History Chapter 23

According to some critics, how did the casting of the Cold War as a worldwide struggle between freedom and slavery have unfortunate consequences?

1. It made it difficult to discern legitimate postwar struggles for economic and political freedom from those simply motivated by American interests 2. It suggested that the United States would align itself against postwar colonial independence movements in the name of anticommunism

All of the following statements about the Cold War's impact on American life are true EXCEPT

Cold War military spending weakened the economy

All of teh following statements are true of the Fair Deal EXCEPT:

Congress passed Truman's Fair Deal to raise the standard of living for Americans WHo

Which of the following does NOT accurately depict one of the uses of anticommunism?

Conservative Catholi congregations were investigated for enforcing "principles of communist conformity" among parishioners

In the 1950s. what did the term "totalitarianism" describe?

Fascism, Nazism, and communism

Why did Harry Truman's loyalty review system target homosexuals working for the government?

Homosexuals were considered susceptible to blackmail and thought to be lacking the many qualities necessary to fight communism

How did teh Soviet focus on social and economic rights in the Cold War human rights debate affect American attitudes?

In the climate of anticommunist hysteria, it prompted many Americans to condemn these rights as a first step to socialism

In 1949, Mao Zedong

Led successful communist revolution in China

The Marshall Plan:

Offered economic assistance to noncommunist governments

Why did southern democrats fear losing their position in the Democratic Party following its national convention of 1948?

Party liberals under the leadership of Hubert Humphrey had added a strong civil rights plank on the party platform

The "Iron Curtain"

Separated the free West from the communist East

What did Eleanor Roosevelt do of particular significance several years after the war ended?

She chaired the committee that drafted the United Nation's "Universal Declaration of Human Rights"

After World War II, the only nation that could rival the United States was:

The Soviet Union

How had the political climate changed in the South during World War II in the early Cold War years?

The number of African-Americans in the region that were registered to vote increased sevenfold

Operation Dixie was:

The postwar union campaign in the south

President Truman's civil rights plan called for all of the following except:

reparations

The charges against which of the following organizations led to the downfall of Joseph McCarthy in 1954?

the army

During the Cold War, Americans:

Formed anticommunist groups who pressured public libraries to remove "un-American" books from their shelves

What obstacle did Harry Truman face when he assumed the presidency following the death of Franklin Roosevelt in April 1945?

Harry Truman had absolutely no experience in foreign policy, the most important qualification at this point in American history

Why were American diplomats particularly dismayed that the Soviets had istalled a procommunist government in Poland in 1945?

Stalin had promised Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt at Yalta that he would allow a democratic government in Poland

Which statements best describes what NSC-68 called for?

A permanent military buildup and a global application of containment

In 1948, the Progressive Party

Advocated expanded social welfare programs

The McCarran-Walter Act

Authorized the deportation of communists, including naturalized citizens

The impact of teh Cold War on American culture was:

Especially evident in the movies

The impact of the Cold War on the civil rights movement

Included government action against black leaders

The policy of "containment" can best be desribed as:

Preventing the spread of communism world wide

Who were the "Dixiecrats"?

Southern Democrats who walked out of the 1948 convention to form the "States' Rights Democratic Party"

How did the Freedom Train suggest the meaning of freedom remained controversial?

The Wagner Act, the law guaranteeing workers' right to form unions, was removed from inclusion in the documents display

Why was it unlikely that the Soviet Union was going to embark on a new military campaign in the years following World War II?

The communist nation had suffered more than 20 million casualties, along with immense devastation

Why did nearly 5 million workers walk off their jobs over the course of 1946?

The removal of price controls resulted in a drop in workers' real income

What reason did the Hollywood Ten give for not cooperating with the HUAC hearings?

They felt the hearings were a violation of the First Amendment

How did the balck organizations employ the language of the Cold War?

They noted how the Russians could use racism to damage America's image abroad, given its hypocrisy about the meaning of "freedom" at home

Why did anticommunist Henry Truman veto the McCarran-Walter Act?

Truman had become alarmed at the excesses of the anticommunist crusade

Civil rights initiatives after 1948:

Waned, given widespread American sentiment that any criticism of American society smacked of "disloyalty"

Operation Wetback:

was a military operation that rounded up illegal aliens found in Mexican-American neighborhoods for deportation