history chapter 19 online quizzes, Ch. 18 self check quizzes, history ch. 16 online quizzes

What did it mean to purchase stocks on "margin"?

The investor would pay a small down payment, and the broker would lend the money for the rest of the purchase.

Why were people on the political left unhappy with the New Deal?

They felt it hadn't gone far enough to help the country.

What did many Dust Bowl farmers do when they lost their land to the banks?

They headed west to California.

What were shantytowns?

communities of homeless people who lived on public land

What were "hunger marches"?

protests organized by the Communist Party to demand higher taxes for the wealthy in order to feed the poor

What organization, formed by John L. Lewis, was a result of the Wagner Act?

the Committee for Industrial Organization

What law established the first federal minimum wage and abolished child labor?

the Fair Labor Standards Act

Which piece of First New Deal legislation saved millions of farms from foreclosure?

the Farm Credit Administration

Roosevelt's time in office during which he sent 15 pieces of recovery legislation to Congress came to be known as _______.

the Hundred Days

What Second New Deal program employed 8.5 million people to construct highways, parks, and public buildings?

the Works Progress Administration (WPA)

What was a sit-down strike?

when workers refused to work or leave a factory

What was one of the results of the soaring stock market of 1928?

More and more new and often inexperienced investors were entering the market.

Why did the entertainment industry grow during the Great Depression?

Most people sought an escape from their troubles

What was the result of Roosevelt's spending cuts in 1937?

The country entered a recession.

What was the Bonus Army?

a group of 15,000 veterans who squatted in Washington, D.C., demanding early bonuses

What principle did President Hoover originally cling to as the solution to the nation's economic troubles?

rugged individualism

What was the result of the election of 1936?

Roosevelt won by a historic landslide.

What was the purpose of the series of conferences President Hoover conducted in 1930 in response to the economy?

to convince business leaders to retain workers and maintain wages

Which leftist figure created the Share Our Wealth Society?

Huey Long

What was Roosevelt's primary argument with the Supreme Court?

It consisted of nine men who were in a position to strike down the entire New Deal.

How did the Second New Deal differ from the First?

It focused more on jobs and those who could not work.

How did the government respond to the call for direct relief to families?

It passed the Emergency Relief and Construction Act.

What was a flaw of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, created by President Hoover in 1932?

It was too cautious and did not meet the demands of the failing economy.

Who was the first African American woman to head a federal agency?

Mary McLeod Bethune

What new entertainment medium gained great popularity during the Great Depression?

comic books

The First New Deal consisted of _______.

several pieces of legislation passed in Roosevelt's first three months in office

What was the enduring belief that the Social Security Act created for the first time in American society?

that the government should be responsible for those who cannot work

What piece of legislation from the First New Deal created jobs for young men with the forestry department?

the Civilian Conservation Corps

What rights did the Wagner Act of 1935 extend to workers?

the right to organize and bargain collectively

What is Keynesianism?

the theory that a government must spend heavily during a recession even at the expense of a deficit

What was the purpose of the National Credit Corporation?

to increase the amount of currency in circulation

Which of the following was a root cause of the Great Depression?

uneven distribution of income

How did the economic collapse of 1929 and 1930 affect the average American worker?

By early 1933, more than one-fourth of the workforce was unemployed.

What are "public works"?

government-funded building projects

What caused the Dust Bowl?

A massive drought that turned uncultivated land into dust that blew across hundreds of miles.

What was the result of the margin calls from brokers on October 21, 1929?

A panic ensued and people began to sell their stocks, causing prices to dive.

How did the unification of the German states and the emergence of the German Empire lead to tensions in Europe? A.Several countries feared that Germany would invade them and begin to create alliances. B.Many countries were outraged that Germany had signed an alliance with France. C.Russia began invading neighboring Slavic countries to create its own empire. D.England declared war on Germany for its invasion of France.

A. Several countries feared that Germany would invade them and begin to create alliances.

The crisis in the Balkans represented a clash between which two ideals that were emerging in Europe? A.nationalism and imperialism B.alliances and militarism C.cultural integrity and integration D.socialism and capitalism

A. nationalism and imperialism

Why did Congress pass the Selective Service Act? A.to draft Americans into the armed forces B.to create volunteers to work in factories C.to allow citizens to apply for government jobs D.to enable Americans to conserve national resources

A. to draft Americans into the armed forces

What effect did the war have on women in America? A.Women were allowed to fight overseas for the first time. B.Many took jobs that were traditionally held by men. C.Many stayed at home caring for children. D.Women began to hold elected office and sit on war boards.

B. Many took jobs that were traditionally held by men

The desire to promote one's own country's culture and interests above all other nations is called _______. A.culturalism B.nationalism C.militarism D.imperialism

B. nationalism

What was the purpose of the wartime agencies created in the U.S. during World War I? A.to help forge alliances with neutral countries so that America would have allies B.to foster cooperation between the national war effort and private businesses C.to monitor events in Europe and use this information to direct troop movements D.to convince the American public, including its 8 million German immigrants, to support the war effort

B. to foster cooperation between the national war effort and private businesses

What were the purposes of the Espionage and Sedition Acts? A.to encourage Americans to spy on German-Americans B.to prevent spying and curtail criticism of the government C.to restrict communication between citizens and Europe D.to enhance relations with the Allied forces in Europe

B. to prevent spying and curtail criticism of the government

What caused rapid inflation in the U.S. after the war ended? A.Two million American soldiers entered the workforce, driving down prices because of overproduction. B.Jobs were scarce, and companies that were forced to keep prices low during the war raised them dramatically. C.Women refused to give up their positions in factories, leaving many men jobless. D.War production shut down, allowing companies to compete for natural resources that were previously rationed.

B.Jobs were scarce, and companies that were forced to keep prices low during the war raised them dramatically.

In the 1920 election, Warren G. Harding ran on the platform of _______. A.a new Progressivism B.a return to normalcy C.a chicken in every pot D.economic stimulus proposals

B.a return to normalcy

Where was the Western Front? A.between France and Spain B.between Germany and France C.between Russia and Germany D.between Austria-Hungary and Serbia

B.between Germany and France

During the Red Scare, Americans often linked __________ with radicalism. A.workers B.immigrants C.criminals D.progressives

B.immigrants

What was the result of alliances between European countries against one another? A.France and Russia went to war with one another. B.Germany invaded Poland. C.Countries began to engage in militarism. D.America sought to intervene in European affairs.

C. Countries began to engage in militarism.

What event in 1914 triggered the beginning of World War I? A.the unification of Germany B.the annexation of Bosnia C.the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary D.the creation of the "Black Hand"

C. the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary

What were the European alliances that were triggered when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia? A.Russia and France allied with Serbia against Austria-Hungary and Germany. B.Russia allied with Serbia against France, Germany, and Austria-Hungary. C.Russia allied with Germany and France against Serbia and Austria-Hungary. D.France allied with Bosnia and Russia against Serbia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary.

C. the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary

What was the primary purpose of the War Industries Board? A.to produce war propaganda B.to build a naval fleet C.to coordinate the production of war materials D.to harvest natural resources

C. to coordinate the production of war materials

Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia in 1908 had what effect on the empire's relations with the Slavic people? A.The Slavic population of Austria-Hungary appealed to Russia to invade the country and reunite the Slavic people. B.The Slavic population in Austria-Hungary hailed the action as a triumph for the Slavic people. C.Slavs wanted Austria-Hungary to annex Serbia in order to improve relations with Russia. D.Slavs felt that Austria-Hungary had no intention of giving them independence.

D. Slavs felt that Austria-Hungary had no intention of giving them independence.

Why did England seek to forge alliances with France and Russia? A.because Russia and France had declared war on Austria-Hungary B.because President Wilson encouraged England to regulate European alliances C.because Germany had become a world power and England wanted a closer relationship with it D.because Germany was creating a naval fleet that threatened the British navy

D. because Germany was creating a naval fleet that threatened the British navy

How did America fund the $32 billion war effort? A.by trimming government budgets and cutting staff B.through the sale of gold from the Federal Reserve C.by raising taxes and selling bonds D.by borrowing money from neutral European powers

D. by borrowing money from neutral European powers

What were "victory gardens"? A.flower patches in front of homes that had soldiers serving overseas B.parks where people gathered to hear news of the war C.burial places for the war dead D.gardens in which citizens grew their own vegetables

D. gardens in which citizens grew their own vegetables

What was the final German act that caused the United States to declare war on Germany? A.the sinking of the Lusitania B.the Zimmermann telegram C.the German alliance with Austria-Hungary D.the sinking of six American ships by German submarines

D. the sinking of six American ships by German submarines

What was the purpose of the Committee on Public Information? A.to encourage advertising for American products B.to deliver information on casualties to newspapers C.to encourage Mexicans to migrate to America D.to sell the war effort to Americans

D. to sell the war effort to Americans

What was the Red Scare? A.an outbreak of disease from bad food B.a run on several national banks C.a race riot in Cleveland, Ohio D.a fear of Communists seizing control of America

D.a fear of Communists seizing control of America

How did the Supreme Court react to Roosevelt's court-packing plan?

It began to rule in favor of New Deal legislation.

What was the "Great Migration"? A.the movement of massive numbers of African Americans to the North to take factory jobs B.the movement of troops from American shores to the shores of France C.the massive movement of Americans of German descent back to their homeland D.the movement of herds of cattle and other animals to slaughterhouses for food overseas

A. the movement of massive numbers of African Americans to the North to take factory jobs

What was the Zimmermann telegram? A.the telegram to Mexico from Germany promising to give Mexico land lost to the U.S. if they joined the war B.the telegram sent to the U.S. stating that German U-boat attacks on passenger ships in war zones would continue C.the telegram granting the U.S. certain concessions from the German government D.the telegram from Germany to England stating that Germany had declared war on the U.S.

A. the telegram to Mexico from Germany promising to give Mexico land lost to the U.S. if they joined the war

What event in April 1919 further fueled fears of Communist radicals in America? A.The Postal Service intercepted 30 bombs sent to prominent Americans. B.The Steel Strike resulted in several socialist pamphlets being distributed. C.Attorneys began to file lawsuits challenging capitalist laws. D.Race riots resulted in many African Americans joining the socialist cause.

A.The Postal Service intercepted 30 bombs sent to prominent Americans.

How did the Fuel Administration attempt to conserve coal and oil during the war? A.by instituting Heatless Mondays and creating daylight savings time B.by regulating usage of coal and oil by nonessential factories C.by rationing coal to families and encouraging increased oil production D.by creating an oversight board that regulated individual fuel usage

A.by instituting Heatless Mondays and creating daylight savings time

What were three of the main ideas in Wilson's Fourteen Points? A.free trade and open diplomacy, national self-determination, and the establishment of the League of Nations B.dissolution of the German government, war reparations, and disarmament of the German nation C.a democratic Russia, the illegalization of alliances, and a European Union D.dividing Germany, preventing communism from spreading from Russia, and forgiving German debt

A.free trade and open diplomacy, national self-determination, and the establishment of the League of Nations

General Pershing insisted that American soldiers who entered the war _______. A.remain in American units under American command B.be transferred to France to enter the war more quickly C.be used in the trenches to replace French and British losses D.remain on board their ships until England and France made significant advances

A.remain in American units under American command

5.How did American Admiral William Sims change the war at sea? A.by convincing America to manufacture its own U-boats to counter German attacks B.by creating convoys in which merchant ships and small, maneuverable warships called destroyers traveled together C.by arming merchant ships with torpedoes to protect against German attacks D.by creating a new Department of the Navy and getting funding for new destroyers

B.by creating convoys in which merchant ships and small, maneuverable warships called destroyers traveled together

What was the purpose of the Palmer Raids? A.to investigate corruption B.to seize and deport immigrant anarchists C.to find evidence of bomb production D.to break up unions

B.to seize and deport immigrant anarchists

Why is it believed that Harding won by such a wide margin? A.He promised that he would lead a crusade against communism. B.He ended the Boston Police Strike. C.He promised an end to the reforms that had led to so much strife. D.He promised to enter the League of Nations.

C.He promised an end to the reforms that had led to so much strife.

0.What was the primary reason that the Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles? A.Its terms against Germany were not harsh enough. B.Wilson had not included Republicans in the negotiations. C.It rejected the notion of a League of Nations. D.It was concerned about the German economy.

C.It rejected the notion of a League of Nations.

Why was Roosevelt's view of the role of government so revolutionary when he won the election of 1932?

He insisted that the government must break with tradition and do everything possible to help people.

Why did trench warfare result in such horrific casualties? A.because combatants were forced to use knives and bayonets in order to capture an enemy's position B.because generals were unaware of an enemy's position and often walked into traps C.because artillery and machine guns had made capturing an enemy's position nearly impossible D.because life in the trenches was difficult, with scarce food and a lack of water and medicine

C.because artillery and machine guns had made capturing an enemy's position nearly impossible

What event allowed Germany to sign a treaty with Russia, ending their campaign in the east? A.the defeat of Russian forces in Poland by the German army B.a freak, frigid winter that caused Russians to want to end their war with Germany C.the Russian Revolution and establishment of a Communist state D.Czar Nicolas II's desire to get out of the war and help the Russian people survive

C.the Russian Revolution and establishment of a Communist state

4.How did the arrival of American troops in Europe change the attitude of those fighting the war? A.Allied forces were jealous of the doughboys' desire to fight. B.Hardened German troops welcomed the new challenge. C.Germany was convinced that it would win against the inexperienced soldiers. D.Allied forces were enthusiastic and German forces demoralized.

D.Allied forces were enthusiastic and German forces demoralized.

What result of inflation caused national unrest across the country in 1919? A.The Federal Reserve raised interest rates, leading to a number of bank closures. B.Congress enacted a series of economic policies that were unpopular. C.Unions declined, and wages were driven up. D.Workers began to strike in massive numbers.

D.Workers began to strike in massive numbers.

8.What battle on the Western Front resulted in a massive German retreat? A.the Battle of Cantigny B.the Battle of Château-Thierry C.the Battle of Paris D.the Battle of the Argonne Forest

D.the Battle of the Argonne Forest

What was the New Deal?

Franklin Roosevelt's policies aimed at dealing with the Great Depression

What was one way in which speculation contributed to the stock market crash of 1929?

People continued to purchase on margin, driving up the price of stock artificially.

What was the court-packing plan?

Roosevelt's plan to appoint extra justices to the Supreme Court and force others into retirement

What great literary work depicted the life of a family of "Okies"?

The Grapes of Wrath

Why did the U.S. experience a decline in exports just as the market collapsed?

The Hawley-Smoot Tariff discouraged foreign companies from purchasing American goods.

What happened when Hoover ordered the removal of the Bonus Army?

Veterans were eventually chased from the Capitol by 700 soldiers.

What was a breadline?

a long line of poor people waiting for free food

One positive legacy of the New Deal for American workers was the creation of _______.

a public safety net

Before Roosevelt was inaugurated, there was an increase in bank runs because investors feared he might _______.

abandon the gold standard

When too many people attempt to withdraw their money from a bank in fear that the bank will collapse, it is called a _______.

bank run

Why were investors in a hurry to sell any stock that dropped slightly in price?

because the broker could issue a margin call and demand repayment of their loan

How did President Hoover initially respond to the stock market crash?

by being optimistic and downplaying the severity of the situation

What led to a bull stock market in 1928?

economic prosperity and optimism

What were "Okies"?

farmers from Oklahoma who had lost their land and headed west

Before Roosevelt ran for president, he served as _______.

governor of New York

By 1935, the New Deal was being criticized because it _______.

had not ended the Great Depression

Young men and boys who rode railways from one place to another in search of a better life were called _______.

hoboes

Banks failed in 1929 and 1930 as a result of the market crash because _______.

investors defaulted on loans for stocks, and banks had also invested in the market

What strike led to the dismissal of the entire striking workforce? A.the Boston Police Strike B.the Seattle Strike C.the Coal Miners' Strike D.the Steel Strike

A.the Boston Police Strike

Advancements in technology led to what new theater of battle? A.the air, with dogfights between planes B.sea battles between ships C.gun fights between trenches D.bayonet attacks in trench warfare

A.the air, with dogfights between planes

What was the major cause of the outbreak of race riots during 1919? A.the scarcity of jobs B.the high rate of inflation C.the fact that African Americans had not fought in the war D.the Steel Strike had pitted African American workers against white managers

A.the scarcity of jobs

What group of traditionally Republican voters abandoned that party to vote for Roosevelt in 1936?

African American voters

What was the primary reason Franklin Roosevelt was able to win the presidency so easily?

Americans perceived Hoover's efforts at a recovery as a huge failure.

What was the significance of the Emergency Banking Relief Act?

to monitor banks and issue approval to those that were still sound

What was the purpose of the American Liberty League?

to oppose and publicly attack New Deal policies