HISTORY 121

MESTIZOS

Mestizo is a term traditionally used in Spain, the Philippines, parts of Central America and Latin America which originally meant a person of combined European and Amerindian or Pacific Islander descent, regardless of where the person was born

MANDARINS

A mandarin (Chinese: 官 guān) was a bureaucrat scholar in the government of imperial China and Vietnam. The term is generally applied to the officials appointed through the imperial examination system; it sometimes includes and sometimes excludes the eunuchs also involved in the governance of the two realms.

BATAVIA

Batavia was the name of the capital city of the Dutch East Indies and corresponds to the present-day city of Jakarta. Just as modern Jakarta may refer to either the city itself or to the larger area of the city, with its geographic surroundings, which taken together is one of the provinces of Indonesia, Batavia can refer to the city proper as it existed then, with its various increases over time in urbanized acreage, or can refer to the surrounding hinterland. EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

BENGAL

Bengal is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in Asia, which is located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal 1741

JESUITS IN JAPAN

Christian missionaries arrived with Francis Xavier and the Jesuits in the 1540s and briefly flourished, with over 100,000 converts, including many daimyo in Kyushu. It soon met resistance from the highest office holders of Japan. ... After the Tokugawa shogunate banned Christianity in 1620 it ceased to exist publicly.

DAHOMEY

Dahomey, kingdom in western Africa that flourished in the 18th and 19th centuries in the region that is now southern Benin. According to tradition, at the beginning of the 17th century three brothers vied for the kingdom of Allada, which, like neighbouring Whydah (now Ouidah), had grown rich on the slave trade.

NADIR SHAH

Emperor Nader Shah, the Shah of Persia (1736-47) and the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Persia, invaded the Mughal Empire, eventually attacking Delhi in March 1739. His army had easily defeated the Mughals at the battle at Karnal and would eventually capture the Mughal capital in the aftermath of the battle.

SUFIS

Islam was not the only religion in India contributing the mystical aspects of Sufism. The Bhakti movement also gained respect due mysticism popularity spreading through India. The Bhakti movement was a regional revival of Hinduism linking language, geography, and cultural identities through devotional deity worship.he Qadiriyyah order founded by Abdul Qadir Gilani whose tomb is at Baghdad. It is popular among the Muslims of South India. Baha-ud-Din Naqshband (1318-1389)

ST. ELESBAAN

Kaleb is perhaps the best-documented, if not best-known, King of Axum situated in modern-day Eritrea and North Ethiopia. Procopius of Caesarea calls him "Hellestheaeus", a variant of his throne name Ella Atsbeha or Ella Asbeha

AURANGAZEB

Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad, commonly known by the sobriquet Aurangzeb or by his regnal title Alamgir, was the sixth, and widely considered the last effective Mughal emperor. His reign lasted for 49 years from 1658 until his death in 1707. Wikipedia Born: November 3, 1618, Dahod, India Died: March 3, 1707, Ahmednagar, India Buried: Tomb of Aurangzeb Spouse: Nawab Bai (m. 1638-1691), MORE Parents: Shah Jahan, Mumtaz Mahal Children: Bahadur Shah I, Muhammad Azam Shah, MORE

SHOGUNS AND DAIYMO

Shogun, Daimyo, and Samurai. ... The bakufu carried out the shoguns' orders. The shogun government was largely a feudal military dictatorship. Directly below the shogun were the daimyo who ruled the 250 Han clans that made up the country of Japan.

SIKHISM

Sikhism. A progressive religion well ahead of its time when it was founded over 500 years ago, The Sikh religion today has a following of over 20 million people worldwide and is ranked as the worlds 5th largest religion. Sikhism preaches a message of Devotion and remembrance of God at all times, truthful living, equality.Guru Nanak (1469-1539)

ARAUCANOS

The Araucanos or Mapuches from what is now Chile and western Argentina fiercely resisted both Inca and Spanish attempts to colonize them.

DALAI LAMA

The Dalai Lama is the head monk of Tibetan Buddhism and traditionally has been responsible for the governing of Tibet, until the Chinese government took control in 1959.

BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY

The East India Company, also known as the Honourable East India Company or the British East India Company and informally as John Company, was an English and later British joint-stock company, which was ... Wikipedia Founder: John Watts Founded: December 31, 1600 Ceased operations: June 1, 1874 Headquarters: London, United Kingdom Fate: Dissolved

KANGXI EMPIRE

The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 1654 - 20 December 1722), personal name Aixin- Jueluo Xuanye, was the fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty, the first to be born on Chinese soil south of the Shanhai Pass near Beijing, and the second Qing emperor to rule over that part of China, from 1661 to 1722

MAROONS

The Maroons were escaped slaves. They ran away from their Spanish-owned plantations when the British took the Caribbean island of Jamaica from Spain in 1655.

SIOUX

The Sioux also known as Dakota, are groups of Native American tribes and First Nations peoples in North America. The term can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or to any of the nation's many language dialects.

TREATY OF KUCUK KAYNARKA

The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca Turkish: Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması (also spelled Kuchuk Kainarjæ) was a peace treaty signed on 21 July 1774, in Küçük Kaynarca (today Kaynardzha, Bulgaria) between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire.

CASTE SYSTEM

The caste system divides Hindus into four main categories - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and the Shudras. Many believe that the groups originated from Brahma, the Hindu God of creation. ... Then came the Kshatriyas, or the warriors and rulers, supposedly from his arms.

MARATHAS

he Maratha (IPA: [ˈˈməraʈʰa"]; IAST:Marāṭhā; archaically transliterated as Marhatta or Mahratta) is a group of castes in India found predominantly in the state of Maharashtra. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, "Marathas are people of India, famed in history as yeoman warriors and champions of Hinduism". late 17th century

DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY

he United East India Company or the United East Indian Company, also known as the United East Indies Company, referred to by the British as the Dutch East India Company, or sometimes known as the Dutch ... Wikipedia Founder: Johan van Oldenbarnevelt Founded: March 20, 1602 Headquarters: Amsterdam, Netherlands Ceased operations: December 31, 1799 Predecessor: Voorcompagnie (Compagnie van Verre, Brabantsche Compagnie, Magelhaensche Compagnie) Fate: Dissolved Type of business: Public company

EPISTEMOLOGY

the theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity, and scope. Epistemology is the investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion.