History Final
What was the Contract with America?
A 1994 Republican plan to steeply cut federal education, medical, and environmental programs
What triggered the surge of conservation governments in central Europe at the end of World War I?
A worldwide revolutionary upsurge
What was the "final solution"?
Adolf Hitler's plan to mass-exterminate "undesirable" peoples.
"D-Day" refers to the:
Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy.
How did President Bush characterize the toppling of the Taliban regime in Afganistan?
As only the beginning of the war on terror.
How did fundamentalist Christians define freedom in the 1920s?
As voluntary adherence to moral liberty.
How did 1950s consumerism differ from previous eras?
B and C
What did President Obama do in his second term that involved historic enemies of the United States?
B and C
What united the authors Ernest Hemingway and Scott Fitzgerald in the 1920s?
Both were deeply disillusioned with conservative American politics and materialism.
According to Supreme court Justice Louis Brandeis, how could corporations have prevented the Great Depression?
By increasing their workers' wages
How did trickle-down economics claim to increase government tax revenues?
By lowering tax rates.
Who in George H.W. Bush's administration disagreed strongly with Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney about the future of national security after the cold War?
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Colin Powell.
How did President Clinton respond to the Republican victory in the 1994 congressional elections?
He campaigned against radical Republicans and moved toward the center
Why did John F. Kennedy consider civil rights a moral crisis for the nation?
He found racial discrimination incompatible with the United States claim for leader ship of the free world
Why was William Tweed so popular with the city's immigrant poor?
He had provided food, fuel, and patronage to them in exchange for their votes
What did events surrounding the Watergate break-in and cover-up suggest about Richard Nixon
He was willing to condone illegal activity if it would silence his political enemies
Why was it inevitable that the United States and the Soviet Union would eventually come into conflict after the war ended?
Historically, both nations had never shared long-term interest or values
What did the election of Roosevelt mean to many American industrial workers?
Hope for an end to the miniature dictatorships of factory managers and owners.
According to the authors of the Dawes Severalty Act, what constituted a civilized life for Native Americans in the later nineteenth century?
Individual property ownership and farming on family plots
Why were Americans divided over the outbreak of the Great War?
Irish-Americans and Russian Jews resented Allied powers Great Britian and Russia, and some American reformers lobbied against the war in the name of social justice and peace
Why did millions of American farm families migrate westward from 1900 to 1910?
Irrigation technology was successfully implemented in the American Southwest, the availability of free land meant more opportunities for commercial farming in the west
Why was the Glass-Steagall Act a key piece of legislation?
It banned commercial banks from involvement in buying and selling stocks, and set up the FDIC.
In what way was Reconstruction policy a success?
It established an amendment promising equal protection for all
What made the Army-McCarthy hearings unusual for American television programming of the 1950s?
It was deeply political and controversial
Why did the Socialist Party gain significant political influence during the Progressive era?
Jewish and other immigrant labor is across the country supporters its fight against economic exploitation of workers
What were the national Catholic Welfare Council and the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith lobbying for in the 1920s?
Laws prohibiting discrimination against immigrants by employers, colleges, and government agencies.
Why did World War I threaten to tear the women's suffrage movement apart?
Many suffragists had been associated with opposition to American involvement in the war
What about the golden age of capitalism between 1946 and 1960 was most beneficial for Americans?
Most monetary gaians reached ordinary citizens through rising wages
The outcome of the presidential election of 2008 would have been less decisive if:
President Bush's popularity had not suffered from the recession and the war on terror
What did Andrew Johnson focus on with his Reconstruction plan?
Presidential pardons
How did World War I's committee on Public Information (CPI) inspire business in the 1920s?
Public relations departments were established in many firms to counteract bad publicity.
Why were Americans suburbs of the 1950s so heavily segregated?
Residents, brokers, and realtors dealt in contrast and mortgages that barred the sale to non-white residents
Most likely why did the U.S. Supreme Court not order the immediate implementation of its ruling in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954?
Some justices of the court fear the outbreak of widespread violence was such a bold ruling
Why did the African-American civil rights protesters that marched in June 1963 in more than 186 cities NOT try more deliberately to avoid arrest?
Some justices of the court fear the outbreak of widespread violence was such a bold ruling
Why were American diplomats particularly dismayed that the Soviets had installed a pro communist government in Poland in 1945?
Stalin had promised Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt at Yalta that he would allow a democratic government in Poland
How did World War II change the role of corporations in American life?
Technological innovation and high productivity in the war effort restored the reputation of corporations from its Depression lows
When they were arrested, the burglars at the Watergate apartment complex were breaking into:
The Democratic Party headquarters.
Countless corporate scandals and stock frauds stemmed directly from the 1999 repeal of which New Deal measure? a) The Glass-Steagall Act. b) The Federal Communications Act. c) The Securities and Exchange Act. d) The Reconstruction Finance Corporation. e) The Bank Holiday Act.
The Glass-Steagall Act
Why did western territories take longer than eastern territories to achieve statehood?
The Mormon and Latino populations in these areas did not grow rapidly enough to reach the requisite numbers for statehood
How did 1920s immigration policy reflect the concept of "race" in the United States?
The Supreme Court ruled in 1923 that Indian national, Bhagat Singh, was black, not "pure Aryan" as he claimed
why did the Eisenhower administration embrace the doctrine of "massive retaliation"?
The constant threat of mutually assured destruction under the doctrine made for more cautious diplomacy
What were the results of the U.S. invasion of neutral Cambodia in 1970?
The invasion destabilized the nation and ushered in a murderous regime.
Why did the United States drop an atomic bomb on Hiroshima?
The invasion of Japan was certain to cost as many as 250,000 American lives
Why did World War I transform Western civilization so profoundly?
The mass slaughter of World War I was hard to reconcile with the optimist claim that Western civilization was the triumph of reason and human progress
The Hurricane Katrina disaster highlighted which of the following to American in 2005?
The nation and its economic recovery remained dependent on the price of oil
How did Reconstruction leave an enduring legacy?
The nation's first African-American colleges were established.
After the court packing attempt, how did the change in the jurisprudence of the United States Supreme Court affect American life?
The new political climate in the U.S. Supreme Court meant that a federal child labor ban could stand constitutional muster.
Why did the United States allow West Germany to become part of a defensive alliance less than ten years after the defeat of Nazi Germany?
The successful Soviet detonation of a nuclear bomb underlined the importance of military and united the West
How did the women's liberation movement inspire a major expansion of the idea of freedom?
The women's movement took the protest for social justice to the streets
How were skilled workers able to secure new freedoms for themselves in rapidly expanding industries?
Their knowledge allowed them to control the production process and their training of apprentices
What did the member of the new United Nations Security Council all have in common?
They all have suffered the least casualties and financial losses during the war.
What reason did the Hollywood Ten give for not cooperating with the HUAC hearings?
They felt that hearings were a violation of the first amendment
Why did railroad companies and other businesses form "pools" during the American Gilded Age?
They hoped to escape the chaos of market forces by fixing prices with their competitors
Why did businesses support the Pure Food and Drug Act?
They understood that greater public confidence in the quality of the products helped their sales
Why did American policymakers agree to spend billions of dollars on the economic recovery of Europe under Marshall Plan?
They were afraid that if they did not help with recovery, western European nations might fall into the Soviet sphere of influence
What made the U.S. Supreme Court case of Bush v. Gore in 2000 so unusual?
This case was not meant to be a precedent
In 1998, Congress brought impeachment charges against President Clinton because he:
lied about his extramarital affair before the grand jury.
In order to protect U.S. interests, the Carter Doctrine declared that the United States would:
use military force, particularly in the Persian Gulf
Why are the riots in American cities during the 1960s best understood as battles?
Urban blacks saw the predominantly white police force as occupying army
Why was "the city" the focus of progressive politics?
Urban populations experienced the most dramatic growth and most significant changes
What ended the Great Depression?
WWII
How did World War I and the rhetoric of freedom shape the labor movement and workers' expectations?
Wartime rhetoric inspired hopes for social and economic justice
How can Andrew Johnson be compared to Abraham Lincoln?
When making decisions Johnson was less flexible than Lincoln
What did the USA Patriot Act empower law enforcement agencies to do?
Wiretap and spy on citizens without their knowledge
After the Civil War, which territory became the first to allow women to vote?
Wyoming