History Exam 1 (Part 3)

Sir Walter Raleigh

1587 *Selected Roanoke Island as a site for the first English settlement *Returned to England to secure additional supplies, but he found the colony deserted upon his return; it is not known what became of the Roanoke settlers *Raleigh abandoned his attempts to colonize Virginia after the failure at Roanoke *Held back by a lack of financial resources and the war with Spain, English colonization in America was impeded for fifteen years -learned that you can't leave people -Croatoan -"lost colony"

House of Burgesses

1619 - The Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses.

Mayflower Compact

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

Plymouth/William Bradford

He was a signatory to the Mayflower Compact while aboard the Mayflower in 1620. He served as Plymouth Colony Governor, separatist/pilgrims, arrived in December = couldn't plant crops, first Thanksgiving

Indentured Servitude

labor under contract to an employer for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for their transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other necessities. Often used in the late 19th and early 20th century as a replacement of slave labor, but with fairly similar exploitative working conditions. Laborers were often transported thousands of miles and could not easily afford to return home.

Calvert Family

started Maryland to provide a safe place, refuge for Catholics and to make a profit.

John Winthrop

As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world

Powhatan

Chief of the Powhatan Confederacy and father to Pocahontas. At the time of the English settlement of Jamestown in 1607, he was a friend to John Smith and John Rolfe. When Smith was captured by Indians, Powhatan left Smith's fate in the hands of his warriors. His daughter saved John Smith, and the Jamestown colony. Pocahontas and John Rolfe were wed, and there was a time of peace between the Indians and English until Powhatan's death.

American Paradox

Colonial government and slavery start at the same time

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Colony founded in 1630 by John Winthrop, part of the Great Puritan Migration, founded by puritans. Had a theocratic republic. "City upon a hill", moved in family unites, establishes the Northern model of colonies, believe church could be reformed, working classes, towns and conformity

Jamestown (1607)

First permanent English settlement in the New World located in Virginia on the Chesapeake Bay/James River; settled by the Virginia Company of London. *History:* Original settlers suffered from disease (especially malaria), internal strife, & starvation. *Leaders:* *John Smith* - Demanded that "He who does not work, will not eat." *John Rolfe* - Introduced tobacco to the colony. led to dispersed society and labor-intensive, indentured servitude and slaves treated like indentured servants Survived -headright system -arrival of women

Roanoke Island

Island colony founded by Sir Walter Raleigh that mysteriously disappeared in the 1580s, lost colony, Croatoan, learned you can't leave people

Headright System

The Virginia Company's system in which settlers and the family members who came with them each received 50 acres of land

Proprietary Colony

a colony owned and ruled by one person who was chosen by a king or queen, Maryland, Calvert family (Catholics), religious haven for Catholics