History Chapter 4
The New England town meeting
Brought together a town's inhabitants and freemen in an exercise of voting and popular political participation that was unprecedented elsewhere during the seventeenth century
The Indian policy in seventeenth-century Pennsylvania
Involved purchasing Indians' land, respecting their claims, and dealing with them fairly
Anne Hutchinson's emphasis on the "covenant of grace" stirred religious controversy in early Massachusetts because
It was feared she was disrupting the good order of the colony
Puritans in England in the mid-seventeenth century
Won a Civil War Proclaimed England a Puritan republic Ruled the nation from 1649 to 1660
Churches played no role in the civil government of New England communities because
Puritans did not want to emulate the Church of England, which they considered a puppet of the king rather than an independent body that served the Lord.
The Navigation Acts of the 1650s and 1660s were designed to regulate colonial trade in order to
Yield revenues for the crown and English merchants and divert the colonies' trade from England's competitors and enemies
When the English assumed control of New Netherland, they continued the Dutch policy of religious toleration because
the heterogeneity of New Netherland made imposing a uniform religion not only difficult but nearly impossible.
Charles II made William Penn the proprietor of a new colony partly
to rid England of Quakers.
After Massachusetts became a royal colony in 1691, the defining characteristic of Massachusetts citizenship became
wealth
For the most part, the Puritans who settled Massachusetts Bay colony
...
New England Puritanism owed its religious roots to the
...
When King Charles I dissolved Parliament in 1629, many Puritans
...
King Philip's War (1676) left New England settlers with
A large war debt, A devastated frontier, An enduring hatred of Indians
The Halfway Covenant was a
A measure instituted by Puritan leaders in 1662 allowing the unconverted children of visible saints become halfway church members, a measure meant to keep communities as godly as possible
New England's population continued to grow steadily during the seventeenth century primarily due to
A relatively high birthrate coupled with a climate that helped many children survive and live into adulthood.
Roger Williams was
A vocal dissenter in early Massachusetts who challenged the religious and political leadership of the colony's powerful men
Members of the Society of Friends, or Quakers, believed that
God spoke directly to each individual through an "inner light" and that neither a minister nor the Bible was necessary to discover God's word
According to John Winthrop's sermon aboard the Arbella, the Puritans had "entered into a covenant" with God, meaning that they
Had been uniquely chosen to do God's special work of building a holy community as an example to others
The Puritans who founded Massachusetts Bay colony
Had not broken completely with the Church of England and had no use for the Separatist beliefs of some of their fellow Englishmen who earlier had founded the Plymouth colony
King Henry VIII saw in the Protestant Reformation the opportunity to
Make himself the head of the Church of England
The creation of New York led indirectly to the founding of two other middle colonies,
New Jersey and Pennsylvania
Which colony attracted dissenters through the protection of "Liberty of Conscience"?
Rhode Island
Because of the seventeenth-century New England land distribution policy, towns
Tended to consist of centrally located family homes and gardens surrounded by agricultural land
The Puritan doctrine of predestination held that before the creation of the world, God had decided who would achieve salvation,
That nothing one did cold alter one's fate and that very few deserved or would achieve eternal life
Puritans who described themselves as Separatists believed that
The Church of England was beyond redemption and sought to separate themselves from it permanently
The migration to Puritan New England included
a greater number of complete family units than most groups of immigrants in American history.
In 1664, New Netherland
became New York when King Charles II presented it to his brother James, the Duke of York, as part of a larger grant of land.
Puritans viewed Quakers as
dangerous to Puritan doctrines of faith and social order to the point that Puritan officials even executed a few Quakers.
The English monarchs James I and Charles I
enforced conformity to the Church of England.
In the seventeenth century, Puritan churches
experienced a growing number of divisions over issues of doctrine and church government.
English Puritans rejected Catholic rituals and instead emphasized
introspection and a personal relationship with God.
In 1688, the Glorious Revolution in England influenced American colonists to
rise up against royal authority (and the concept of the Dominion of New England) in Massachusetts, New York, and Maryland.
The Quaker maxim "In souls there is no sex" helps explain
the degree to which Quakers allowed women to assume positions of religious leadership in the seventeenth century.