hist27

a

What attracted most immigrants to Canada in the 1890s? A) Rich agricultural land in the prairies b) Reports of gold deposits around Hudson Bay c) The fur trade d) Industry around Montreal

b

What characterized slave life in the later years of the slave system in Brazil? a) Slaves were increasingly integrated into their master's families. B) Slave resistance in all of its forms intensified. C) The cost of slavery declined rapidly. D) Many free blacks began to argue against emancipation.

d

"Bloody Kansas" in 1854 referred to a) the forced migration of many free blacks into the Kansas territory. b) a violent conflict between settlers and native peoples. c) a large-scale slave revolt. D) confrontations over the status of Kansas as a slave state.

d

After the Mexican-American War ended in 1848, Mexico ceded about what percentage of its territory to the United States? a) 25 percent b) 10 percent c) 80 percent D) 50 percent

d

Between 1850 and 1880, Trinidad and Jamaica experienced large-scale immigration from a) Brazil. b) Great Britain. c) China. D) South Asia.

a

By 1890, what was characteristic of American expansionist efforts? A) They were directed outward, as the frontier was closed. b) They had halted as industry expanded. c) They were restricted to the Caribbean. d) They were primarily aimed at gaining control of China.

d

By the start of the twentieth century, Brazil became the world's largest exporter of a) oil. b) tin and copper. c) cattle. D) coffee.

b

By the turn of the twentieth century, the economies of Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico were characterized by a) declining industrial production. B) the growth of domestic industrial production. c) the inability to provide labor for industrial production. d) lack of domestic capital.

c

Cuba ended slavery in 1886, followed in 1888 by what country? a) Colombia b) Jamaica C) Brazil d) United States

d

How did American industrial workers respond to mass immigration from the 1860s? a) Immigrants were welcomed because they tended to increase wage rates. b) Immigrants were welcomed because they brought European traditions of unionization. c) Immigration led to a decline in cultural and religious traditions among workers. D) Immigration increased racial and religious antagonisms among workers.

c

How did immigration and economic changes affect Buenos Aires by the early twentieth century? a) The city became a backwater as other coastal towns grew. b) Because immigration was restricted, growth was only incremental. C) The city became a cosmopolitan metropolis of over 3.6 million. d) Rapid growth led Argentina to relocate the capital inland.

d

How did the 1883 Law of Barren Lands and other land reforms in Mexico affect the peasantry before 1910? a) Peasants who resisted the land acts became wealthy. b) Peasant share of land ownership rose dramatically. c) Large landowners lost land to small peasant farmers. D) Peasants became less and less likely to own their own land.

c

How did the Conquest of the Desert in Argentina from 1878 to1885 change the Argentine economy? a) Argentina was bankrupted by the conflict. b) Argentina gained control of the port of Montevideo. c) Argentina developed rich ranch and farmland. D) Mapuche Indians came to dominate the coastal economy.

b

How did the different experience of slaves in the independence movements of Haiti and the United States shape other independence movements across the Americas? a) Colonial elites realized that slaves needed to be freed for independence to succeed. B) Colonial elites in societies with large unfree populations supported more gradual independence. c) Colonial elites realized independence could not be obtained in states with large slave populations. d) Colonial elites became determined to end slavery before independence movements began.

d

How was the role of slaves in Spanish-American independence movements different from that in the United States? a) In Spanish America, slaves mostly fought on the side of Spain. b) In Spanish America, slaves mostly sought return to Africa. c) In Spanish America, slaves took advantage of independence movements to move to frontiers. D) In Spanish America, independence movements offered freedom to slaves.

c

How were liberal governments in the Americas related to modernization in the region? a) Liberal governments rejected modernization. b) Liberal governments embraced economic modernization but sought to retain older cultural practices. C) Liberal governments worked hard to modernize all aspects of society. d) Liberal governments were rooted in traditional rural economic and social systems.

c

In 1822 Emperor Pedro I began his rule of a) Cuba. b) Panama. C) Brazil. d) Colombia.

c

In 1920, where was the largest Japanese community in the world outside of Japan? a) The United States b) Mexico C) Brazil d) Argentina

d

In Brazil, what political changes grew out of the conflict with Paraguay? a) The conflict discredited liberalism. b) The conflict strengthened the institution of slavery. c) The conflict strengthened the position of Pedro II. D) The conflict encouraged liberal political reform.

a

In the second half of the nineteenth century, Chile and Peru participated in the global economy through the export of A) bat guano. b) cattle. c) slaves. d) rubber.

c

In what sense did race relations in the northern and western United States after the Civil War parallel race relations across much of Latin America? a) In both places, race relations were largely positive. b) In both places, marriage across racial lines was rare. C) In both places, racial discrimination was primarily informal. d) In both places, "Jim Crow" systems of segregation were in place.

b

In what treaty did Mexico cede Texas to the United States? a) Treaty of Veracruz B) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo c) Treaty of Washington d) Treaty of Mexico City

b

The La Reforma changes to Mexican society in the mid-1850s tended to advance the interests of a) the army. B) liberal leaders. c) conservative landowners. d) the Catholic Church.

a

The U.S. government gave 130 million acres of land to what industry in the nineteenth century? A) The railroad industry b) The oil industry c) The textile industry d) The silver-mining industry

b

The War of the Triple Alliance was fought beginning in 1865 when Paraguay a) was attacked by Brazil. B) declared war on Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. c) attempted to end slavery. d) defeated the combined army of its neighbors.

b

To what did the term manifest destiny refer? a) The growth of democracy in the United States B) The spread of the United States over the continent of North America c) The abolition of slavery in the United States d) The industrialization of the United States

c

What characterized the rule of caudillos in postindependence Spanish America? a) Continued close ties to European power centers b) Growing influence by native peoples over political systems C) The exercise of personal charismatic leadership d) Federal systems of balanced power

d

What did Argentinian political philosopher Juan Bautista Alberdi argue about immigration? a) He argued that freed slaves would make the best citizens. b) He argued that immigrants drained precious national resources. c) He argued that immigrants should only come from Protestant nations. D) He argued that massive immigration would strengthen the country.

d

What did Porfirio Díaz consider to be his first challenge upon assuming the presidency of Mexico in 1876? a) The establishment of a liberal constitution b) Arranging for a peaceful succession c) Expelling the French-installed emperor, Maxmillian D) Attracting foreign investment

d

What did the Emancipation Proclamation accomplish? a) It outlawed slavery throughout the United States. b) It limited slavery, allowing it only in the states that were rebelling. c) It initiated the era of Reconstruction. D) It freed all slaves in the rebellious states.

b

What does the fate of the La Valenciana mine in postindependence Mexico exemplify about the nation's economic development? a) The economy became more dependent of the export of precious metals. B) The economy withered and trade collapsed. c) The economy became stronger and more diversified. d) Investment by the United States was needed to strengthen the economy.

a

What does the sinking of the Maine in Havana reveal about the causes of war? A) War can be triggered by different explanations for the same event. b) Wars are never caused by accidents. c) Wars are caused by violations of international law. d) Wars are seldom popular.

c

What dramatic tactic led Cuban rebels to near independence in the 1890s? a) They attacked the United States directly to trigger American intervention. b) They attempted to assassinate the king of Spain. C) They attacked sugar production. d) They adopted a campaign of passive resistance.

a

What economic and social changes from their earlier colonial condition were characteristic of postindependence states in the Americas around 1900? A) Poverty and marginalization of rural workers continued. b) Indigenous communities became more economically influential. c) Retreat from the global economy produced domestic prosperity. d) Immigration dried up as connections with Europe were broken.

c

What group made up most of the migrants in Latin America between the mid-nineteenth century and early twentieth century? c) Married women b) Political refugees C) Unmarried men d) Skilled artisans

a

What increased economic pressure on indigenous peoples and workers across the Americas in the decades following the American Civil War? A) The strengthening of liberalism in economic systems b) The expansion of slavery c) The reconquest of parts of the Americas by European colonial powers d) Population decline in most areas

c

What percentage of the American population lived in cities by 1900? a) Almost 10 percent b) Almost 30 percent C) Almost 40 percent d) Almost 70 percent

d

What role did wars play in shaping the Americas politically and economically? a) Wars slowed the development of liberal principles. b) Wars led to political tyranny but did produce economic growth. c) Wars were avoided to a large extent in the interest of continuing economic progress. D) Wars shaped the social and economic order across the Americas and concentrated wealth.

a

What strengthened the economy of the United States in the decades following independence? A) Continued integration into the expanding British economy b) Racial homogeneity in the United States c) The lack of regional economic diversity d) Uniformly strong internal markets

d

What two features characterized Mexico's political situation in the decades before the 1850s? a) Stability and domination of the state by one family b) Constant conflict between church and state, and native and settler populations c) Repeated attempts to return to Spanish rule and republicanism D) Regional rebellions and frequent changes of the presidency

a

What two new states did the United States admit in 1845? A) Texas and Florida b) Arizona and New Mexico c) Iowa and Florida d) New Mexico and Texas

a

What united the experience of slaves in Cuba, the United States, and Brazil? A) Slavery persisted in all three nations much longer than elsewhere in the Americas. b) Slavery was especially brutal in all three states. c) All three states attempted to end slavery, but were prevented from doing so by British influence. d) Slave rebellions were very rare in all three nations.

b

What was Abraham Lincoln's view on slavery when he was elected president in 1860? a) He wanted it abolished immediately. B) He wanted to stop its spread in the United States. c) He wanted the federal government to purchase the freedom of all slave women and children. d) He wanted an agreement to gradually end it over a 25-year period.

d

What was significant about the 1823 Monroe Doctrine? a) It clarified America's interest in controlling Canada. b) It identified France as America's most important ally. c) It proclaimed the principle of U.S. noninterference in the affairs of Latin America. D) It proclaimed America's determination to keep European influence out of Latin America.

b

What was the Yaqui Indian experience of the Porfiriato in Mexico from 1876? a) They were able to gain access to the technocratic class. B) They had their land taken by the government. c) They were able to finally attain regional autonomy. d) They benefitted from an end to all slavery in Mexico.

b

What was the dominant ideology in the new nations of the former Spanish Empire in the century after independence? a) Marxism B) Liberalism c) Clericalism d) Republicanism

c

What was the result of the rule of Pedro II on Brazil after 1840? a) Regular nationalistic revolts b) Continued changes in political leadership C) National unity d) Greater independence from European economic influence

a

When slavery was abolished in Cuba in 1886, who replaced Africans in the cane fields? A) Chinese indentured servants b) South Asian free laborers c) Turkish immigrants d) Japanese debtors

b

Who financed and controlled the Panama Canal? a) Panama B) The United States c) Coalition of Latin America d) Mexico

d

Why did many industrial employers in the early twentieth century prefer to hire women? a) Women refused to join unions. b) Women were less likely to be injured on the job. c) Women were more likely than men to emigrate. D) Women's wages were much lower.