History Chapter 9-15
Charles Grandison Finney considered every person to be which of the following?
A moral free agent
What distinguished the entrepreneurial planters of the Cotton South in the 1840s and 1850s from the upper-class planters of the Old South?
A plain and simple life
What was intensified in the mid-nineteenth century by the social tensions stemming from industrialization?
Anti-Catholic sentiment
How did Abraham Lincoln view secession?
As an illegal act that constituted an insurrection against the Union
How did the federal government respond to abolition between 1836 and 1844?
By blocking debate of antislavery petitions in Congress
How did President John Tyler hope to secure his reelection in 1844?
By running as a Democrat in favor of acquiring both Oregon and Texas
How did the Chesapeake region contribute to the domestic slave trade?
By selling surplus African American slaves to the Cotton South
Why did the discovery of gold in California affect the national debate on slavery?
California sought statehood as a free state in 1850, which would have blocked slavery in the West.
Which type of workers faced the worst working and living conditions in mid-nineteenth-century America?
Day laborers
What was the major cause of death for soldiers serving in the Civil War?
Disease
The early factories that rose in the 1830s relied on what approach to increase productivity?
Division of labor
What helped American textile manufacturers outcompete British textile producers in the domestic market?
Getting protective tariffs from the federal government
What was a reason that President Martin Van Buren refused to annex Texas?
He expected northern opposition to adding a slave state.
Why did Abraham Lincoln reject General Winfield Scott's plan for the war early in 1861?
He found it to be not aggressive enough.
Why did President James K. Polk retreat from his demand for "fifty-four forty or fight"?
He had begun a war with Mexico and wanted to avoid a simultaneous one with Britain.
Why did James Buchanan and other Democrats advocate a separate state in southern California in 1850?
He wanted to extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific Ocean.
What aspect of transcendentalism is seen in Henry David Thoreau's statement, "If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer"?
Individualism
What was a result of General Ulysses S. Grant's campaign in Virginia in the spring and summer of 1864?
It caused severe casualties for both armies but did not end the war.
Why was Maryland a strategic location that Abraham Lincoln was determined to keep in the Union?
It covered the nation's capital on three sides.
How did the domestic slave trade affect slave marriages?
It destroyed about one in every four slave marriages.
hat statement describes the actual change in status of slaves in January 1863 as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation?
It freed only slaves in states still in rebellion and did not change the status of a single slave
What statement characterizes the federal government during the Civil War?
It grew in power and centralized authority.
Why did the free-soil concept achieve significant popular support?
It stressed protection of white economic opportunity.
Which steps did the federal government take in order to wage total war?
It supported the construction of railroads.
Which statement characterizes the gang-labor system of slave labor in the Lower South?
Large work crews supervised by a black driver and a white overseer
Why did the Virginia assembly reject a bill providing for the gradual emancipation and colonization abroad of African Americans in 1831?
Nat Turner's Rebellion had raised the fear of black violence.
What group of northerners was most likely to support the war effort?
Native-born Republicans
The dramatic gain in productivity that occurred in American industry during the Industrial Revolution was due to what combination of factors?
New organizational techniques and new technology
Why did the planter elite of the South face political challenges in the 1840s and 1850s?
New state constitutions opened the franchise, making it more difficult for them to dominate government.
What was the dominant pattern of marriage relationships among the smallholding yeomen of the antebellum South?
Patriarchal, with husbands dominant
Why did African American unity increase in the 1840s and 1850s?
Proposals for the re-enslavement of free blacks brought the community together.
What was a strategy that evangelical abolitionists used to attack slavery beginning in the 1830s?
Publicizing the evils of slavery
Why did the buffalo herds of the northern plains begin to shrink in the 1830s?
Sioux Indians and other plains tribes began to trade buffalo hides with European fur traders.
The national women's rights convention of 1851 declared that which of the following was the cornerstone of the goals of the women's movements?
Suffrage
After losing reelection to the House of Representatives and withdrawing from politics, opposition to what event led Abraham Lincoln to return to politics?
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Opposition to what action led some Democrats to join the Republican Party when it formed in the mid-1850s?
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
In the Dred Scott decision, Chief Justice Taney ruled that which of the following was unconstitutional?
The Missouri Compromise
Why did South Carolina rice planters begin to sell some of their slaves and work the others harder in the 1820s?
The competition from cheap Asian rice cut into their profit margins.
Which statement characterizes the religious practices of African American slaves in the Deep South in the early nineteenth century?
The majority of them worshiped African gods and spirits.
Why did Ralph Waldo Emerson's ideas have the greatest impact on the middle class?
The middle class had already embraced moral perfection and moral free agency
Why did the Fugitive Slave Act prove to be the most controversial part of the Compromise of 1850?
The new law denied people accused of being runaways of fundamental rights
Why did eight southern states walk out of the Democratic Party Convention of April 1860?
The party had refused to include the protection of slavery in the territories in its platform
What connection did John L. O'Sullivan's term "manifest destiny" have to American expansion of the mid-nineteenth century?
The phrase embodied the dreams of American expansionists
After the victory at Gettysburg, what did Abraham Lincoln expect?
The war would continue indefinitely.
What common trait helped spur the growth of the fast-growing western cities of the early and middle 1800s?
Their role as flourishing commercial centers
Why did many African American slaves choose not to run away?
They did not want to leave family and kin.
How did the lives of affluent Americans change in the first half of the nineteenth century?
They formed a separate culture and identity.
Which statement assesses the historical significance of the Shakers, Fourierists, and Oneidians?
They radically questioned sexual norms and class divisions.
Secession came earliest in which states?
Those with the highest concentration of slaves
Between the 1820s and 1860s, on which group of people was urban popular culture based?
Thousands of young rural people who flocked to the city in search of fortune and adventure
In the years leading up to the Civil War, what purpose did African American naming patterns try to serve?
To bolster kinship ties
Why did many Irish immigrate to the United States between 1840 and 1860?
To flee famine and overpopulation
What Union general invaded the South, took and destroyed Atlanta, and carried out a scorched-earth policy in a march to the sea?
William Sherman
What was the point of the ideology of the "separate sphere" promoted in the mid-nineteenth century by men like the evangelical minister Philemon Fowler?
Women should focus on domestic life, not public life
What did women reformers refer to when they spoke about "domestic slavery" in the 1840s?
Women's loss of legal rights in the institution of marriage
What is exemplified by the unions and mutual benefit societies of the early 1800s?
Working-class attempts to gain some control over working conditions
The market revolution that took place in America beginning in the 1820s was prompted by the construction of
a system of canals and roads linking the Atlantic coast states and the trans-Appalachian west
The Mormons differed from other communal experiments in their
emphasis on traditional patriarchal authority.
An interconnected transportation network, the growth of industry along similar patterns, and a similar ethnic composition all were evidence of
increasingly close regional ties between the Northeast and the Midwest.
Women at the Seneca Falls Convention based their Declaration of Sentiments on
the Declaration of Independence
