would not return to Europe until the twentieth century. B) no longer plagued France but broke out periodically throughout the rest of the Continent. C) swept through Europe in at least two waves: one in 1830, another in 1848. D) lost their liberal and nationalist character. E) would completely destroy the thrones of Russia and the Ottoman Empire.

C) swept through Europe in at least two waves: one in 1830, another in 1848

Which of the following is not a true statement about the 1848 revolutions? A) The revolutions followed a similar pattern as they spread through Europe. B) Their ideological origins lay largely in late-eighteenth-century revolutions. C) The revolutions, on the whole, were successful. D) The revolutions came after a major population increase and the start of the industrial transformation. E) Revolutions involved workers, artisans, and even members of the middle classes.

C) the revolutions, on the whole, were successful

Territorial agreements at the Congress included all of the following except A) enlargement of Prussia. B) granting Russia part of Poland. C) transferring parts of the Belgian and French coasts to British control. D) joining the Netherlands (Holland) and Belgium. E) stripping Britain of naval out posts and colonies.

C) transferring parts of the Belgian and French coasts to British control

All of the following are true of the Serbs' revolt against Ottoman control except that A) Serbia suffered from ill treatment by the Janissaries. B) the Ottomans had to allow a national assembly and recognize a Serb leader in 1815. C) the Serb leader Milosh Obrenovich was recognized as hereditary ruler of an autonomous Serbia. D) Russia allied with the Ottomans to put down the Serb revolt. E) the Serbs were the first people to revolt successfully against the Ottoman rule.

D) Russia allied with the Ottomans to put down the Serb revolt

The first rupture of the European political order established by the Congress of Vienna was A) the resignation of Metternich in 1848. B) a revolt by the Hungarians in 1848. C) the revolution in France in 1830. D) a military mutiny and provincial uprising in Spain in 1820. E) the result of the abdication of Charles X of Great Britain.

D) a military mutiny and provincial uprising in Spain in 1820

Utopian socialism A) originated with Karl Marx. B) advocated the violent overthrow of the government. C) was responsible for the great success of Robert Owen's commune. D) held that society should be based on cooperation rather than competitive individualism. E) imagined an ideal world.

D) held that society should be based on cooperation rather than competitive individualism

When Louis Napoleon Bonaparte was elected president of France, he A) declined the office because he wanted to be king. B) was immediately overthrown by Bourbon. C) was removed by the Great Powers. D) ruled as president and ultimately as Napoleon III. E) was opposed by the working classes because they feared another Napoleon and the war.

D) ruled as president and ultimately as Napoleon III

Liberals who opposed the ideas of Mills believed in all of the following except A) democracy was a vulgarized despotism. B) the uneducated masses were a danger to the nation. C) property requirement should be part of voting requirements. D) suffrage should be extended to the lower classes. E) despots to garner power might use the lower classes to attack the privileges of the wealthy.

D) suffrage should be extended to the lower classes

Conservatism in the early nineteenth century included the idea that A) the rights of man and the principles of human equality must be preserved. B) divine law guaranteed popular sovereignty. C) romanticism threatened the established order and traditional values. D) the longevity of institutions proved their legitimacy. E) the use of the death penalty successfully discouraged rebellion.

D) the longevity of institutions proved their legitimacy

The ultimate result of the class struggle, according to Marx, would be A) victory for the capitalists. B) total control of society by the state. C) the socialist revolution. D) the withering away of the state. E) the beginning of a new human history.

D) the withering away of the state

In the first half of the nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire A) continued to be a world power with territories in Asia, Europe, and Africa. B) declined because its bureaucracy had fallen into decay and its reform-minded sultan was assassinated. C) suffered from the lawlessness of its once elite military force, the Janissaries. D) was generally tolerant of Jews and Christians. E) All of these

E) all of these

The Concert of Europe A) was indicative of France's international rehabilitation. B) successfully resolved international crises. C) revealed an awareness of a common European destiny. D) eventually included France as one of the five Great Powers E) All of these

E) all of these

The French socialist Louis Blanc believed A) that workers should win control over the state through the ballot box. B) that the state should establish worker-controlled social workshops. C) in the principle, "Let each produce according to his aptitudes and strengths; let each consume according to his need." D) that universal suffrage would allow the common man to seize control of the state. E) All of these

E) all of these

All of the following were features of romanticism except A) a reaction against Enlightenment rationalism. B) an emphasis on emotion and sentiment. C) it lionized Napoleon for his military defeats and ability to overthrow kings and states. D) an interest in the Middle Ages, rustic life, and exotic places. E) an objective analysis of natural phenomena.

E) an objective analysis of natural phenomena

The social class most attracted to liberalism was the A) guild. B) industrial working class. C) nobility. D) peasantry. E) bourgeoisie.

E) bourgeoisie

The Latin American independence movements A) were mostly failures. B) were repressed by Portugal and Spain. C) established monarchies in all the new states. D) were back and militarily supported by the United States. E) set up republics in most of Latin America.

E) set up republics in most of Latin America

The Greek revolt A) unlike that of the Serbs, was a failure. B) did not have the support of the Greek peasants. C) was not supported by public opinion in Europe. D) succeeded in part because of the naval defeat of the Turks Russian fleet. E) was partially fueled by growing nationalism in Europe.

E) was partially fueled by growing nationalism in Europe