History Chapter 22 Multiple Choice

After the opening up of a second front with the success of the Normandy invasion on D-Day, British and American troops inflicted devastating damage upon the Germans, resulting in over 80 percent of German casualties.

False

After the war; most of the women who had held defense jobs and wished to keep them were allowed to by their employers.

False

During the war, the AFL made great strides in helping blacks and was more racially integrated than any union had ever been before.

False

The "zoot suit" riots were between the police of Detroit and the black workers of the city.

False

The Freedom House was a place of refuge for Jews that had escaped the Holocaust.

False

The Good Neighbor Policy was extended primarily toward Canada to lend support in its efforts to aid Britain against German aggression.

False

The dropping of the atomic bombs ended the war against Germany.

False

The majority of the Japanese-Americans who were intended during the war were not actually citizens of the United States.

False

The only people killed during the German Holocaust were the Jewish people.

False

When war broke out in Europe in 1939, the Soviet Union stood virtually alone in fighting Germany.

False

Women working in defense-industry jobs made great strides in achieving equal rights, culminating in the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, granting women's suffrage.

False

After the war, the South remained very poor, relying on agriculture and extractive industries as its main economies.

True

By 1945, support for racial justice had finally taken its place on the liberal-left agenda alongside full employment, civil liberties, and the expansion of the New Deal welfare state.

True

During World War II, the Border Patrol deported about as many Mexicans as had crossed over under the bracero program.

True

Henry Luce, author of The American Century, saw a leadership role for the United States in the postwar world.

True

Japanese propaganda depicted Americans as a self-indulgent people contaminated by ethnic and racial diversity, as opposed to the racially "pure" Japanese.

True

Organized labor entered a three-sided arrangement with government and business that allowed union membership to soar to unprecedented levels.

True

Since the enemy (German and Japan) used racism, racism and nativism had been stripped of intellectual respectability in America, particularly with the publication of Ruth Benedict's Races and Racism.

True

Texas passed the Caucasian Race-Equal Privileges resolution in 1943 in a goodwill effort to help Mexican-Americans.

True

The Bretton Woods meeting established a new international economic system.

True

The largest surrender in American military history occurred in the Philippines, after the Japanese took the island over.

True

The war experience brought many more Native Americans closer to the mainstream of American life.

True

To Roosevelt, the Four Freedoms expressed deeply held American values worthy of being spread worldwide.

True

Who is considered the founder of fascism? a. Benito Mussolini b. Adolf Hitler c. Francisco Franco d. Joseph Stalin e. Hideki Tojo

a. Benito Mussolini

What does Henry Luce see as the cure for America in his book The American Century?: a. For America to exert its influence on the world b. Deficit spending to end the Depression c. Creating a welfare state to fully embrace liberalism d. Entering World War II to aid Great Britain e. Return to a strict policy of isolationism

a. For America to exert its influence on the world

Which group issued its own declaration of war against the Axis Powers? a. The Iroquois b. The Navajo c. The Creek d. The Lakota e. The Apache

a. The Iroquois

In 1940, the "cash and carry" plan: a. allowed Great Britain to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis b. allowed Germany to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis c. allowed Japan to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis d. allowed all belligerents to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis e. was voted down by Congress

a. allowed Great Britain to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis

The program that began in 1942 that allowed experienced Mexican agricultural workers to cross the border to work under government labor contracts was called the: a. bracera program b. Chicano program c. migrant-worker program d. "zoot suit" program e. pueblo program

a. bracera program

Freedom House was an organization that: a. demanded American intervention in the European war b. Jewish refugees could flee to from Europe c. believed the European war was not an American concern d. raised funds for Japanese-Americans to use for legal fees to bring court cases against the United States for unlawful imprisonment e. was located in Chicago an acted as a networking resource for blacks moving there from the South

a. demanded American intervention in the European war

During the war, Americans: a. experienced the rationing of scarce consumer goods such as gasoline b. found fewer consumer goods available by 1944 c. still suffered from high unemployment d. were told that the end of war might bring a return of the Great Depression e. experienced extreme deprivation

a. experienced the rationing of scarce consumer goods such as gasoline

During World War II, American Indians: a. served in the military and worked in war production b. prospered, especially those on reservations c. were eligible for GI Bill benefits only if living on a reservation d. became more isloated within American society e. collaborated with the Japanese

a. served in the military and worked in war production

At Yalta the Big Three met for a summit. It was here that they finally agreed: a. that the Soviet Union would enter the Pacific war b. on the plans for a United Nations c. to use atomic weapons to end the war d. that Churchill would give up the British colonial possessions e. to place top Nazi leaders on trial for war crimes

a. that the Soviet Union would enter the Pacific war

In the United States during World War II: a. unemployment declined, production soared, and income taxes increased b. the economy grew only slightly c. income taxes increased only for the wealthy d. little was done to regulate the economy e. the actual size of the federal government shrank as the New Deal ended

a. unemployment declined, production soared, and income taxes increased

At the Yalta conference in 1945: a. wartime American-Soviet cooperation was at its peak b. Stalin was denied permission to maintain control of the Baltic states c. Churchill agreed to end British colonial control of India d. Stalin agreed to enter the war against the Japanese immediately e. no plans were made regarding Poland

a. wartime American-Soviet cooperation was at its peak

What was the "final solution"? a. The Allied operation for D-Day b. Adolf Hitler's plan to mass-exterminate "undesirable" peoples c. The United States' plan for the atomic bomb to be dropped on Japan d. Japan's plan to attack Pearl Harbor e. Joseph Stalin's plan to spread communism throughout the world

b. Adolf Hitler's plan to mass-exterminate "undesirable" peoples

According to Gunnar Myrdal, America's dilemma was a conflict between: a. America's rhetoric at home and its foreign policy abroad b. American values and American racial policies c. American business ethos and American labor unions d. America's isolationism and Germany's aggression e. American liberalism and American conservation

b. American values and American racial policies

Which work offered an intellectual justification for opponents of active government, laying the foundation for the rise of modern conservatism? a. Henry Luce's The American Century b. Friedrich Hayek's The Road to Serfdom c. Wendell Willkie's One World d. Gunnar Myrdal's An American Dilemma e. Ruth Benedict's Races and Racism

b. Friedrich Hayek's The Road to Serfdom

Many Americans were convince by ____________that a policy of isolationism was necessary. a. the Atlantic Charter b. Senator Gerald Nye's report c. FDR's Four Freedoms speech d. the Battle of Britain e. the attack on Pearl Harbor

b. Senator Gerald Nye's report

After a bitter civil war, Francisco Franco established in 1939 a fascist government in: a. Italy b. Spain c. Bulgaria d. France e. Germany

b. Spain

Organized labor assisted in the war effort by: a. decreasing union membership b. agreeing to a no-strike pledge c. accepting wage cuts d. asking Congress to abolish Social Security e. joining the army

b. agreeing to a no-strike pledge

The 1943 Texas Caucasian Race-Equal Privileges resolution: a. specified that Japanese-Americans interned in that state were not allowed to use the same public accommodations as whites b. allowed Mexicans equal treatment in public accommodations, while still segregating blacks c. stated that German POWs being held in the state could be allowed to enjoy the same public accommodations as whites d. segregated blacks and Mexicans from all public accommodations e. granted equal privileges to all Texans, regardless of race

b. allowed Mexicans equal treatment in public accommodations, while still segregating blacks

The Lend Lease Act: a. authorized military aid to Germany and Japan b. authorized military aid to those fighting against Germany and Japan c. excluded China d. excluded the Soviet Union e. maintained trade relations with Japan

b. authorized military aid to those fighting against Germany and Japan

Henry Luce's The American Century: a. hailed the "century of the common man." b. hailed "free economic enterprise" c. described the advances made by African-Americans d. described the advances made by women e. urged Americans to return to a state of isolationism

b. hailed "free economic enterprise"

The GI Bill of Rights: a. was very limited in scope b. included scholarships for education for veterans c. extended benefits to very few veterans d. did not include health insurance e. was unavailable for African-American veterans

b. included scholarships for education for veterans

Women working in defense industries during the war: a. were viewed as permanent workers after the war, so long as they did a good job b. made up one-third of the West Coast workers in aircraft manufacturing and ship building c. had little impact on the war effort d. were small in number, as most women took clerical work or joined the military service as nurses e. were all young, single women who left their jobs once they got married

b. made up one-third of the West Coast workers in aircraft manufacturing and ship building

As fascism rose in Europe and Asia during the 1930s, most Americans: a. supported U.S. intervention b. supported U.S. neutrality c. wanted to move beyond isolationism d. remained ambivalent e. favored an end to international trade

b. supported U.S. neutrality

In Korematsu v. the United States, the Supreme Court: a. deemed Japanese internment unconstitutional b. upheld the legality of Japanese internment c. deemed loyalty oaths constitutional d. barred Japanese-Americans from serving in the U.S. military e. apologized for Japanese internment

b. upheld the legality of Japanese internment

The National Resources Planning Board: a. urged the curtailment of Social Security b. urged the expansion of the welfare state c. urged the discontinuation of Keynesian spending in peacetime d. urged less government spending in general e. had the full support of Congress

b. urged the expansion of the welfare state

The Fair Employment Practices Commission: a. applied only to Mexican immigrants working in war production b. was the first federal agency since Reconstruction to advocate equal opportunity for blacks c. fined those employers who discriminated against blacks d. was criticized by the black press e. was administered by A. Philip Randolph

b. was the first federal agency since Reconstruction to advocate equal opportunity for blacks

The Holocaust: a. was the spread of contagious disease in Asia b. was the mass extermination of millions of Jews and others in Nazi death camps c. included the dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan d. is the equivalent of D-Day e. was the mass slaughter of the Chinese during the Japanese invasion

b. was the mass extermination of millions of Jews and others in Nazi death camps

Men like Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and Father Coughlin were members of the: a. America Now! committee, an interventionist group b. Anti-Semitism Society, a group that blamed the Jews for the war c. America First committee, an isolationist group d. Lend-Lease League, a group that supported technology for the war e. Free Paris Society, a group that advocated the liberation of Paris

c. America First committee, an isolationist group

Under the bracero program: a. Mexican immigrants were denied entry to the United States b. Mexican immigrants were eligible for citizenship c. Mexicans were encouraged to immigrate, but they were denied the right of citizenship d. Indians were encouraged to leave their reservations e. marriages between Mexicans and Americans were banned

c. Mexicans were encouraged to immigrate, but they were denied the right of citizenship

What did Henry Luce and Henry Wallace have in common? a. They both believed that the United States should assume an isolationist policy, leading by example, not by action b. They were both liberals in their political beliefs and strongly supported the New Deal, which they believed should be spread to the rest of the world c. They both put forth a new conception of America's role in the world based in part on internationalism and on the idea that the American experience should serve as a model for all other nations d. They both believed that the best course of action for the United States after the war was fiscal conservative policies, including high tariffs and domestic taxes e. They were both working for the Office of War Information in promoting, through books, the positions held by the group America First

c. They both put forth a new conception of America's role in the world based in part on internationalism and on the idea that the American experience should serve as a model for all other nations

For most women workers, World War II: a. had little impact b. permanently changed the way employers viewed them c. allowed them to make temporary gains d. permanently changed the way unions viewed them e. did not increase employment rates, especially for married women

c. allowed them to make temporary gains

Government propaganda and war films portrayed the Japanese as: a. blameless victims of their own government b. similar to the Germans and Italians c. bestial and subhuman d. freedom fighters e. communists

c. bestial and subhuman

The Four Freedoms Show toured the country to persuade Americans to: a. vote for Franklin Roosevelt's third term in 1940 b. enter the European war c. buy war bonds d. oppose U.S. involvement in World War II e. support the Good Neighbor Policy

c. buy war bonds

The Atlantic Charter: a. was made between Stalin and Hitler b. outlawed submarine warfare c. endorsed the freedoms from want and fear d. established the World Bank and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) e. established the United Nations

c. endorsed the freedoms from want and fear

The Economic Bill of Rights was: a. passed by Congress at the urging of the president b. intended to give African-Americans full economic rights c. not passed by Congress d. suggested by Harry Truman e. intended to give women full economic rights

c. not passed by Congress

A. Philip Randolph: a. was instrumental in getting the GI Bill of Rights passed b. fought for the release of the Japanese-Americans c. pressured FDR into issuing Executive Order 8802 d. was the first black captain in the U.S. army e. led a group of workers in the CIO in a strike against U.S. Steel

c. pressured FDR into issuing Executive Order 8802

The dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki: a. had little impact on the course of the war b. affected military installations but harmed few civilians c. remains controversial in the United States and the world d. provoked a Soviet attack on Japan e. happened without the knowledge of President Truman

c. remains controversial in the United States and the world

December 7, 1941, is known as a "date that will live in infamy," referring to: a. the German invasion of Poland b. the Japanese assault on Indochina c. the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor d. the German declaration of war against the United States e. Jeannette Rankin's vote against a declaration of war

c. the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

During the 1930s, the Good Neighbor Policy: a. included the renewal of the Platt Amendment b. maintained the right of American military intervention in Latin America c. was a foreign policy based on the recognition of the autonomy of Latin America d. was a foreign policy that assisted in democratic revolutions e. included a continued U.S. military presence in Haiti and Nicaragua

c. was a foreign policy based on the recognition of the autonomy of Latin America

The Four Freedoms: a. was a campaign slogan of the Republicans b. were the war aims of Nazi Germany c. were President Roosevelt's statement of the Allied war aims d. included the freedom to join the Communist Party e. did not apply to Jehovah's Witnesses

c. were President Roosevelt's statement of the Allied war aims

After the United States entered World War II: a. Americans saw little military action for the first few months of 1942 b. Americans immediately won several key battles c. it maintained control of the Philippines d. Americans experienced a series of military losses e. no Americans were taken prisoner by the Japanese

d. Americans experienced a series of military losses

The 1944 conference at Dumbarton Oaks established the: a. World Bank b. International Monetary Fund c. League of Nations d. United Nations e. right of independence for India

d. United Nations

Which area of the United States witnessed the greatest growth during the war? a. Northeast b. Midwest c. Southwest d. West Coast e. Southeast

d. West Coast

France and Britain's policy toward Germany of giving concessions in hopes of avoiding war was called: a. isolationism b. detente c. internationalism d. appeasement e. provocation

d. appeasement

Executive Order 9066: a. was overturned by the Supreme Court b. authorized the internment of German-Americans c. authorized the internment of Italian-Americans d. authorized the internment of Japanese-Americans e. exempted all those who were technically American citizens

d. authorized the internment of Japanese-Americans

Black internationalism during World War II: a. was a new movement with no historical antecedents b. was a complete rejection of Marcus Garvey's political ideals c. was rejected by W.E.B. Du Bois d. connected the plight of black Americans to that of people of color worldwide e. supported colonial rule if it followed the principles of the New Deal

d. connected the plight of black Americans to that of people of color worldwide

FDR's Four Freedoms include all of the following EXCEPT: a. freedom from want b. freedom of speech c. freedom from fear d. freedom of enterprise e. freedom of religion

d. freedom of enterprise

The "zoot suit" riots of 1943: a. were a series of fashion hows in Hollywood b. involved Mexican immigrants fighting with blacks in Los Angles c. involved autoworkers in Detroit d. highlighted the limits of racial tolerance during World War II e. highlighted the growing acceptance of Mexicans in southern California

d. highlighted the limits of racial tolerance during World War II

World War II: a. led to Japan emerging as a regional power b. led to Germany emerging as a regional power c. led to a strengthened and victorious France d. produced a radical redistribution of world power e. led to the Soviet Union emerging as the dominant world power

d. produced a radical redistribution of world power

"Rosie the Riveter": a. refers to a movie star during the World War II b. was a term applied only to black women workers c. described only single women workers d. refers to Norman Rockwell's image of a female industrial laborer e. refers to a type of industrial machinery

d. refers to Norman Rockwell's image of a female industrial laborer

The double-V campaign was: a. the Allied war efforts in Europe and Asia b. the effort to end discrimination against Mexican immigrants and blacks c. women's struggle for acceptance as industrial workers and mothers d. the effort to end discrimination against blacks while fighting fascism e. not supported by the NAACP

d. the effort to end discrimination against blacks while fighting fascism

In 1940, Franklin Roosevelt: a. decided not to run for a third term b. faced a serious challenge from the Republican candidate Wendell Wilkie c. waited until after his reelection to pass the nation's first peacetime draft law d. won an unprecedented third term as president e. won in a very close election after a contentious campaign

d. won an unprecedented third term as president

"D-Day" refers to the: a. Allied invasion of the Soviet Union b. Allied invasion of Japan c. Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor d. dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan e. Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy

e. Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy

The Good Neighbor Policy was directed at: a. Canada b. Mexico c. Great Britain d. the Soviet Union e. Latin America

e. Latin America

Which statement about the Japanese-American internment is FALSE? a. The press supported the policy of internment almost unanimously b. The Supreme Court refused to intervene c. Japanese-Americans in Hawaii were exempt from the policy d. Japan used it as proof that America was racist toward nonwhite people e. Once their loyalty was proven, they were free to leave

e. Once their loyalty was proven, they were free to leave

The Office of War Information: a. imprisoned isolationists b. cast the war's sole goal as retaliation against the Japanese c. attempted to stir up nationalist hysteria d. was a New Deal program e. used radio, film, and press to give the war an ideological meaning

e. used radio, film, and press to give the war an ideological meaning

During World War II, African-Americans: a. experienced full equality before the law b. witnessed the end of Jim Crow laws c. served in integrated units in the armed forces d. received equal access to the GI Bill of Rights benefits e. witnessed the birth of the modern civil rights movement

e. witnessed the birth of the modern civil rights movement