HIST chapter 19

Which Harvard-educated sociologist called for a talented tenth of educated blacks to develop a new strategy to achieve black equal rights?

W. E. B. Du Bois

In 1894, Ohioan Jacob Coxey made national headlines when he embarked upon what action?

A peaceful march on Washington, D.C.

The new income tax Congress passed in the first year of the Wilson administration affected what proportion of American households?

5%

Why did William Jennings Bryan lose the 1896 election?

A huge fundraising campaign by corporate leaders

Through what means did Wobblies believe they could begin the process that would overthrow American capitalism?

A huge general strike.

How did progressives in the United States enact a federal income tax in 1913 after the Supreme Court rejected it during the 1890s?

By proposing a constitutional amendment that was ratified by the states in 1913.

What statement assesses Woodrow Wilson's orientation toward the African Americans who had supported his candidacy in 1912?

He betrayed them by implementing new discriminatory hiring practices.

How did the experience of women suffragists with the Populists in the 1890s compare with their experience in the Reconstruction period?

In neither period were women suffragists satisfied.

Which statement reflects President Woodrow Wilson's perspective when he took office in 1913?

Industrialization was the source of many social problems.

What was significant about the report issued by the U.S. Commission on Industrial Relations in 1913?

It helped to set a new national agenda for American workers and unions.

Why was the income tax instituted during the presidency of Woodrow Wilson called a progressive tax?

It implemented tax rates that rose progressively along with income levels.

Why did the Supreme Court focus on women's labor rights in the early 1900s, especially in Muller v. Oregon (1908)?

Louis Brandeis wrote a brief that emphasized maternity.

How did the major political parties choose their nominees prior to the introduction of the direct primary around the turn of the century?

Party leaders chose them.

The Woodrow Wilson administration secured passage of the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 to achieve what goal?

Prevent trusts from curbing competition.

Race riots in which city catalyzed the founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909?

Springfield, Illinois

Where did many of the progressive ideas that were ultimately implemented in the United States at the federal level originate?

State governments.

Which piece of legislation specified that labor unions could not be prosecuted for "restraint of trade?"

The Clayton Antitrust Act.

On what grounds did Supreme Court justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. dissent in the case of Lochner v. New York (1905)?

The notion of "freedom of contract" was a "legal fiction."

What development prompted Congress to pass the Pendleton Act of 1883?

The assassination of President James Garfield.

Which factor contributed to the high rates of voter turnout in the presidential elections from 1876 to 1892?

The legacies of the Civil War.

Why did Grover Cleveland arrange a secret deal to purchase gold from a syndicate of bankers led by J. P. Morgan in 1895?

The treasury's gold reserves were dwindling to a dangerous low.

How did Populists view the relationship between farmers and laborers in the United States at the end of the nineteenth century?

They considered farmers and laborers as natural allies.

Why did W. E. B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter meet with other African Americans at Niagara Falls in Canada to discuss racial equality in the United States?

They could not gain entrance into a U.S. hotel.

Why did radical reformer Jacob Coxey of Ohio organize a march on Washington in 1894?

To demand that the government institute public works programs for the unemployed.

What is meant by "waving the bloody shirt" in the context of post-Civil War politics?

Using Civil War issues inappropriately to win over voters.

The Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) through

broadening the definition of an illegal trust.

The state of electoral politics in the United States after Reconstruction was characterized by

high voter turnout and fierce partisan conflict.