Hist ch12-27

What was the "Europe First" policy adopted by the Allied Powers during World War II?

Hitler would be defeated before the Allies mounted an all-out assault on Japan

The target of the first of two atomic bombs dropped on Japan in 1945 was _______________

Hiroshima

Which battle was the decisive turning point in the clash between the Soviet Union and Germany?

Stalingrad

What characteristics did Communist and fascist dictatorships share?

both engaged in state-controlled social engineering projects meant to replace individualism with a unified "people"

In Stalin's Soviet Union, women _______________

could enter the ranks of specialists in industry and science

Why did Stalin call for the mall murder of the kulaks?

he believed that as landowners they would eventually embrace conservative capitalism and become great enemies of socialist progress

In the late 1920s, how did Adolf Hitler shape the Nazi Party's message to appeal to middle-class voters?

he deemphasized the anti-capitalist elements of National Socialism and vowed to fight communism

How did Mussolini build support from big business in Italy?

he left big business to regulate itself and never purged its members

What was the effect of the 1935 Nuremberg Law?

it defined as Jewish anyone having three or more Jewish grandparents

What was the Nazi Party policy of "coordination"?

it forced German society to conform to Nationalist Socialist ideology

According to Hitler's New Order, which European race was considered subhuman along with the Jews?

the Slavic race

Where did Nazi administrators initially gain experience in mass murder?

the murder of Germans with physical and mental disabilities prior to the war

What was the Holocaust?

the systemic effort of the Nazi state to exterminate all European Jews during the Second World War

How did the Nazi Party seek to promote the idea of the Volksgemeinschaft?

they created mass organizations such as the Hitler Youth and held mass rallies to spread Nazi ideology and enlist volunteers

How did the Nazis seek to legitimize their racial policies?

they established research institutes and academics that measured and defined racial differences in order to present prejudice in the guise of enlightened science

What were the duties of the German Einsatzgruppen (Special Task Forces)?

they followed the German army into Central Europe, systematically murdering "undesirables" as they moved from town to town

What problem was faced by most of the underground resistance groups who opposed the Nazis?

they were not well unified, for they had differing political goals

What was Germany's goal in the Battle of Britain?

to gain air supremacy in anticipation of an invasion of Great Britain

As practiced in the 1930s, appeasement was _______________

a British policy that aimed to give Hitler whatever he wanted in order to avoid war

The "cult of the Duce" (leader) promoted the image of Mussolini as _______________

a powerful strongman embodying the best qualities of the Italian people