History Chapter 11: Section 2
Hausa
city-states built for protection, kano, dominant trade player
How much gold was exported annually in Africa from A.D. 500-1600?
8 tons
Who was Sonni Ali's successor?
Askia Muhammed
Capital of Ghana
Kumbi Saleh
Who was the greatest ruler of the Mali?
Mansa Musa
Who were the Almoravids?
Muslims of North Africa that launched a campaign to take control of Ghana's trade routes
Where was the Songhai Empire centered?
Niger river
Who starts the Songhai?
Sonni Ali
Who created the Mali empire? How?
Sundiata -- cursed his enemies, won control of the gold trade routes
What was tied to the development of trade?
agriculture
By 100 A.D, settled agricultural villages were expanding. In what areas where they especially?
along the Senegal and Niger rivers and around Lake Chad
What did Sonni Ali do?
built the largest state in west Africa, brough trade routes and wealthy cities under his control, he did not adopt islam and followed tradition religious beliefs
As farming and trade prospered, what developed on the northern edges of the savanna?
cities
What was the first town of Kumbi Saleh like?
dominated by the royal palace, king presided over elaborate ceremonies
What did Mansa Musa do?
expanded boarders westward, pushed northward to conquer many cities, worked to ensure peace and order, converted to Islam, based his system of justice on the Quran, religious freedom
What happened on Mansa Musa's hajj?
forged new diplomatic and economic ties with other muslim states, he brought back scholars, architects, and teachers, Islamic university
What were the two products that dominated the Sahara trade?
gold and salt
Where was gold found? In what form was it found?
in soil along rivers -- gold nuggets, dust, etc.
Where was Ghana located?
in the fertile, broad "V" made by the Niger and Senegal rivers in present day Mali
Mansas
kings of Mali
What happened on Askia Muhammed's pilgrimage? What was a result
made stronger ties with the wider muslim world -- scholars from muslim lands flocked to his court at gao
What was the second town of Kumbi Saleh like?
prosperous Muslim merchants from north of the Sahara lived in lux stone buildings
Benin
rainforest, specializes in brass work
How was the kingdom of Ghana created?
ruler of the Soninke people were able to unite many farming villages
What did people of West Africa trade gold for?
salt
What was the most valuable resource at the time in Africa?
salt
What did Askia Muhammed do?
set up a muslim dynasty, expanded territory, improved government, set up a bureaucracy with separate departments for things, made a pilgrimage, built mosques and opened muslim schools
An amount that is more than needed, excess
surplus
What is Ghana's nickname? Why?
the Land of Gold -- king controlled gold-salt trade routes across West Africa and the two streams of trade met in the marketplaces of Ghana and the king collected taxes on imports and exports
Where was salt abundant?
the Sahara
Who defeated the Almoravids
the mandinka
When the Sahara dried out, where did people go?
the savanna
Where was salt scarce?
the savanna
How did Islam influence Ghana?
they brought their beliefs and people started to follow, introduced their written language, coinage, and business methods, the king employed Muslims as counselors and officials, gradually inc some of their military tech and ideas about govt
Where was the kingdom of Mali centered?
timbuktu and gao
What was the expansion from farming villages to towns due to?
trade
What did they do with their surplus food?
trade for products from other villages
How was Kumbi Saleh set up?
two separate walled towns some six miles apart
Commodity
valuable product
Why was salt so valuable?
very hot and people would sweat away all their sodium in their body, food preservation
What dos Mali mean?
where the king dwells
