Hist135

Evil May Day

(1517) a protest against foreigners living in London. During the reign of King Henry VIII, Londoners resented foreigners, especially the wealthy foreign merchants and bankers. Sporadic attacks on foreigners and rumours abounded that "on May Day next the city would rebel and slay all aliens". The angry mob looted foreigners' houses there and elsewhere in the city, although no one was killed.

Ellisville, MS

A black man, John Hartfield, was lynched in Ellisville, Mississippi on June 26, 1919, in front of 10,000 whites that gathered to watch. He had been accused of raping a white woman, and had been on the run for 10 days in the woods before they caught him. He was caught trying to board a train and was shot. The doctor, A. J. Carter, said he had only 24 hours to live, and a mob planned on lynching him before his death. He apparently confessed to the rape crime. The event had been planned in advance and it was announced in the newspaper, the Jackson Daily News, that he would be killed promptly at 5pm. The lynchers cut off Hartfield's fingers, hung him from a branch, and the crowd shot over 2,000 bullets into his body before one hit the rope and he fell into a fire pit below where he burned. This was in Chapter 8 of the book, Red Summer, which described the lynching as "a county fair, political rally, and public murder rolled into one."

Alexandria (pogroms)

Attacks on Jews in Roman Alexandria, Egypt in 40 C.E. The sole source is Philo of Alexandria, himself a Jew, who witnessed the riots and afterwards led the Jewish delegation to the Roman emperor Caligula, and requested the re-establishment of legal Jewish residence in Alexandria. Philo's writings on the topic are found in two sources: In Flaccum (meaning "Against Flaccus"), which is wholly devoted to the riots, and Legatio ad Gaium (meaning "Embassy to Caligula"), which makes some references to the event in its introduction. IN OUR READINGS: PHILO LEGATIO Greeks rioted against the Jewish people in response to "not honoring the emperor"

Jacquerie

Famous French Riot/Protest occurred in 1358. The peasants against the upper class. Some historians like Jean le Bel and Jean Froissart chose to portray it as the rebellion of barbaric, almost-animal-like, leaderless peasants who sought to destroy the nobility and the Church. In fact, closer examination of the sources by modern historians have made this view problematic, and many prefer to argue that the rebels were neither leaderless nor unrestrained animals. Others question whether these were really "peasant" rebellions at all since there were parallel phenomenon going on in the city of Paris itself.

Hypatia

Female Pagan philosopher from Alexandria, Egypt. She was killed by Christian rioters (in 415 AD?). She was killed by a Christian mob (presumably) because she backed Orestes (Prefect of Alexandria) who clashed with Cyril the Bishop of Alexandria.

Black Death

In Germany there had already been massacres stirred up by local demagogues: the Roettingen "Knight Rindfleisch," the Rintfleisch massacres (1298), and the innkeeper-knight Arnold von Uissigheim König Armleder ("King Leatherarm") of the Armleder massacres (1336-38). As the plague swept across Europe in the mid-14th century, annihilating nearly half the population, Jews were taken as scapegoats, in part because better hygiene among Jewish communities and isolation in the ghettos meant in some places that Jews were less affected. Accusations spread that Jews had caused the disease by deliberately poisoning wells. The first massacres directly related to the plague took place in April 1348 in Toulon, France, where the Jewish quarter was sacked, and forty Jews were murdered in their homes, then in Barcelona. In 1349 massacres and persecution spread across Europe, including the Erfurt massacre (1349), the Basel massacre, massacres in Aragon, and Flanders. 900 Jews were burnt alive on 14 February 1349 in the "Valentine's Day" Strasbourg massacre, where the plague had not yet affected the city.[9] Many hundreds of Jewish communities were destroyed in this period.

WEB DuBois

Member and official of NAACP, early 1990s

Philo

Philo Was a Jewish Leader who represented a large number of a Jewish community in Alexandria city before Roman emperor Caligula in 40 CE. There had been a big anti-Jewish riot in Alexandria and he was part of a delegation to the emperor asking for his support against the rioters as described by Mary Smallwood.

Gaius Caligula

Roman Emperor who made himself into a god. According Philo he was suspicious of the Jews because they did not worship him. Philo wrote that Caligula "regarded the Jews with most special suspicion, as if they were the only persons who cherished wishes opposed to his". The Jews wanted to obtain equal rights. Caligula place a statue of himself in their synagogue, which is not allowed in the religion.

Spartacus

Roman gladiator who broke out of a "gladiatorial school" in Capua south of Rome in 73-71BC and gathered a substantial number of slaves and others around himself, leading his forces for unclear reasons up and down the Italian peninsula for some two years and winning major victories over Roman forces until they were eventually defeated. Important indicator of the slave revolt. 1/3 of the population was enslaved, and this large body of slaves led to paranoia among the masters. The story is changed and manipulated by different groups to make the revolt fit with the group's understanding of historical justice.

red Summer

Summer of 1919. Named such for the extreme racial violence that occurred over the course of it.

Chicago Race Riot

The Chicago Race Riot of 1919 was a major racial conflict that began in Chicago, Illinois on July 27, 1919 and ended on August 3. During the riot, dozens died and hundreds were injured. It is considered the worst of the approximately 25 riots during the Red Summer, so named because of the violence and fatalities across the nation. The combination of prolonged arson, looting, and murder was the worst race rioting in the history of Illinois. Large amounts of ethnic tension existed and were caused by competition among groups with the great migration. The ethnic Irish had been established near factories when African Americans moved into these south side neighborhoods.Post World War I tensions caused frictions between the races, especially in the competitive labor and housing markets. Overcrowding and increased African American militancy by veterans contributed to the visible racial frictions. Also, a combination of ethnic gangs and police neglect strained the racial relationships. According to official reports, the turmoil came to a boil after a young African American was struck by a rock and died at an informally segregated beach. Tensions between groups arose in a melee that blew up into days of unrest

The English Civil War

The English Civil War (1642-1651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") and Royalists ("Cavaliers") in the Kingdom of England over, principally, the manner of its government. The first (1642-46) and second (1648-49) wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third (1649-51) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The war ended with the Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651. The overall outcome of the war was threefold: the trial and execution of Charles I; the exile of his son, Charles II; and the replacement of English monarchy with, at first, the Commonwealth of England (1649-53) and then the Protectorate (1653-59) under Oliver Cromwell's personal rule. The monopoly of the Church of England on Christian worship in England ended with the victors consolidating the established Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland.

Schlamp v. Canales

The case at maryland in early 2000s when a few locals of college park were at a party after the football game and the main character Schlamp thought his phone was stolen and a fight broke out, the cops came and everyone ran and the police found the victim stabbed in the chest. There was no direct evidence that he stabbed the victim and Schlamp was "blacked out" so he has no recollection. He was charged with the common law definition of a riot and appealed his crimes and they were overturned.

Pogrom

a certain term for riot Ex: ancient Alexandria, early 20th century Russia revolutions. A pogrom is a specialized form of riot usually associated with attacks on Jews in Eastern Europe. Understanding pogroms allows us to understand a particular kind of violence in relation to ethnicity and religion. They are usually understood as deriving form deeply entrenched and endemic anti-Semitism. Pogroms cannot be limited to one specific time period, but a specific example of a pogrom occurred in 1919 in the Ukranian town of Dzinkov.

Anti-Jewish Riots of 1391

anti-Jewish riots began in Seville, instigated by Ferrand Martiniz, and soon spread across the country, decimating the Jewish populations of major communities and resulting in mass forced conversions to Catholicism and massacres of those who refused. Some 10,000 Jews are estimated to have been murdered, many more forcibly converted

New Negro

term popularized during the Harlem Renaissance implying a more outspoken advocacy of dignity and a refusal to submit quietly to the practices and laws of Jim Crow racial segregation. The term "New Negro" was made popular by Alain LeRoy Locke.

Jacques Bonhomme

the scornful title given by the nobles to the peasants in the revolt of the derdcefJacquerie in 1358 and adopted by the peasants in subsequent revolts....................................represented "the everyman"

Riot Act

was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain that authorized local authorities declare any group of twelve or more people to be unlawfully assembled, and thus have to disperse or face punitive action.................year-1714 was important because it was used to stop alot of civil disobedience at the time