history final
Why did some Americans blame the second Bank of the United States for the panic of 1819?
It had failed to control state banks.
What did the 1817 Rush-Bagot treaty accomplish?
It limited American and British military buildup.
Who owned almost all railroads in the early days of the industry in the 1850s?
Private corporations
Who was credited for inventing The Telegraph in 1840?
Samuel F.B. Morse (361)
9. Why were formal charges brought against Anne Hutchinson?
She had meetings in her home preaching grace saved. Antinomians
Who was Judith Sargent Murray?
She was a Republican woman from Massachusetts essayist who favored education making women to gain their self-confident and rational beings (265)
What was a critical difference between the women textile workers in Lowell, Massachusetts, and the women shoebinders who worked in Lynn, Massachusetts?
Shoebinders worked from their homes, while textile workers worked together in factories.
What was a key issue during the presidential election of 1796?
Support for either France or England
King James to investigate affairs in the colony.
The 1622 uprising in Virginia prompted
What 1964 legislation was the March instrumental in helping become law?
The 1964 Civil Rights Act
What did the Sedition Act of 1798 do?
The Act made it illegal to defame the president or Congress.
8. What was Roger William's position on the Bible?
It shrouded the word of God in mist and fog.
32. New Netherland
It was owned by the English monarchy and renamed New York, and encouraged the creation of a Quaker colony in Pennsylvania. It originated as a land grant to one or more proprietors who then had the right to rule monarchical.
What was the significance of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?
The resolutions established the idea of nullification. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions put forth the decidedly novel argument that state legislatures have the right to judge the constitutionality of federal laws and even to nullify them. The resolutions made little dent in the Alien and Sedition Acts, but the idea of a state's right to nullify federal law did not disappear (284)
removing stockpiles of gunpowder.
The royal governor of Virginia, Lord Dunmore, responded to the outbreak of excitement over the battles at Lexington and Concord by
Through what institution did bankers exercise great power over the American economy during the market revolution of the nineteenth century?
The second Bank of the United States
Why were Indian tribes in the Ohio Valley hesitant to negotiate with the new federal government in the 1790s?
The tribes did not endorse the Treaty of Fort Stanwix and intended to stand their ground.
How did the election of 1828 change the viewpoints of national politicians?
They began to see the value of political parties.
26. Predestination
They believed in predestination- elect already decided by God
Which of the following was a major disadvantage for slaves who worked in the big house?
They bore the brunt of white frustration and rage.
A few barrels of corn and a suit of clothes
When an indenture expired, what did an employer owe his freed servant?
John Cabot
Who did King Henry VII of England commission to discover a "Northwest Passage" to India?
Many state leaders liked the lack of centralized authority in the confederation government in the late 1770s because they
felt it would prevent the potential tyranny of government
The Court ruled that public schools could not require students to read the Bible nor hear the Bible read as part of official school activities.
abington school district vs schempp
In 1631, the General Court expanded the number of freemen to include
all male church members
To approve or amend the Articles of Confederation required the consent of
all thirteen state delegations and all thirteen state legislatures.
When a loyalist husband fled but his wife stayed in the colonies, she was usually
allowed to keep one-third of her husband s property.
To protest the state's segregation laws, black leaders organized a boycott of Montgomery's ________.
buses
Benjamin Rush and other proponents of the 1790s model of womanhood based on republican ideals helped to legitimize female
education
16. The Stono rebellion demonstrated that a. in the eighteenth century, determined slaves could escape their masters. b. eighteenth-century slaves had no chance of overturning slavery. c. with enough planning and weapons, slaves might be able to overturn slavery. d. the slave regime was lax about discipline.
eighteenth-century slaves had no chance of overturning slavery.
President ________ and Premier __________ agreed to attend a summit meeting in Paris in 1960 to discuss issues of mutual interest. During the summit, news came that an American ________ spy plane had been shot down over the Soviet Union.
eisenhower khrushchev u-2
The Spanish distributed lands to conquistadors through the system of
encomienda.
The Ordinance of 1784
guaranteed self-government and eventual statehood.
The U-2 incident ___________ tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union.
increased
During the eighteenth century, the colonial governments of Connecticut and Massachusetts started selling land to
individuals.
Malcolm X was assassinated by three members of the Nation of ____________.
isalm
The goal of the British strategy in 1777, which began with Burgoyne s capture of Fort Ticonderoga, was to
isolate New England from the rest of the colonies.
By 1789, slavery in Massachusetts had been effectively abolished by
judicial decision.
Justice Warren often said that the judicial system was for ____________. It did not exist to support the current political views or ____________ laws.
justice inequitable
Dr. ________ and Dr. _________ began speaking and organizing peaceful protests in many towns and cities after the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
king abernathy
Tired of fighting the United States, China agreed to end this conflict without a treaty in 1953.
korean war
The _________ Corps sent trained volunteers to provide technical assistance to developing countries.
peace
1. The most important fact about eighteenth-century colonial America is its a. economic underdevelopment. b. shortage of available land. c. phenomenal population growth. d. level of violence.
phenomenal population growth.
California Indians responded to the arrival of Spain's missions and missionaries in California in the 1760s and 1770s by
resisting them.
A shared feature of all the postcolonial state constitutions was the conviction that government should
rest on the consent of the governed.
The Supreme court ruling in Browder v. Gayle struck down Alabama's __________ laws.
segregation
__________ was the de facto situation because of economics and custom.
segregation
Which strategy was NOT used by the Central Intelligence Agency during the Cold War?
sell weapons to leaders combating communism
The __________ -to- __________ March had its desired effect. President Johnson talked to Governor Wallace in a face-to-face meeting to ask the governor not to resist the federal laws.
selma montgomery
In 1953, __________ and the United States signed a treaty guaranteeing continued U.S. support on the Korean Peninsula.
south korea
Society in New Spain was
stratified by race and country of origin
Society in New Spain was
stratified by race and country of origin.
known he was willing to use nuclear weapons to prevent an attack by Red China
taiwan crisis
During the Revolutionary War, many white women expressed their patriotism by
taking on masculine duties at home
By the early sixteenth century, the Portuguese controlled a major commercial empire in
the East Indies.
Dr. King reminded people that the key to change was not violence or hatred, but ___.
love
16. The vast differences of wealth among white southerners engendered a. open hostility. b. armed rebellion. c. only occasional tension. d. cross-racial alliances.
only occasional tension.
On July 20, 1969, Apollo 11 landed safely on _____________.
the moon
The _______ Resolution authorized the President to conduct military operations against North Vietnam.
tonkin gulf
People were killed in riots each year between 1964 and 1967 in _______, a black section of Los Angeles.
watts
In _____________, a black section in __________, people were killed in riots each year between 1964 and 1967.
watts los angeles
How did Martin Van Buren present himself to southern Democrats when he ran for president in 1836?
"A northern man with southern principles"
How did Martin Van Buren "the Little Magician" present himself to southern Democrats when he ran for president in 1836?
"A northern man with southern principles" Partisans of rival candidate John c. Calhoun hoped to discredit Van Buren among southern pro-slavery Democrats by pointing to Van Buren's support of suffrage for New York's propertied blacks at the 1821 state convention on suffrage. Van Buren's supporters countered this by claiming that Van Buren had merely favored retaining the existing stiff property qualifications for the few elite blacks who had always voted in New York, while at the same time eliminating all such obstacles to voting for white men in the state (347)
Most German immigrants to the middle colonies in the eighteenth century came from which economic group?
"Middling folk"
Johnson won the ____ election in a landslide.
1964
The Civil Rights Act of _____ also empowered the Attorney General and the courts to enforce these measures.
1964
The Civil Rights Act of _____ removed some ambiguities that had made other civil rights acts easy to ignore. It empowered the Attorney General and the courts to enforce these measures.
1964
The Voting Rights Act of _____ sought to do away with the literacy test for voting.
1965
Nearly ___ million people were living below the poverty line, especially in the rural South, the Appalachians, and in the inner cities.
30
According to free-labor spokesmen, who could achieve success in America? A. Anyone who worked hard B. Those who had inherited wealth C. Slaveholders D. The college educated
A) Anyone who worked hard.
Why did farmers find that greater agricultural productivity was possible in the Midwest? A. The region had far fewer trees to clear. B. Farmers were free of eastern regulations restricting production. C. Native Americans advised them of farming techniques. D. The region was free from urban pollution.
A) The region had far fewer trees to clear.
How did the election of 1828 change the viewpoints of national politicians? A. They began to see the value of political parties. B. They continued to deplore the existence of parties. C. Most tried to downplay personality politics. D. National politicians shifted their efforts to the state level.
A) They began to see the value of political parties.
How did Mississippi, Indiana, and Illinois address voting rights in their state constitutions when they entered the Union? A. They granted voting rights to all taxpayers. B. The states eschewed all freehold and taxpayer qualifications for voters. C. The constitutions included provisions for literacy tests to determine who could vote. D. They bucked the trend in other states toward greater democratization of voting rights.
A) They granted voting rights to all taxpayers.
How did female employees respond when mill owners increased workloads and lowered wages in the mid-1830s? A. They went on strike. B. They accepted the changes without protest. C. They demonstrated their irreplaceability. D. They sabotaged their machines.
A) They went on strike.
In a transaction called "specie payment," the holder of a banknote could exchange it for A. its equivalent in gold or silver. B. its value in land. C. banknotes from a different bank. D. goods from merchants.
A) its equivalent in gold or silver.
What accounted for the high death rate of newly arrived Africans during their first year in the southern colonies in the eighteenth century?
Disease
What was a result of the political polarization that surrounded Hamilton's economic program, the French Revolution, Haiti, and the Jay Treaty?
Distinct rival political groups began to emerge.
Which of the following describes the New England economy in the eighteenth century?
Diversified and dependent on linkages between remote farms and markets throughout the Atlantic world
Female servants in the middle colonies in the eighteenth century performed what kind of labor?
Domestic tasks such as cooking or washing
American manufacturers specialized in producing items for what market?
Domestic. American manufacturers specialized in producing for the giant domestic market rather than for export. British goods dominated the international market and, on the whole, were cheaper and better than American-made products (361)
The ___ describes President Eisenhower's belief that the communist takeover in China would lead to the fall of governments throughout Asia.
Domino Effect
Select which events happened during the Johnson administration.
During this administration, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were signed into law. Congress passed the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, allowing the President to commit military forces in Vietnam.
Republicans selected General ________ as their 1952 Presidential candidate. His running mate was to be ____________, a Senator from California.
Dwight D. Eisenhower Richard M. Nixon
Why was the space race a contest of technologies?
Each side wanted to convince the other that its missile systems and missile defense technology was superior to the others.
Why was the space race a contest of ideologies?
Each side was trying to convince the world that their economic system, or ideology, was superior.
As Chief Justice, ___________ led the Supreme Court into a new era of prominence and power.
Earl Warren
Why did most immigrants from northern Ireland, Scotland, and northern England leave their home countries for the middle colonies in the eighteenth century?
Economic conditions
Which of the following features was a defining characteristic of eighteenth-century North American colonial society?
Economic expansion
Why did New Englanders generally oppose the declaration of war on Great Britain in 1812?
Economy fueled by sea trade and feared that war would cut off trade with Great Britain
Who did Washington appoint as attorney general?
Edmund Randolph attended the constitutional convention but became an Anti-federalist during the ratification process. His appointment to the post of attorney general demonstrated Washington's commitment to ignoring political divisions within his administration (262)
From what source did James Madison draw as he drafted the Constitution's Bill of Rights in 1789?
Existing state constitutions
Which of the following describes the young congressmen known informally as the War Hawks?
Expansionists who were eager to subdue Native Americans opposing white settlement and ready to declare war on England
What was the major export from the middle colonies in the eighteenth century?
Flour
had been disdainful of and abusive toward American colonial soldiers.
Following the end of the Seven Years' War in 1763, American colonists complained that the British military
had been disdainful of and abusive toward American colonial soldiers.
Following the war, colonists complained that the British military
LBJ was an ardent supporter and admirer of _________, and he believed that much remained to be done to help some Americans share in the prosperity of the times.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Which of the following did free-labor spokesmen in the mid-nineteenth century see as the factor that accounted for economic inequality in the U.S. North and West?
Freedom
What grew dramatically as a result of the emerging railroad industry in the United States in the mid-nineteenth century?
Iron production
What grew five times faster than the population during the decades up to 1860?
Iron production; speeding transportation, railroads propelled the growth of industries especially iron (362)
The United States wanted to protect _________, while at the same time keeping the Middle East free of _________.
Israel Communism
In what ways did the Apollo program fulfill President Kennedy's promise, "We choose to go to the moon in this decade . . ."?
It allowed Americans to reach the moon. It allowed Americans to photograph the dark side of the moon. It allowed Americans to make successful lunar landings. It allowed Americans to orbit the moon. It was the culmination of the Space Race.
What was the significance of separating free Americans from enslaved Americans in the 1790 Census?
It allowed the government to calculate each state's congressional representation based on the Constitution's three-fifths clause.
How did Congress respond to Andrew Jackson's plan for expelling the Indians from American territory east of the Mississippi River?
It backed him and appropriated $500,000 to relocate eastern tribes west of the Mississippi.
How did the British government respond to American trade with the French after the Neutrality Proclamation?
It captured American merchant ships
How did the Embargo Act of 1807 affect the United States?
It closed down American exports, increased unemployment, and reduced government revenues.
Why did some Americans blame the second Bank of the United States for the panic of 1819?
It had failed to control state banks. Americans blamed the panic of 1819 on the second Bank of the United States for failing to control state banks that had suspended specie payments in their eagerness to expand the economic bubble. By mid-1818, when the Bank of the United States called in its loans and insisted that the state banks do likewise, the contracting of the money supply sent tremors throughout the economy (330)
How did the creation of the U.S. Post Office in 1792 aid in stimulating the American economy?
It led to a surge in public and private road building to facilitate the transport of mail.
How did the creation of the U.S. Post Office in 1792 aid in stimulating the American economy?
It led to surge in public and private road building to facilitate the transport of mail
How did immigration shift the ethnic and racial balance in the British North American colonies in the eighteenth century?
It made the British North American colonies less white and less English.
why was france cautious about entering the war?
It meant endorsing a democratic revolution.
Why did France agree so readily to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States?
It needed both money and friendly neutrality from the United States.
Why did the idea of manifest destiny gain support from so many Americans?
It provided a strong ideological justification for Americans' desire to acquire and own more land.
What was the initial result of John Jay's 1794 treaty with England?
It provoked outrage among Americans.
How did the "covenant of works" conflict with Puritan religious beliefs?
It stipulated that a person's behavior could earn a person salvation.
Where did the British keep their initial 4,000 prisoners of war?
Aboard ships near New York
Which future American political leader solidified his reputation at the battle of New Orleans?
Andrew Jackson
Who became a major political voice for critics of the nation's emerging financial system during the 1820s?
Andrew Jackson
Who led the Americans to victory in the Creek War at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in March 1814?
Andrew Jackson
In 1837, large audiences throughout Massachusetts witnessed the astonishing spectacle of two sisters speaking of the evils of slavery...
Angelina Grimke and Sarah Grimke. They were wealthy Southerners from South Carolina, outspoken, moved to Philadelphia and joined the Quakers' Society of Friends (321)
Which founding father argued against the constitution?
Anti-Federalist, George Mason (253)
What did proslavery congressmen hope to suppress with their 1836 "gag rule"?
Antislavery petitions in Congress.
How did agriculture contribute to the panic of 1837? A. Europe's plentiful harvests hurt American competition. B. International cotton prices declined rapidly. C. Southern cotton merchants flooded the market. D. High cotton prices stopped textile production.
B) International cotton prices declined rapidly.
James Madison objected to the proposals in Alexander Hamilton's Report on Public Credit because they profited speculators and A. encouraged spendthrift behavior. B. led to high taxation. C. empowered state governments. D. corrupted the legislature.
B) Led to high taxation.
Why did the Senate reject President Tyler's annexation treaty in 1844? A. Congress opposed the cost of annexation. B. Most senators did not want to expand slavery. C. Most believed that annexation would lead to war. D. Southern senators opposed the treaty.
B) Most senators did not want to expand slavery.
In the northern and western states, discrimination against women and free blacks in the half century after the American Revolution was A. increasingly less common. B. not a source of concern for most white men. C. widely denounced by many white men as unjust. D. a major issue in local political campaigns.
B) Not a source of concern for most white men.
In tandem with the market revolution that began around 1815, lawyers fashioned an American legal system that primarily benefited A. ordinary Americans. B. private investors. C. community values. D. public works.
B) Private investors.
Which policy did Henry Clay include in his "American System" during his 1824 presidential campaign? A. Governmental noninterference in the economy B. Protective tariffs C. High internal taxes D. A smaller military
B) Protective tariffs.
John Jay's 1794 treaty with England A. failed in the Senate. B. provoked outrage among Americans. C. forgave debt Americans owed to the British. D. forced the British to pay for captured ships.
B) Provoked outrage among Americans.
How, according to Charles Grandison Finney, could people usher in an era of Christian perfection? A. Giving up worldly pursuits B. Reaching out to the unsaved C. Following certain religious rituals D. Tolerating the practices of others
B) Reaching out to the unsaved.
Who led Texas rebels to victory over General Santa Anna and the Mexican army at San Jacinto in April 1836? A. James Bowie B. William b. Travis C. Sam Houston D. Davey Crockett
B) Sam Houston
What did the Troy Female Seminary in New York and the Hartford Seminary in Connecticut, the best-known female seminaries of their time, prepare their students to do? A. Attend medical school B. Teach children C. Be good wives and mothers D. Be ministers
B) Teach children
President Polk helped to spark the war with Mexico by ordering American troops to A. Mexico City. B. the Rio Grande. C. the Nueces River. D. Buena Vista.
B) The Rio Grande.
Why did the 1795 Treaty of Greenville cause widespread misery among Indians? A. The government refused to send any treaty goods to the Indians. B. The government often paid its annual allowance in liquor. C. The Indians lost the entire Ohio Territory. D. The treaty introduced guns to the Indian tribes in the region.
B) The government often paid its annual allowance in liquor.
How did President Jackson justify his veto of the Bank of the United States' charter renewal? A. Sophisticated economic theories B. The language of class divisions C. Strict constitutional arguments D. Several Supreme Court precedents
B) The language of class divisions.
How did railroads "break the bonds of nature" in the United States in the mid-nineteenth century?
By providing efficient transportation to cities and towns without canals or navigable rivers
How did redemptioners who came to the middle colonies in the eighteenth century pay for their passage across the Atlantic Ocean?
By selling their labor under contract
the East Indies.
By the early sixteenth century, the Portuguese controlled a major commercial empire in
What did the 1817 Rush-Bagot treaty accomplish? A. It ended the War of 1812 for all the participants. B. The treaty settled American claims to Canada. C. It limited American and British military buildup. D. The new treaty formalized the terms set forth in the Treaty of Ghent.
C) It limited American and British military buildup.
Why did many Americans react positively to the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789? A. It overthrew the Catholic Church. B. France almost immediately attacked England. C. It overthrew the French monarchy. D. It was more radical than the American Revolution.
C) It overthrew the French monarchy.
Gender relations among black men and women in slavery were A. subject to the same legal protections as were white men and women. B. not allowed by most slave owners. C. not affected by the legal institutions that applied to whites. D. unequal by force of law.
C) Not affected by the legal institutions that applied to whites.
Where did Lewis and Clark begin their expedition in the spring of 1804? A. Philadelphia B. New Orleans C. St. Louis D. Present-day North Dakota
C) St. Louis
Where was the main scene of military action during the Quasi-War between France and the United States? A. Canada B. New England C. The Caribbean D. Europe
C) The Caribbean
What did South Carolina politicians devise in response to the 1828 Tariff of Abominations? A. The Force Bill B. The new tariff of 1833 C. The doctrine of nullification D. The South Carolina Resolves
C) The doctrine of nullification
What did the Boston printer William Lloyd Garrison advocate? A. Gradual emancipation of slaves B. The eventual colonization of freed slaves C. Immediate abolition of slavery D. The extension of slavery into the northern states
C) The immediate abolition of slavery.
Who won the presidential election of 1800? A. John Adams B. Alexander Hamilton C. Thomas Jefferson D. John Jay
C) Thomas Jefferson
25. Calvinism
Calvinism the doctrines of John Calvin. Which was that Christians strictly discipline their behavior to conform to God's commandments announced in the Bible.They believed in predestination- elect already decided by God
Martin Frobisher's sailing expedition into the waters of northern Canada was sponsored by the
Cathay Company.
Philadelphia
Colony founded by William Penn and inhabited by Quakers.
The United States also attempted to prevent the spread of _____________ by diplomacy, including the threat of nuclear force.
Communism
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Company that made a charter that let Puritans be self governed in Mass. Merchants and country men got a royal charter. Government was in the colony, not in England. Head of Mass. Bay Co was John Winthrop. People wanted to reform the corrupt CHurch of England.
What was the composition and purpose of the New England town meeting in the seventeenth century
Consisting of a town's inhabitants, the town meeting chose the selectmen and other officials who administered local affairs
The 1794 Battle of Fallen Timber was a decisive event because it
Constituted a major defeat for the major tribes in the Northwest Territory
The official position of U.S. foreign policy concerning communism was that of ________.
Containment
After the delegates to the Philadelphia convention drafted the Constitution, they sent it to the
Continental Congress.
What event facilitated the federal government's decision to move its permanent home from Philadelphia to Washington, D.C.?
Controversy surrounding Hamilton's proposal to assume the states' war debts
What event facilitated the federal government's decision to move its permanent home from Philadelphia to Washington, D.C.?
Controversy surrounding Hamilton's proposal to assume the states' war debts.
President Eisenhower turned to ___________ action to attempt to undermine the expansion efforts of the communists.
Covert
Why were textile jobs were popular with women in the early nineteenth century? A. The working conditions were excellent. B. The pay equaled that earned by young men. C. The work was not physically strenuous. D. They allowed unprecedented autonomy.
D) They allowed unprecedented autonomy.
Why did the Whigs run three candidates against Van Buren in the election of 1836? A. The party had split into warring factions. B. An administrative oversight put three candidates on the ballot. C. The majority of the party had shifted support to Van Buren. D. They hoped to throw the election to the House of Representatives.
D) They hoped to throw the election to the House of Representatives.
How did Spain earn a modest profit from its territory along the Mississippi River? A. Through land sales to Americans B. By owning tobacco plantations C. By owning plantations D. Through taxes on trade
D) Through taxes on trade.
What did the National Republicans, who later called themselves the Whig Party, support? A. Responding to the will of the majority B. Promoting farming interests in the South and West C. Allowing states to secede from the Union D. Using federal action to promote commerce
D) Using federal action to promote commerce
Which right was omitted in the Bill of Rights? A. Free speech B. Peaceable assembly C. Freedom from unwarranted searches D. Voting
D) Voting
War with Mexico was made certain by President Polk's insistence on A. annexing Texas. B. refusing to pay for additional Mexican land. C. ignoring Mexican diplomats. D. acquiring Mexico's northern provinces.
D) acquiring Mexico's northern provinces.
Why did President Jefferson give the Osage women spinning wheels and looms as gifts? A. He respected traditional Indian labor practices. B. The Indians had asked for these gifts in return for crops. C. The Indians had, to that point, worked with primitive equipment. D. He wanted them to embrace what he saw as civilized agriculture.
D. He wanted them to embrace what he saw as civilized agriculture.
Elizabeth I
Daughter of Henry and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Queen of England. She reaffirmed the English Reformation and tried to position the English church between the extremes of Catholicism and Puritanism. Wanted a church that would strengthen the monarchy and the nation. Reestablished Protestantism as the state religion
In Advice to American Women, Mrs. A. J. Graves offered support for which new idea about gender relations in Jacksonian America?
Men and women occupy separate spheres in American society (339)
38. Metacomet
Metacomet, also known by his adopted English name King Philip, was a Wampanoag and the second son of the sachem Massasoit. He became a chief of his people in 1662 when his brother Wamsutta (or King Alexander) died shortly after their father Massasoit
In 1521, Cortès mounted a victorious assault on the
Mexicans.
Why did so few colonists in eighteenth-century New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania use slave labor?
Most farmers in the region cultivated wheat, which was not a very labor-intensive crop.
Why did Congress disregard Hamilton's Report on Manufactures?
Most legislators in Congress were confirmed agriculturalists who saw manufacturing as a danger.
The ___ was formed by black leaders, including Dr. King, to promote the rights of minorities and end segregation.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Why did the English continue the Dutch policy of religious toleration when they assumed control of New Netherland in 1664
New Netherland was already diverse and imposing a uniform religion would have been nearly impossible
How did the Dutch colony of New Netherland differ from the seventeenth-century English colonies?
New Netherland's founders never permitted the settlers to form a representative government.
During the Revolution, Hamilton led the New York Provincial Artillery Company, which today exists as the First Battalion Fifth Field Artillery based in
New York
In order to get his financial program through Congress in 1790, Alexander Hamilton made a deal to move the nation's capital federal government from
New York City to Philadelphia, a more central location with a substantial mercantile class (265)
An organization of religious women inspired by the second great awakening to eradicate sexual sin and male licentiousness.
New York Female Moral Reform Society
Because of the colony s large number of loyalists and geographic advantage, the British strategy focused first on
New York.
The Soviet Union, while not lacking political leadership, went into a period of internal change until 1956, when _________ came to power.
Nikita Khrushchev
leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin
Nikita Khrushchev
Dr. King and other black leaders formed the ___ to end segregation of all public facilities and promote the rights of minorities.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
A theory asserting that states could nullify acts of congress that exceeded congressional powers.
Nullification
Who were most of the Americans who bought and settled the Texas land sold by Stephen F. Austin in the 1820s?
Southern cotton planters and their slaves
Who opposed the steep federal tariffs passed by the U.S. Congress in 1816 and 1824?
Southern planters
First major economic crisis of the US that led to several years of hard times from 1837 to 184.
Panic of 1837
Between 1763 and 1800, which country possessed the large area of North America just west of the United States?
Spain
Columbus's initial journey was sponsored by the monarchy of
Spain
Why was Thomas Jefferson so alarmed by the rumor that France had taken possession of the trans-Mississippi territory?
Spain had been a weak neighbor, but Jefferson knew that France, then ruled by Napoleon, would not be.
In 1957, Americans were shocked and disappointed to learn that the Soviets had launched __________, the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth.
Sputnik 1
Where did Lewis and Clark begin their expedition in the spring of 1804?
St. Louis
reaffirmed Parliament's authority.
The 1754 Albany Plan of Union
colonists were virtually represented in Parliament.
Prime Minister Grenville defended the Stamp Act by arguing that
Alexander Hamilton applied to the College of New Jersey, but went to King's College. These are now
Princeton and Columbia
Overland from Persia, Asia Minor, India, and Africa
Prior to the fifteenth century, how did luxury and exotic goods travel to Europe?
According to Hamilton's plan for the Bank of the United States, who would provide the majority of the bank's capital?
Private investors
What did female preacher Jemima Wilkinson do to gain attention from newspapers?
Proclaimed her body no longer male or female
proposed colonial control over Indian relations.
The Albany Plan of Union, authored by Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania and Thomas Hutchinson of Massachusetts and issued in 1754,
What was Britain s goal in the war for America?
Restoring sympathetic governments
What did President Monroe and former president Jefferson worry that the crisis over the admission of Missouri might do?
Revive the Federalist Party in the North
Dwight D. Eisenhower's 1952 vice-presidential running mate
Richard M. Nixon
What did the New York Female Moral Reform Society work to eradicate?
Sexual sin. The women who started the New York Female Moral Reform Society in 1833 wanted to eliminate sexual sin, especially prostitution. They believed that uncontrolled male sexual expression threatened society in general and women in particular. In the society's nationally distributed newspaper, the Advocate of Moral Reform, they denounced men who visited brothels or seduced innocent women (343)
How did slaves express resistance to their situation on a daily basis in the antebellum South?
Slaves engaged in forms of resistance such as feigning illness, breaking farm equipment, or playing dumb.
Which of the following goals was one of Andrew Jackson's highest priorities during his presidency?
Solving the "Indian problem"
What incident finally precipitated the forcible removal of the Cherokees from Georgia in the 1838 Trail of Tears?
Some Cherokee leaders' unauthorized signing of a treaty selling all their lands to the state
Why did some Federalists in the U.S. House of Representatives back the Republican Aaron Burr over the Republican Thomas Jefferson in the contested election of 1800?
Some Federalists believed Burr would be more susceptible to Federalist pressure.
of their Christian scruples.
Some missionaries were disturbed by encomenderos' brutal treatment of Indians because
In 1953, _______ and the United States signed a treaty guaranteeing continued U.S. military support.
South Korea
In the political language used during George Washington's presidency in the 1790s, the term "virtuous" mean that one
emphasized the public good over private interest and ambition
In the political language used during George Washington's presidency in the 1790s, the term "virtuous" meant that one
emphasized the public good over private interest and ambition.
2. In addition to the growth in population, one of the major features of eighteenth-century colonial society was the a. depressed economy. b. expanding economy. c. lack of food. d. low birthrate.
expanding economy.
Compared to the Indian policies pursued by the other English colonies in the seventeenth century, Pennsylvania's Indian policy was
fairer and more respectful in theory and in practice
Compared to the Indian policies pursued by the other English colonies in the seventeenth century, Pennsylvania's Indian policy was
fairer and more respectful in theory and in practice.
11. Most farms in the middle colonies operated using a. family labor. b. slave labor. c. one worker. d. gangs of day laborers.
family labor.
Most eighteenth-century farms in the middle colonies operated using
family labor.
Advertising became the nation's ____________ growing industry, as radio, television, and print ads extolled the virtues of buying and owning new stuff.
fastest
Georgians quickly ratified the Constitution because they
felt that a stronger national government would provide greater protection.
Concern for Latin American nations increased when Cuba fell to a communist rebellion under ___________ in 1959.
fidel castro
12. The major export from the middle colonies was a. fish. b. flour. c. rum. d. milling equipment.
flour
From 1776 until 1781, the Second Continental Congress existed without any
formal constitutional basis.
President Johnson's ________ proposals were intended to help the young, the elderly, the sick, the unemployed, and the taxpayer and business owner.
great society
a government-run preschool program for economically disadvantaged families
head start
5. The most important reason why immigrants avoided New England was its a. cold winters. b. high ratio of people to land. c. high cost of living. d. high mortality rate.
high ratio of people to land.
Economic historians estimate that free colonists in British North America had a
higher standard of living than the majority of people elsewhere in the Atlantic world.
Who was Tecumseh?
highly respected by Americans, he was born in Ohio, 1768, was chief of the Shawnee Indians and dozens of tribes (289-290)
African slaves in the eighteenth-century South came to the American colonies from
a variety of African cultures.
Compared with the poor in England, the least wealthy eighteenth-century New Englanders were
able to live more comfortably.
Proponents of free labor in the mid-nineteenth century suggested that successful wage laborers would eventually be able to
achieve self-employment and then hire others.
Why were the colonial religious revivals of the eighteenth century important?
The revivals imparted the message that every soul mattered.
What happened to the relationship between the Comanche Indians and the United States after the 1807 Natchitoches meeting?
They became trading partners. In 1807, a Comanche delegation arrived at Natchitoches in Louisiana where a newly appointed U.S. Indian agent entertained them lavishly to demonstrate American power and wealth. The Comanche welcomed the United States as new trading partners, and this trade flourished on an extensive scale into the late 1820s.
31. Quakers
They believed that God spoke directly to each individual through an inner light and that individuals needed neither a preacher nor the bible to discover God's word. All human beings were equal in God's eyes. Women fully participated.
Why did Spanish officials in the territory along the Mississippi River aim to create a Spanish-Indian alliance in the region in the late eighteenth century?
They believed that a Spanish-Indian alliance in the region might be able to stop the expected wave of white American settlers.
Why did the British decide to shift their focus onto the South?
They counted on receiving support from runaway slaves.
War with Mexico was made certain by President Polk's insistence on
acquiring Mexico's northern provinces. Polk was not satisfied with the annexation of Texas; he wanted the northern provinces of California and New Mexico as well and was furious when Mexico refused to sell him this land, which today encompasses California, Nevada, Utah, most of New Mexico and Arizona, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado (377-378)
The first formal declaration of war against the United States by a foreign power was issued in 1801 by which country?
Tripoli
Select the three factors that led to President Truman's decision not to run for reelection in 1952.
Truman administration officials were accused and convicted of taking bribes and other acts of misconduct. Americans were tired of New Deal policies and desired less government control. Americans were frustrated by the stalemate in the Korean War.
The _________ project was a secret program of capturing Russian radio messages and attempting to decode them.
Venona
How did Harriet Tubman and other free blacks work behind the scenes to help fugitive slaves escape from the South?
Via the underground railroad
What did Thomas Jefferson see as the source of true liberty in America?
Virtuous, independent farmers who owned and worked their own land
Why did the candidates' characters become central issues in elections after 1828?
Voters used character to comprehend what kind of public official each man would make.
Which right was omitted in the Bill of Rights?
Voting
Why did no one complain about the omission of the right to vote from the Bill of Rights?
Voting was not yet seen as a fundamental liberty.
_______ became the nation's fastest growing industry as radio, print, and television ads encouraged families to purchase new goods.
advertising
he Articles of Confederation finally were accepted by all the states when James Madison and Thomas Jefferson
agreed to give up Virginia's western lands.
requested reinforcements and advised repeal of the Coercive Acts.
When armed confrontation broke out in Massachusetts in 1775, General Thomas Gage, military commander and the colony's new royal governor,
requested reinforcements and advised repeal of the Coercive Acts.
When armed confrontation broke out in Massachusetts, Thomas Gage, military commander and the new royal governor,
was killed by the Calusa Indians.
When he returned to Florida in 1521, Juan Ponce de Leon
Algonquians
When the English first settled in Jamestown, they faced strong resistance from the
African slaves
When the Indian population of New Spain dwindled, decimated by European diseases and hard labor, who did the Spanish bring to the New World to serve them?
Brazil
Where did the Portuguese explorer Pedro Álvars Cabral accidentally make landfall?
New Mexico
Where did the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 occur?
Georgia
Which American colony elected not to send delegates to the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia in 1774?
The Marquess of Rockingham
Which British prime minister led the effort to repeal the Stamp Act in March 1766?
Silver mining
Which New World activity helped cement Spain's status as the foremost economic power in Europe after 1540?
Sixteenth
Which century was Spain's Golden Age?
Spain
Which country's monarchy sponsored Columbus's initial journey?
Bartolomeu Dias
Which explorer sailed around the southern tip of Africa in 1488?
The Marquess of Rockingham
Which minister led the effort to repeal the Stamp Act in March 1766?
It directed that some of the revenue it generated go to the salaries of royal governors.
Which of the following describes the Revenue Act of 1767?
Indians lost their land and colonial settlers began to move in.
Which of the following was a consequence of the Seven Years' War in North America?
Liberty, property, and life
Which three concepts had come to be regarded as the birthright of freeborn British subjects by the seventeenth century?
Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Hutchinson
Which two men co-authored the Albany Plan of Union?
Political party that evolved out of the National Republicans after 1834.
Whigs
Social reformers in the movements that were inspired by the Second Great Awakening aligned themselves with which political party in the late 1830s?
Whigs
In June 1961, Premier Khrushchev constructed the ________ to prevent East Germans from finding asylum in West Germany.
berlin wall
How many demonstrators attended the March?
between 200,000 and 300,000
In April 1963, the SCLC initiated a protest movement against segregation laws in ________, Alabama.
birmingham
In April 1963, the SCLC protested segregation laws in ___________, Alabama.
birmingham
During World War II and throughout the 1950s, millions of ___________ had moved to Northern cities to work in the factories.
blacks
President Eisenhower believed in long-range __________ , and Premier Khrushchev believed in _____________.
bombers rockets
10. "Redemptioners" paid their way to the colonies a. by selling their labor under contract. b. by obtaining church sponsorship. c. themselves. d. with discounted tickets.
by selling their labor under contract.
The Oneida community was organized to allow members to practice
complex marriage. John Humphrey Noyes, the leader of Oneida, felt that society's commitment to private property made people selfish and greedy and that the notion of private property derived from men's conviction that their wives were their exclusive property. Therefore, he proposed a community in which sexual intercourse was allowed between any consenting man and woman, regardless of their marital status (386)
town meetings
composed of a town's inhabitants and freemen, chose the selectmen and other officials who administered local affairs. Practiced a level of popular participation in political life that was unprecedented elsewhere int he world during the 17th century.
The _________ (CORE) organized boycotts and demonstrations against restaurants that segregated their dining rooms or refused service to minorities.
congress of racial equality
After 1660, the English crown began to
consolidate royal authority over colonial governments
The 1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers was a decisive event because it
constituted a major defeat for the major tribes in the Northwest Territory.
The economic boom of the 1950s was driven and characterized by a new __________.
consumerism
Concerning communism, _________ was the official position of U.S. policy.
containment
The success of the Puritan Revolution
decreased immigration to New England
The success of the Puritan Revolution in England in the 1640s
decreased immigration to New England
Thomas Jefferson's presidency was marked by
a tone of republican simplicity.
19. At a minimum, British power a. kept intercolonial strife to a minimum. b. defended the colonists from indigenous and foreign enemies. c. organized the militia. d. regulated the state churches.
defended the colonists from indigenous and foreign enemies
Over time, it became apparent that Great Society programs were creating a(n) _________ on the government for basic needs such as food and shelter.
dependency
President Johnson's critics claimed his proposals created a(n) _________ on government for basic needs.
dependency
______ is the passing of laws to end the separation of people due to race or class.
desegregation
________ is the passing of laws that causes rules to be lifted concerning segregation.
desegregation
9. Immigrants from northern Ireland, Scotland, and northern England usually left their homes because of a. deteriorating economic conditions. b. religious persecution. c. warfare. d. high taxes.
deteriorating economic conditions.
What effect did the Haitian Revolution have on the southern United States in the 1790s?
White southerners became increasingly fearful
What effect did the Haitian Revolution have on the southern United States in the 1790s?
White southerners became increasingly fearful.
Why did some Southern whites fear allowing blacks to vote?
Whites in some areas feared black voters because blacks outnumbered whites. The whites knew that white politicians would be voted out of office.
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
Who attempted (and failed) to find the mythical Seven Cities of Cíbola?
John Adams and Josiah Quincy
Who defended the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre during their fall 1770 trial?
John Adams and Josiah Quincy
Who defended the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre during their trial in Boston in 1770?
Giovanni da Verrazano
Who did France enlist to scout the Atlantic coast of North America for a Northwest Passage?
Opechancanough
Who led the Indian uprising of 1644, in which around five hundred colonists were killed in two days?
The Paxton Boys
Who murdered and scalped twenty peaceful Conestoga Indians in late 1763?
Opechancanough
Who organized an all-out assault on English settlers in Virginia in March of 1622?
Sir Walter Raleigh
Who organized the English colonization of Roanoke Island?
Martin Waldseemller
Who published the first map that showed the New World as separate from Asia?
The Cathay Company
Who sponsored Martin Frobisher's sailing expedition into the waters of northern Canada?
Farmers and artisans
Who took control of local institutions in colonial Massachusetts by the late summer of 1774?
Prince Henry the Navigator
Who was an important advocate of Portuguese expansion from 1415 to 1460?
King James I
Who was the first English monarch to provide serious support to colonists in Spanish North America?
The Portuguese
Who were the first Europeans to use new maritime technology to sail outside the limits of the known world?
John Dickinson
Who wrote Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, a powerful critique of the Townshend duties?
Patrick Henry
Who wrote the Virginia Resolves, a series of resolutions in opposition to the Stamp Act?
France had alliances with the region's Indians and established a profitable fur trade.
Why did France value the Ohio Valley during the first half of the eighteenth century?
To provide an incentive to overcome the risks of enforcing the act
Why did Grenville order that local stamp distributors be hired at a generous salary?
It refused to repudiate Samuel Adams's denunciation of the Townshend duties.
Why did Lord Hillsborough order Massachusetts governor Francis Bernard to dissolve the Massachusetts assembly?
He dispatched Washington to warn the French that they were trespassing on Virginia land.
Why did Virginia's royal governor Robert Dinwiddie send the young George Washington to the Ohio Valley in 1753?
Elite planters readily shared their profits with yeomen.
Why did free families in the Chesapeake experience a rough frontier equality until about 1650?
Nonimportation agreements were more enforceable and more damaging to British trade.
Why did many towns in colonial America move to implement nonimportation agreements in addition to nonconsumption agreements in the late 1760s?
Men who had held elective offices in the colonies composed the new governing bodies.
Why did most American colonists who supported the patriot cause instantly accept the legitimacy of the committees of correspondence and First Continental Congress, even though the self-proclaimed governing bodies had no official constitutional authority?
Quebec gained control of contested land.
Why did the Quebec Act upset colonists?
They resented Mexican power.
Why did the Tlaxcalans assist Cortés and the Spaniards?
The colonies generated little income of their own.
Why did the colonies in New Mexico and Florida require expensive subsidies from Spain?
The framers of the Constitution curbed the excesses of democracy by
devising a government with limits and checks on all branches.
Unlike his predecessors George Washington and John Adams, as the president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson
disdained female political gatherings and other formal social occasions.
By the 1680s, Puritan orthodoxy in New England had declined so much that
in some towns, only 15 percent of adult males were church members.
8. Most of the slaves in New England were concentrated a. among clergymen. b. in towns. c. on family farms. d. on large plantations.
in towns.
In the late seventeenth century, the richest 5 percent of Bostonians owned about one-third of the city's wealth; by 1770, their wealth
increased significantly.
The most serious obstacle to settlement in the Northwest Territory was
indian resistance
5. During the eighteenth century, the colonial governments of Connecticut and Massachusetts started selling land to a. churches. b. groups of settlers. c. individuals. d. towns.
individuals.
Some of the reform movements of the 1840s and 1850s were based on the belief that the era's major social problems resulted from
insufficient self-control. The emphasis on self-discipline and individual effort that lay at the core of the free-labor ideal had ramifications for Americans' understanding of social problems as well. Reformers believed that a lack of self-control lay at the root of many social difficulties, including alcoholism, poverty, and prostitution (384)
President Eisenhower called upon the governors of the states to get behind the effort to build an efficient and modern __________ system in ten years. The ____________ Act of 1956 authorized funds for the construction of this system.
interstate highway federal aid highway
Columbus and his men were disappointed by San Salvador because
it was not filled with riches.
____________, an escaped convict, pled guilty of MLK's murder and was sentenced to a 99-year prison term.
james earl ray
_____ laws in the South required segregation in most private businesses and public facilities.
jim crow
_________ laws in the South required segregation in restaurants, bus station waiting rooms, buses, swimming pools, and other public facilities.
jim crow
trained young people and helped them find jobs
job corps
His New Frontier plans included proposals providing federal aid to education and health insurance for the elderly.
john f. kennedy
Former President ___________ attended the launch of Apollo 11 and was justifiably proud of his part in putting a man on the moon.
johnson
President __________ (LBJ) was a veteran in Washington, well-known and slightly ___________ by almost everyone who knew him. He could be___________ , but in debate (whether personal or public), he could be fierce and intimidating.
johnson feared friendly
Between 1840-1860 roughly 3 out of 4 Irish immigrants worked as
laborers or domestic servants, dug canals, loaded ships, laid railroad track, and did odd jobs while their women worked in homes of others doing cooking, washing, ironing, minding children and cleaning houses (368)
The most widespread objection to ratifying the Constitution was that it
lacked any guarantees of individual liberties.
Massachusetts colonists were horrified that the Dominion of New England invalidated
land titles
Frequent skirmishes on Creek-occupied lands in present-day Georgia and Mississippi in the 1790s were caused by
land-hungry Georgians
Frequent skirmishes on Creek-occupied lands in present-day Georgia and Mississippi in the 1790s were caused by
land-hungry Georgians.
The popular elected assembly in Pennsylvania struggled for the right to debate and armed
laws
Ministers in Puritan communities were prohibited from
holding government office
Ministers in seventeenth-century New England Puritan communities were prohibited from
holding government office
By 1960 almost two-thirds of American families were ________.
homeowners
The U.S. House of Representatives formed the ___ to investigate suspicious persons and organizations that might be undermining U.S. security.
house un-american activities committee
Dwight D. Eisenhower's campaign slogan was "___."
i like ike
18. The religious revivals of the eighteenth century were important because they a. halted the long-term decline in church membership. b. imparted the message that every soul mattered. c. discouraged the consumption of luxury items. d. focused colonial discontent with the ruling order.
imparted the message that every soul mattered.
President Monroe formulated what later became known as the Monroe Doctrine in response to
the possibility that Spain would try to regain lost colonies in South America.
Until the adoption of the Twelfth Amendment in 1804, the vice president was
the runner-up in the electoral college.
Between 1830 and 1832 thousands of northern white women sent petitions to Washington to protest
the Indian Removal Act. Following Congress's passage of Indian Removal Act of 1830, thousands of northern white women launched a petition drive to protest the expulsion law. Their petitions to federal government argued that Cherokee Indians of Georgia were a sovereign people with a right to stay on their land. Such mass petitioning by women had not been seen before; unfortunately, petitions had no effect on President Jackson's policy toward Indians (335)
In 1805, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark ended their expedition at
the Pacific Ocean at the mouth of the Columbia River.
President Polk helped to spark the war with Mexico by ordering American troops to
the Rio Grande. The United States claimed that Texas stretched south all the way to the Rio Grande; Mexico placed the Texas border 150 miles to the north, at the Nueces River. When American troops advanced to the Rio Grande, they were, in the eyes of Mexicans, invading Mexico (378-379)
13. By 1770, the most populous region of the British colonies was a. New England. b. the South. c. the middle colonies. d. the far West.
the South.
In the seventeenth century, Pennsylvania established a thriving trade exporting flour and other food products to
the West Indies
During the eighteenth century, the majority of New England's exports went to
the West Indies.
Anne Hutchinson was excommunicated and banished from Massachusetts after being found guilty of
the heresy of prophecy
Anne Hutchinson was excommunicated and banished from Massachusetts in 1638 after being found guilty of
the heresy of prophecy
Some religious leaders viewed the financial devastation wrought by the panic of 1837 as punishment for
the immoderate greed of many Americans. Some framed the devastation caused by the panic of 1837 as retribution for an immoral frenzy of financial speculation that had gripped the country. They saw the panic as a blessing in disguise, a wake-up call to Americans who needed to moderate their greed (350, 351)
11. The conditions under which a slave labored were legally set by a. the master's commands. b. colonial law. c. local custom. d. a written contract.
the master's commands.
In 1786, a Massachusetts farmer and onetime captain in the Continental army named Daniel Shays
led a tax revolt
James Madison objected to the proposals in Alexander Hamilton's Report on Public Credit because they profited speculators and
led to high taxation.
He was arrested in a theater shortly after shooting President Kennedy from the Texas School Book Depository building.
lee harvey oswald
In 1963, as many as 200,000 protestors gathered in Washington, D.C., to seek new civil rights legislation and to hear Dr. King speak from the ____________ Memorial.
lincoln
Dr. King addressed a massive crowd from the steps of the _____.
lincoln memorial
The complaint in Brown v. Board of Education was that ____________ was not allowed to attend a school near her home, but was instead forced to attend a school far from home in a ____________ neighborhood.
linda brown black
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 eliminated _________ tests that kept many blacks from voting.
literacy
In many states, regulations such as __________ tests or __________ taxes prevented blacks from being able to vote.
literacy poll
By 1770, the colonists in British North America
lived under thirteen different colonial governments.
Most Americans in 1850 were still far more familiar with horses than with
locomotives; even in 1875, trains carried only about 1/3 of mail; most of the rest still went by stagecoach or horseback (363)
Dr. King reminded the people that the key to change was not violence or hatred, but __________.
love
The Court ruled that state laws could not set aside the Court's decision to end segregation of public education.
loving vs virginia
The ___ ruling by the Court clarified the illegality of forced segregation in dealing with interracial marriages.
loving vs virginia
Shortly after JFK's death, _________ was sworn in as the 36th President of the United States.
lyndon baines johnson
The American defeat of the Indians at Tippecanoe in 1811
made Tecumseh even more ready to make war on the United States.
What did company owner John Deere make in 1837 that became leading instrument tool in the Midwest?
made a strong smooth steel plow that sliced through prairie soil for cleanly that farmers called it the "singing plow" (359)
Black separatism found a voice in _______. He adopted his last name in honor of his African name, which was lost to him.
malcolm x
The Southern ________ expressed the will of the Southern white community to keep segregation as the status quo.
manifesto
_____ was the pastor who organized the Montgomery Bus Boycott, serving as spokesman while providing inspirational leadership.
martin luther king jr
_________________, a pastor of a church in Montgomery, was chosen by black leaders as their spokesperson. He helped organize the boycott and provided inspirational leadership.
martin luther king jr
The only state in which the Federalists encountered difficulty early in the ratification process was
massachusets
With the development of new vaccines, antibiotics, and procedures, the 1950s were a turning point in the history of ________.
medicine
Dr. King was shot and killed while in __________ to resolve a strike.
memphis
Frustration over the __________ sanitation worker's strike led to race riots in Washington, D.C., Chicago, and other towns.
memphis
Puritans believed that the church was defined as the
men and women who had entered a covenant with each other and with God
Seventeenth-century New England Puritans believed that the church was defined as the
men and women who had entered a covenant with each other and with God.
The commercial economy of New England in the eighteenth century was dominated by
merchants
8. The commercial economy of New England was dominated by a. ships' captains. b. merchants. c. bankers. d. lawyers.
merchants.
U.S. manufacturers supported the implementation of tariffs in the mid-nineteenth century in order to
minimize competition from British manufacturers exporting products to the United States.
The _______ ruling established the procedures that police were required to follow when making an arrest to ensure that the person understood his rights.
miranda vs arizona
The Court established that police must follow procedure when making an arrest to ensure that the person understood his rights.
miranda vs morgan
In 1946, the NAACP was involved in ___________ v. _________, a case before the Supreme Court which ended segregation on interstate buses.
morgan virginia
The belief that neither side would start a nuclear war because both sides would be destroyed was the theory behind the policy of ___.
mutually assured destruction (MAD)
A few years after joining the __________ of _____________ movement, Malcolm X became disenchanted with its leader,____________ . He then turned to Arabic Islam.
nation islam elijah muhammad
The 1939 transportation authority report promoted the idea of building an interstate highway system for what two reasons?
national defense rapid transportation
The ideology of manifest destiny rested on the notions of
national pride and racial arrogance.
Because of ________, the use of powerful fire hoses on protesters in Birmingham actually generated support for the civil rights movement.
national television coverage
7. In the late seventeenth century, the richest 5 percent of Bostonians owned about one-third of the city's wealth; by 1770, they owned a. one-quarter of the city's wealth. b. the same proportion of the city's wealth. c. one-half of the city's wealth. d. two-thirds of the city's wealth.
one-half of the city's wealth.
How did the 1691 royal character change elections in Massachusetts?
only those who owned property could vote
Initially, most of the delegates to the Second Continental Congress
opposed total independence for the colonies.
15. Masters preferred black slaves over white indentured servants because slaves a. served for life, could be disciplined freely, and afforded a greater profit. b. served for life and were believed to be better workers. c. could be disciplined freely and were believed to be better workers. d. served for life and were believed to be smarter.
served for life, could be disciplined freely, and afforded a greater profit.
John Winthrop, the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, believed that Puritans had a duty to
set an example of godliness
For Spain, the most important economic activity in New Spain after 1540 was
silver mining
The __________ century was Spain's Golden Age.
sixteenth
The proposed constitution at the Philadelphia convention touched on but never directly named
slaves or slavery.
Question 1 0.375 out of 0.375 points In 1786, a Massachusetts farmer and onetime captain in the Continental army named Daniel Shays Answer Correct Answer: b. led a tax revolt. Question 2 0.375 out of 0.375 points The most serious obstacle to settlement in the Northwest Territory was Answer Correct Answer: a. Indian resistance. Question 3 0.375 out of 0.375 points In 1780s New Jersey, white women and free African Americans Answer Correct Answer: b. could vote if they were worth more than £50. Question 4 0 out of 0.375 points The Antifederalists could be characterized as coming from Answer Correct Answer: d. All of the above Question 5 0.375 out of 0.375 points The only state in which the Federalists encountered difficulty early in the ratification process was Answer Correct Answer: c. Massachusetts. Question 6 0 out of 0.375 points The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Answer Correct Answer: d. prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory. Question 7 0 out of 0.375 points In essay number 10 of The Federalist, James Madison challenged the Antifederalist conviction that Answer Correct Answer: a. republican government had to be small-scale. Question 8 0.375 out of 0.375 points The framers of the Constitution curbed the excesses of democracy by Answer Correct Answer: a. devising a government with limits and checks on all branches. Question 9 0 out of 0.375 points The delegates meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 were supposed to Answer Correct Answer: d. revise the Articles of Confederation. Question 10 0 out of 0.375 points Under the Articles of Confederation, to derive revenue to finance the war each state was to contribute to the common treasury Answer Correct Answer: b. funds in proportion to the property value of the state's land. Question 11 0.375 out of 0.375 points In the debate over the United States Constitution, the Great Compromise adopted the bicameral legislature to Answer Correct Answer: a. end the logjam over how to apportion representation. Question 12 0 out of 0.375 points Thomas Jefferson's proposal for dealing with the national domain advocated Answer Correct Answer: a. giving the land to settlers. Question 13 0.375 out of 0.375 points Many state leaders liked the lack of centralized authority in the confederation government in the late 1770s because they Answer Correct Answer: a. felt it would prevent the potential tyranny of government. Question 14 0.375 out of 0.375 points From 1776 until 1781, the Second Continental Congress existed without any Answer Correct Answer: c. formal constitutional basis. Question 15 0.375 out of 0.375 points In the debate over slavery engendered by the Revolution, bills for general emancipation in the Upper South states of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia were Answer Correct Answer: a. debated and defeated. Question 16 0 out of 0.375 points In the final version of the Constitution, senators were to be elected by Answer Correct Answer: c. state legislatures. Question 17 0.375 out of 0.375 points By 1789, slavery in Massachusetts had been effectively abolished by Answer Correct Answer: a. judicial decision. Question 18 0.375 out of 0.375 points To approve or amend the Articles of Confederation required the consent of Answer Correct Answer: d. all thirteen state delegations and all thirteen state legislatures. Question 19 0 out of 0.375 points During the Revolutionary War, the confederation and the individual states ran up huge war debts, financed by Answer Correct Answer: c. printing money and borrowing from private sources. Question 20 0.375 out of 0.375 points By 1790, approximately 10,000 freed Virginia slaves had formed local free black communities, complete with Answer Correct Answer: a. schools and churches. Question 21 0.375 out of 0.375 points Antifederalists were convinced that, under the Constitution, elected representatives would always be Answer Correct Answer: b. from the upper class. Question 22 0 out of 0.375 points At the 1787 Philadelphia meeting, the Virginia Plan for restructuring the government called for Answer Correct Answer: a. an extremely strong national government. Question 23 0.375 out of 0.375 points Antifederalists in Connecticut, Maryland, and South Carolina tended to be Answer Correct Answer: b. rural, western, and noncommercial. Question 24 0.375 out of 0.375 points The Ordinance of 1784 Answer Correct Answer: c. guaranteed self-government and eventual statehood. Question 25 0 out of 0.375 points After the delegates to the Philadelphia convention drafted the Constitution, they sent it to the Answer Correct Answer: a. Continental Congress. Question 26 0 out of 0.375 points The controversial points in the first draft of the Articles of Confederation were the congress's ability to Answer Correct Answer: a. settle disputes between states and administer unsettled western lands. Question 27 0 out of 0.375 points The most widespread objection to ratifying the Constitution was that it Answer Correct Answer: b. lacked any guarantees of individual liberties. Question 28 0 out of 0.375 points The Constitution specified a mechanism for ratification requiring that Answer Correct Answer: c. nine out of thirteen special ratifying conventions had to approve the document. Question 29 0 out of 0.375 points Georgians quickly ratified the Constitution because they Answer Correct Answer: d. felt that a stronger national government would provide greater protection. Question 30 0.375 out of 0.375 points A shared feature of all the postcolonial state constitutions was the conviction that government should Answer Correct Answer: c. rest on the consent of the governed. Question 31 0.375 out of 0.375 points The proposed constitution at the Philadelphia convention touched on but never directly named Answer Correct Answer: a. slaves or slavery. Question 32 0 out of 0.375 points To help solve the confederation's postwar economic problems, the superintendent of finance, Robert Morris, suggested Answer Correct Answer: b. a 5 percent impost. Question 33 0 out of 0.375 points Because the Articles of Confederation had intentionally refrained from establishing an executive branch, the Congress Answer Correct Answer: c. created executive departments. Question 34 0 out of 0.375 points There was widespread agreement in the 1770s that the only legitimate participants in government were the Answer Correct Answer: c. propertied classes. Question 35 0.375 out of 0.375 points The fifty-five men who assembled at Philadelphia in 1787 generally Answer Correct Answer: a. were troubled by the weaknesses in the confederation government. Question 36 0 out of 0.375 points The Articles of Confederation finally were accepted by all the states when James Madison and Thomas Jefferson Answer Correct Answer: d. agreed to give up Virginia's western lands. Question 37 0 out of 0.375 points After the Revolutionary War, many politicians were primarily interested in devoting their talents to Answer Correct Answer: a. state governments. Question 38 0.375 out of 0.375 points The governor of Massachusetts, James Bowdoin, responded to the 1786 tax revolt by Answer Correct Answer: c. characterizing the protestors as illegal rebels. Question 39 0 out of 0.375 points The ideals of the Revolution spurred seven Massachusetts freemen to refuse to pay taxes for three years because they Answer Correct Answer: d. were protesting their inability to vote. Question 40 0 out of 0.375 points Most political writers of the 1770s and 1780s believed that republics could succeed only if they were Answer Correct Answer: c. small. Most political writers of the 1770s and 1780s believed that republics could succeed only if they were
small
After the tense and contentious presidential election of 1800, the transfer of power from Federalist John Adams to Republican Thomas Jefferson was
smooth and peaceful.
President Johnson's Great _________ proposals aimed to improve the life not of just the needy, but all Americans.
society
The _________ was not a legal document, but it expressed the will of the Southern white community to keep segregation as the status quo.
southern manifesto
9. The large-scale migration of German immigrants to the middle colonies originated primarily from a. Austria. b. southwestern Germany. c. Switzerland. d. Bavaria.
southwestern Germany.
The Soviets' successful launch of ___ in 1957 shocked and disappointed Americans.
sputnik 1
After the Revolutionary War, many politicians were primarily interested in devoting their talents to
state governments
In the final version of the Constitution, senators were to be elected by
state legislatures.
Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence only after removal of
statements blaming the king for slavery
a cease-fire prevailed after a 20-nation force from the United Nations arrived to police the region.
suez crisis
1. After the second battle of Saratoga, General Burgoyne
surrendered
To meet the interest payments on the $77 million national debt, Alexander Hamilton convinced Congress to
tax some distilled spirits.
More than any before it, the 1960 presidential election was a(n) _________ campaign.
television
The 1960 Presidential election was the first in which ___ was (were) important.
television
The growth of ___ affected American culture more than anything else during the 1950s.
television
The biggest change in the culture of the United States during the 1950s can be summed up in one word—___________.
televison
A(n) _______ is a single case heard in order to establish a precedent for many similar situations.
test case
3. In 1700, most colonists lived within fifty miles of a. Canada. b. the Atlantic coast. c. the colonial frontier. d. Indian territory.
the Atlantic coast.
In 1700, most British colonists in North America lived within fifty miles of
the Atlantic coast.
A major reason for the increasing fervor over western exploration in the fifteenth century was
the Black Death.
Between 1830 and 1832, thousands of northern white women sent petitions to Washington to protest
the Indian Removal Act.
17. The European market for colonial goods made it clear that a. only the elite could buy small luxury items. b. the colonies would never provide a market for English goods. c. ordinary people could buy small luxury items. d. most people were not interested in purchasing unnecessary goods.
ordinary people could buy small luxury items
Prior to the fifteenth century, luxury and exotic goods traveled to Europe
overland from Persia, Asia Minor, India, and Africa.
Why did Rosa Parks become a rallying point for the Civil Rights Movement?
parks refused to give up a bus seat to a white man
In the 1830s, issues were defined, and political personalities publicized, by what?
partisan newspapers
the 1830s, issues were defined, and political personalities publicized, by
partisan newspapers; recognizing the importance of newspapers in rallying support, party leaders cultivated editors and dispensed favors to secure the loyalty of publications, even those in remote towns and villages. Leading papers would print stories about their favored candidates, and those stories would be reprinted in other papers as quickly as the mail system allowed (331)
The _________ involved sending trained volunteers, mostly college graduates, to countries that needed technical assistance to help these countries become modernized.
peace corps
antinomians
people who believed christians could be saved by faith alone and did not need to act in accordance with God's laws as set forth in the Bible and interpreted by the colony's leaders
28. Antinomians
people who believed that Christians could be saved by faith alone and dind not need to obey God's law)
In many states, divorce could be obtained only by
petitioning the state's legislature.
During the Revolutionary War, the confederation and the individual states ran up huge war debts, financed by
printing money and borrowing from private sources
Alexander Hamilton intended for the Bank of the United States to be a
private bank that worked primarily for the public good.
In tandem with the market revolution that began around 1815, lawyers fashioned an American legal system that primarily benefited
private investors.
In the first third of the nineteenth century, nearly all American road-building projects were funded primarily by
private investors.
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory.
There was widespread agreement in the 1770s that the only legitimate participants in government were the
propertied classes
New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania originated in the 1600s as
proprietary colonies
In essay number 10 of The Federalist, James Madison challenged the Antifederalist conviction that
republican government had to be small-scale.
In the nineteenth century, the desire of Americans to get ahead economically led to
restless mobility.
The delegates meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 were supposed to
revise the Articles of Confederation.
In the 1960 Presidential election, _________ , the Vice President, was given the Republican nomination as Presidential candidate. His opponent was the Democratic Senator from Massachusetts, ____________.
richard nixon john fitzgerald kennedy
The policy of ________, reclaiming communist countries, met with limited success.
rollback
Before Kennedy, no member of the _______ religion had ever been elected President.
roman catholic
The refusal of ___ to give up a bus seat to a white man became a rallying point for the civil rights movement.
rosa parks
Jack ___________ murdered JFK's killer on national television.
ruby
Antifederalists in Connecticut, Maryland, and South Carolina tended to be
rural, western, and noncommercial.
African-American young people began to seek leadership that would work for black _________, not integration.
seperatism
The social network that brought politicians together and facilitated communication for hiring and promotion during James Madison's presidential administration included
weekly parties hosted by Dolley Madison at the presidential residence.
In the years following Thomas Jefferson's presidency, the federal government's pursuit of peace with the Osage Indians was
whittled away by coercive treaties.
Until the adoption of the Twelfth Amendment in 1804, the vice president was
the runner-up in the electoral college; each electoral college voter could cast two votes for any two candidates on one ballot. The top vote-getter became president, and the second became vice president. A lot of maneuvering was required to make sure that the chief rivals for the presidency did not end up in the top two spots; in 1796, that unfortunate circumstance arose, with John Adams winning the presidency and Thomas Jefferson gaining the vice presidency (264)
In a critical victory in 1813, Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry defeated the British fleet at
the western end of Lake Erie between Ohio and Canada.
Why did Washington criticize Continental army suppliers?
they often sent rotten food
What are three ways in which Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and Dr. Ralph Abernathy suffered in the cause for civil rights?
they were arrested they were threatened with lynching by opponents they were forced from their homes by bombings and fires
19. During the Yamasee War of 1715, the Cherokees helped the English settlers in South Carolina fight against the Creek and Yamasee Indians because a. they were rivals of the Creeks and wanted access to British trade goods. b. they had converted to Christianity and felt obligated to defend their fellow Christians. c. they had a mutual interest with English planters in protecting the slave trade in South Carolina. d. disease and warfare had weakened them to the point that they could not conceive of defeating the British.
they were rivals of the Creeks and wanted access to British trade goods.
Indians who supported the American side in the Revolution did so because they
thought Americans would win the war
Who assassinated Malcolm X?
three men from the nation of islam
Appointed to the Court in 1967, ___________ was the first African-American Supreme Court justice.
thurgood marshall
What was the stated purpose of the March?
to ask the federal government to help with joblessness
At the beginning of the war, many Indians hoped
to remain neutral
4. What did John Winthrop teach in his sermon aboard the Arbella?
to subordinate their individual interests to the common good. To be knit together. Labor together morn together rejoice family Church community
Which of the following products could be shipped only to England according to the Navigation Acts?
tobacco
After 1803, the British regularly practiced impressment, which meant that they
took American sailors by force and compelled them to serve in the British navy to fight France.
The ___ took the place of cumbersome vacuum tubes and made radios and televisions smaller and more reliable.
transistor
The invention of the ________ made radios and televisions smaller and more reliable.
transistor
The Cuban Missile Crisis ended after Khrushchev agreed to bring the ships home, and the United States agreed to remove missiles from __________.
turkey
12. The popularity of Benjamin Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanack demonstrated that Pennsylvania's colonists had a. remained committed to their Quaker ideals of a divine inner light. b. turned work into a secular faith. c. become very lazy. d. changed their outward behavior entirely.
turned work into a secular faith.
The increased availability of English goods in the eighteenth-century colonial market influenced the American colonists by
tying them to the British economy and making them feel more British.
After the election of 1828, national politicians in the United States viewed political parties as
useful for candidates and voters.
2. By 1770, the thirteen colonies were a. varied in people and environments. b. as homogeneous as Virginia. c. all subject to what amounted to a colonial "state" religion. d. all under one colonial government.
varied in people and environments.
The ___ project was a decades-long secret program that captured and decoded Russian radio messages.
venona
While Malcolm X did not actively pursue __________, he believed it could be effective.
violence
a domestic equivalent of the Peace Corps that was created to help the poor of America's inner cities
vista
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was highly specific, removing some ambiguities that had made these acts easy to ignore. It enforced the constitutional right to __________ , ended in public places, and prevented ____________ in federally assisted programs.
vote disrimination
Most Americans heading to Oregon in the 1840s and 1850s traveled via
wagon train.
The ___________ Commission concluded that JFK's assassin acted alone.
warren
By 1956, the nation had successfully made the transition from a(n) ____________ economy to a(n) ___________ economy—without a major recession.
wartime peacetime
20. What did King Philip's War leave New England settlers with?
.A large war debt, a devastated frontier and an enduring hatred of the Indians...
How did free-labor proponents characterize wage labor? A. As the first step toward independence B. Like an economic dead-end C. As the most suitable occupation for immigrant workers D. Like a form of capitalist exploitation
A) As the first step toward independence
American manufacturers specialized in producing items for what market? A. Domestic B. English C. West Indian D. French
A) Domestic
Alexander Hamilton's Report on Public Credit recommended A. funding debt at full value. B. eliminating debt. C. forcing states to pay their own war debt. D. policing speculation in debt certificates.
A) Funding debt at full value.
American claims to the Oregon Country competed with those of which nation? A. Great Britain B. Russia C. Spain D. France
A) Great Britain
What were the two Alien Acts passed by Congress in 1798 designed to do? A. Harass French immigrants who were already in the United States B. Discourage British immigrants from entering the United States C. Make it easier to deport native-born American citizens D. Strengthen immigrants' rights
A) Harass French immigrants who were already in the United States
Who of the following opposed the French Revolution? A. John Adams B. George Washington C. John Jay D. Thomas Jefferson
A) John Adams
What did utopian communities like those of the Fourierists hope to achieve? A. Models of perfection B. Competition among community members C. A strong sense of individualism D. A working-class rebellion
A) Models of perfection.
What did female preacher Jemima Wilkinson do to gain attention from newspapers? A. Proclaimed her body no longer male or female B. Claimed women had a particularly strong connection to God C. Became an ordained minister in the Methodist church D. Exhorted women to remain silent in the church
A) Proclaimed her body no longer male or female.
By the 1830s, white girls who attended school usually A. received the same basic education as boys. B. studied only the subjects of music and art. C. learned only from male teachers. D. had dramatically lower literacy rates than boys.
A) Received the same basic education as boys
To meet the interest payments on the $77 million national debt, Alexander Hamilton convinced Congress to: A. tax some distilled spirits. B. raise import duties. C. tax wine and beer. D. impose a stamp tax.
A) Tax some distilled spirits
President Monroe formulated what later became known as the Monroe Doctrine in response to A. the possibility that Spain would try to regain lost colonies in South America. B. General Andrew Jackson's invasion of Spanish Florida in 1816. C. the furor in Congress over Missouri's application for statehood. D. the Adams-Ons Treaty, which delivered all of Florida to the United States.
A) The possibility that Spain would try to regain lost colonies in South America.
Why did Congress pass the Non-Intercourse Act in 1809? A. To open up trade routes to reduce economic hardship at home B. To halt immigration from France and England C. To prohibit trade with Spain D. To challenge British naval superiority
A) To open up trade routes to reduce economic hardship at home
George Washington was elected president in February 1789 A. with unanimous support. B. against strong opposition. C. by an almost evenly split electoral college. D. despite the reservations of New Englanders.
A) With unanimous support.
In the 1820s and 1830s, most boys left public school at the age of fourteen in order to seek a trade apprenticeship or to A. work in business. B. attend college. C. take mill jobs. D. go to private academies.
A) Work in business.
What brought the war between the United States and Tripoli to an end in 1804?
An American officer led an unofficial but successful attack on Tripoli's second largest city.
In 1829, an African American, Boston printer by the named of David Walker published
An Appeal... to the Coloured Citizens of the World, which condemned racism, invoked egalitarian language of the Declaration of Independence, and hinted racial violence if whites did not changed their prejudice ways (344)
Who led the American forces at the Battle of Fallen Timbers?'
Anthony Wayne
What did the Sedition Act of 1798 do? A. It extended the waiting period for naturalization. B. The Act made it illegal to defame the president or Congress. C. It required aliens to register with the federal government. D. The Act shut down Federalist newspapers.
B) The act made it illegal to defame the president or Congress.
marrying.
Female servants were prohibited from
In 1800, Spain struck a secret deal to transfer its trans-Mississippi land to
France.
Which of the following contributed to the British army s successful strategy in 1780?
Benedict Arnold furnished them with secret information.
resulted in China falling under communist rule resolved after President Eisenhower let it be
Chinese revolution
Martin Luther's doctrine of "justification by faith" held that
Christians could gain salvation and eternal life only by having faith that God would save them.
How did William Henry Harrison and the Whigs win the election of 1840? A. They portrayed Harrison as a sophisticated alternative to Van Buren. B. Low voter turnout hurt the Democrats. C. They campaigned like Democrats. D. Whigs in Congress took credit for an economic rebound.
C. They campaigned like Democrats.
Why did Senators Daniel Webster and Henry Clay force an early vote on rechartering the Bank of the United States? A. They believed renewing the charter would lead to economic stability. B. They hoped to destroy the anti-Jackson forces in Congress. C. They thought it would cause President Jackson to lose the 1832 election. D. They knew rechartering would fail if they waited until 1836.
C. They thought it would cause President Jackson to lose the 1832
6. What is the distinctive version of Puritans that was derived from Calvinism?
Calvinism the doctrines of John Calvin. They believed in predestination
Who did Washington appoint as attorney general?
Edmund Randolph
The majority of the immigrants who arrived in America between 1840 and 1860 came from Germany or
Ireland.
Who presided over the constitutional convention and never went to college?
George Washington
Who developed an effective polio vaccine?
Jonas Salk
______ was the scientist who developed the first polio vaccine.
Jonas Salk
Why did a non-Mormon mob kill Mormon leader Joseph Smith and his brother in Nauvoo, Illinois, in June of 1844?
Joseph Smith sanctioned polygamy.
The Cold War had lagged after the death of _________ in 1953. However, ____________ differences between the Soviets and the Americans had not softened.
Joseph Stalin ideological
The Mormon faith of the mid-nineteenth century grew out of which religious tradition?
Judeo-Christianity
Who wrote the boldly titled 1790 essay "On the Equality of the Sexes"?
Judith Sargent Murray
Who was Zebulon Pike?
An explorer who was arrested by the Spanish while he was in the Rocky Mountains
Why did President Jefferson give the Osage women spinning wheels and looms as gifts?
He wanted them to embrace what he saw as civilized agriculture.
The speech, "A Time for __________" brought Ronald Reagan to national prominence.
choosing
The speech "A Time for ___________" set forth the conservative ideals of Goldwater, but it also brought ___________ to political prominence.
choosing ronald reagan
The 1824 election was the first presidential contest in which candidates' popularity with ordinary voters could be measured because in all but six of the twenty-four states, voters
chose the members of the electoral college. Prior to 1824, state legislatures chose electors for the electoral college. However, by 1824 all but six states had changed their state constitutions to allow voters the privilege of choosing the electoral college. Because potential electors campaigned by supporting particular candidates, the composition of the electoral college in 1824 reflected popular opinion, at least among the quarter of eligible voters who bothered to exercise the franchise.
In the seventeenth century, New England's Puritan churches experienced an increasing number of divisions over
church doctrine
With President Johnson's encouragement, the Congress passed the ________ Act of 1964.
civil rights
LBJ's efforts led to the __________ Act of 1964 and the ______________ Act of 1965.
civil rights voter rights
The Pete Hernandez v. Texas ruling was significant in that it applied the protections of the Fourteenth Amendment to ___________ of people, not just to different ____________.
classes races
According to Thomas Jefferson, the federal government should not
collect taxes based on population.
The capital of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, rivaled New York in the seventeenth century as a center of
commerce.
The U.S. economy grew considerably in the 1790s, fueled by increasing grain prices and cotton production, a surge of road building, and the growth of
commercial banking.
corn and potatoes.
Europeans procured a number of valuable items from the New World, including
According to the advice authors of the 1830s, women's work was what?
An expression of loving familial duty.
Why did food prices in Europe rise sharply after 1793?
European wars caused underproduction in the 1790s.
Which Illinois governor lost the 1952 election to Dwight D. Eisenhower?
Adlai Stevenson
Who was called "father of the constitution?"
Congressman, James Madison
Who were the Pennsylvania Dutch?
Germans who immigrated to Pennsylvania
What was Washington's strategy for creating a successful presidency?
Implanting his reputation for integrity onto the office
When did Congress approved of 12 amendments and sent them to state for approval?
In September 1789 (pg. 264)
repealing the Townshend duties.
In the same week as the Boston Massacre, the new British Prime Minister, Frederick North, recommended
In 1664, New Netherland became
New York
initiated an uprising against the British.
Pontiac, chief of the Ottawa tribe in 1763, became famous after he
What development made New York City the premier commercial city in the United States by the 1830s?
The Erie Canal
establish coastal trading posts.
The Portuguese determined that the most profitable way to use Africa was to
race
The slave labor system polarized Chesapeake society along the lines of
In the eighteenth-century South, a creole slave was one who
was born into slavery in the colonies.
Food prices in Europe rose sharply after 1793, when France and Britain entered two decades of
"WAR." The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars went on for twenty years and eventually encompassed every major European power. This left the United States as the only neutral shipper and gave Americans a near monopoly on the Atlantic trade (265)
According to John Winthrop, each family was a
"little commonwealth"
According to John Winthrop, each family was a
"little commonwealth."
The theme song of the civil rights movement was ___ by Charles Albert Tindley.
"we shall overcome"
How much money did the United States pay France for the Louisiana territory?
$15 million
How much money did the United States pay France for the Louisiana territory?
$15 million. When Livingston hinted that the United States might seize the territory if buying was not an option, the French negotiator asked him to name his price for the entire Louisiana territory. Livingston stalled and eventually accepted the bargain price of $15 million.
What led American political leaders to nominate George Washington as the country's first president?
$50 million
What was the long-term result of the English Reformation in the sixteenth century?
Political turmoil erupted in England.
Why did Andrew Jackson veto Kentucky's Maysville Road project in 1830?
He wanted to articulate his notion that tax dollars should be spent on national projects, not local ones.
How did mechanical reapers and better plows permit farmers to increase their crop productivity?
The machines allowed more land to be brought into cultivation.
How did the Halfway Covenant of 1662 affect church membership in New England?
The unconverted children of saints could become "halfway" church members.
How did the Halfway Covenant of 1662 affect church membership in New England
The unconverted children of saints could become halfway church members
In 1507, Martin Waldseemüller
. published the first map to show the New World as separate from Asia.
praying towns
...
10. What was the seventeenth-century New England economy based on?
...Economy was based on products from forest and sea, so hunting for game and timber where many things were crafted from, sails for ships and staves for barrels. Fish trade was important. Colonists in most of New England had farms.
11. What happened to the population and church membership during the second half of the seventeenth century?
...Immigration came to a standstill in the 1640's but the population boomed with everyone married and women had 8 to 9 children. The cold weather kept disease at bay and people did not die. The population grew faster than church membership. The churches could only hold about a third of the residents in the city, by 1680 most of the church members were women. In some towns only 15% were men
21. What is King William's War?
...It was an outgrowth of Williams war against France in Europe. French forces from the fur-trading regions along the Great Lakes and Canada attacked villages in New England and New York.
15. How was New Netherland different and what became of it?
...It was owned by the English monarchy and renamed New York, and encouraged the creation of a Quaker colony in Pennsylvania. It originated as a land grant to one or more proprietors who then had the right to rule monarchical.
16. What two colonies came out of the creation of New York?
...New Jersey and Pennsylvania were formed as the Duke subdivided his grant and gave a portion to two of his friends (New Jersey) in their quarrels William Penn was called in to settle the dispute and eventually was given the other half which was called Pennsylvania
12. Why was the Halfway Covenant introduced and what was the result?
...The children were not converting to their churches. So to allow those that had not converted to be members they had the halfway covenant. They could baptize infants but could not have voting privileges or be a part of communion.
13. What did the Quakers believe?
...They believed that God spoke directly to each individual through an inner light and that individuals needed neither a preacher nor the bible to discover God's word. All human beings were equal in God's eyes. Women fully participated.
14. What did the witch trials signal?
...They signaled the erosion of religious confidence and assurance. The women were well known to their accusers and they were all so worried about the sins of others that they pointed fingers in their belief in the supernatural origins of evil and doubt about their own faith.
18. What was William Penn's Indian policy?
...To love and help and do good to one another and to enjoy the land with them with their consent, and by paying the Indians for them.
17. Why did Charles II make William Penn the proprietor of a new colony? Which one?
..Because of his organizing of a Quaker colony and England wanted to get rid of all their Quakers and send them there. Charles the II was good friends with William Penn..
22. Puritans
..Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine reformation. They wanted an individual relationship with God developed through Bible study, prayer, and introspection..
Why were canals such an important innovation in the early nineteenth century?
Transport via canal was cheap because animal-drawn barges could move heavy loads.
They performed menial labor.
What happened to most black slaves who fled to the British army during the Revolutionary War?
Governor Bernard's dissolution of the colonial assembly
What provoked the uproar that overtook the city of Boston in the summer of 1768?
What percentage of free African Americans owned property in the mid-nineteenth century?
10 percent
15. During the Middle Passage (the long trip across the Atlantic from Africa to the Americas), African slaves on average died at a rate of a. 100 percent. b. 5 percent. c. 15 percent. d. 60 percent.
15 percent.
Wheat productionDuring the Middle Passage, African slaves on average died at a rate of
15 percent.
Contested land in the Ohio Valley
What sparked the Seven Years' War between England and France in 1754?
What percentage of the population in the South consisted of enslaved black people in 1770?
40 percent
The average age of the framer of the constitution was approximately
40years old.
To help solve the confederation's postwar economic problems, the superintendent of finance, Robert Morris, suggested
5% impost
What percentage of the American population lived on farms in the middle of the nineteenth century?
80 percent
What was the Chesapeake incident of 1807?
A British naval vessel fired on an American ship at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay.
What was the Chesapeake incident of 1807?
A British naval vessel fired on an American ship at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. In June 1807, the Leopard, a frigate in the British navy, stopped the American ship Chesapeake and demanded that a crew be allowed to board the Chesapeake and search for British deserters. After the Chesapeake's commander refused the search, the Leopard opened fire, killing three Americans. The incident, which happened well within U.S. territory, prompted President Jefferson and Congress to pass the Embargo Act.
Benjamin Rush and other proponents of the 1790s model of womanhood based on republican ideals helped to legitimize female A. political participation. B. education. C. equality. D. employment.
B) Education
Who was Alexander McGillivray?
A Creek Indian Chief and cultural broker from Georgia
36. Ann Hutchinson
A New England religious leader and midwife, Anne Hutchinson (1591-1643) was born in England, and later followed Puritan leader John Cotton to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1634
What did John Winthrop mean when he said that each family was a "little commonwealth"?
A family was based on hierarchy.
The 1630 royal charter for the Massachusetts Bay Company included which of the following provisions
A governing body located in the colony
Puritanism
A group of Protestants who thought the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth incomplete and WANTED TO CHANGE THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND.
The 1828 election inaugurated what change in American politics?
A less formal campaigning style.
The 1828 election inaugurated what change in American politics?
A less formal campaigning style. The correct answer is c. While Jackson and Adams remained personally above the electoral fray, by 1828 state-level candidates routinely gave speeches to woo voters, appearing at picnics, public banquets, and other popular forums. They also used more informal and even blunt campaign rhetoric to enhance their popular appeal (331)
Which priorities did President Andrew Jackson and President Thomas Jefferson have in common?
A limited federal government
What did cotton production in the South increase dramatically between 1792 and 1800?
A machine was invented that saved labor time
Why did cotton production in the South increase dramatically between 1792 and 1800?
A machine was invented that saved labor time.
What was the "American system" that invigorated the nineteenth-century American economy?
A manufacturing technique
Mayflower compact
A pledge that said that all men agreed to enact and obey necessary and just laws.
Contested land in the Ohio Valley
What sparked the Seven Years' War?
What motivated President Washington's and Secretary of War Henry Knox's efforts to secure peace with the Indians after 1790?
A sense of fair play and concerns about the expense of continued warfare.
servants.
About 80 percent of the immigrants to the Chesapeake during the seventeenth century came as
Why did people attend outdoor camp meetings?
Access to spiritual peace
Why did people attend outdoor camp meetings?
Access to spiritual peace. The ministers who preached at camp meetings used an emotional style that offered a quicker and more direct path to spiritual peace. This gave the members of the audience instant salvation, not the kind that required years of soul-searching and preparation. It paralleled political democratization by offering salvation to anybody who chose it (341)
Having faith that God would save them.
According to Martin Luther's doctrine of "justification by faith," how could Christians gain salvation?
What was the outcome of President Adams's negotiated end to the Quasi-War in 1799?
Adams alienated many Federalists and lost a significant part of his party's support.
Why did President John Quincy Adams fail to gain congressional support for his programs?
Adams lacked give-and-take political skills.
Governor from Illinois who lost the 1952 presidential election to Dwight D. Eisenhower
Adlai Stevnson
Dominion of New England
Administrative union of English colonies in New England. King of England sent an agent and saw that England was not following English laws. England revoked the massachusetts charter (the Puritan Government). England sent Sir Edmund Andros to boston to govern. Failed, and Massachusetts colonists overthrew Andros. Destroyed by rebels.
About 33 percent of all eighteenth-century immigrants to British North America came from
Africa
4. About 33 percent of all eighteenth-century immigrants came from a. England. b. Africa. c. the German principalities. d. Scotland.
Africa.
When the Indian population of New Spain dwindled, decimated by European diseases and hard labor, the Spanish began to import
African slaves.
Men who were landowners and householders
After 1670, who could vote in Virginia?
were headed for the New World.
After Magellan's voyage to circumnavigate the globe, most Europeans who crossed the Atlantic
Why did colonial New Englanders' practice of partible inheritance become a problem in the eighteenth century?
After the passage of several generations, plots of land became too small to support a family.
When did the British begin their evacuation of New York?
After the signing of the Treaty of Paris
Nova Scotia.
After the war, eight thousand to ten thousand runaway slaves, under the protection of the British army, fled to freedom in Sierra Leone and in
American manufacturers specialized in producing items for what market?
American
Organization founded in 1826 Lyman Beecher that linked drinking with poverty, idleness, ill-health, and violence.
American Temperance Society
Who did George Washington appoint as secretary of the U.S. Treasury in 1789?
Alexander Hamilton
Who consolidated federal power over the states with his Report on Public Credit?
Alexander Hamilton in January 1790, recommending that debts be funded not repaid immediately at full value (266)
Who was required to attend church services in Puritan towns in Massachusetts?
All residents
What resulted from General Sam Houston's victory against Santa Anna's troops in San Jacinto in 1836?
Americans in Texas established the Lone Star Republic.
Why did the Americans lose the support of Delaware and Shawnee Indians?
Americans killed friendly chiefs
Why did the Mexican government ban further immigration to Texas from the United States in 1830?
Americans rejected Mexican culture and outnumbered the province's Tejano population.
Which of the following describes republican notions about marriage in the United States in the 1790s?
An affectionate marriage promotes women's service to their husbands and families so that men can better serve the public good
How did John Quincy Adams's opponents portray him in the 1828 election?
An elitist
What did pro-slavery (advocating the practice of slavery) congressmen hope to suppress with their 1836 "gag rule"?
Antislavery petitions in Congress. By the mid-1830s, abolitionists had submitted hundreds of petitions to the federal government demanding that Congress outlaw slavery in the District of Columbia. In response, in 1836 proslavery congressmen passed a "gag rule" that prohibited entering the petitions into the public record on the grounds that what the abolitionists were asking for was unconstitutional (and an assault on the rights of white southerners, according to one South Carolina representative) [346]
According to free-labor spokesmen, who could achieve success in America?
Anyone who worked hard. Free-labor spokesmen pointed to examples of self-made men who had done well for themselves despite little education and few social advantages. They claimed that success was the result of hard work, self-reliance, and discipline (364-365)
How many Puritans left England to settle in Massachusetts Bay between 1630 and 1640
Approximately 20,000
Who led the American forces at the Wabash River battle, the most stunning American loss in the history of the U.S. Indian wars?
Arthur St. Clair
Before the 1790s, how did most Americans view public virtue?
As a strictly masculine quality
Before the 1790s, how did most Americans view public virtue?
As a strictly masculine quality. Until the 1790s, public virtue was strictly a masculine quality. But another sort of virtue enlarged in importance: sexual chastity, a private asset prized as a feminize quality (264)
Why did the pasha (military head) of Tripoli declare war on the United States? A. The United States had issued a trade embargo against Tripoli. B. He failed to secure a large increase in his tribute. C. Americans had captured Barbary privateers. D. American Marines had invaded Tripoli.
B) He failed to secure a large increase in his tribute
Some of the reform movements of the 1840s and 1850s were based on the belief that the era's major social problems resulted from A. psychological repression. B. insufficient self-control. C. economic injustice. D. uncontrolled immigration.
B) Insufficient self-control
How did free-labor proponents characterize wage labor?
As the first step toward independence
How did free-labor proponents characterize wage labor?
As the first step toward independence. Free-labor proponents argued that the system made it possible for hired laborers to become independent property owners. As long as they were diligent and saved their earnings, wage workers could accumulate enough wealth to go into business for themselves and eventually hire other laborers.
determine latitude.
Astrolabes and quadrants were used to
Martin Van Buren's long and mostly successful career in politics may be attributed in large part to his being A. an enduringly popular public figure. B. a sophisticated party organizer. C. a highly decorated war hero. D. the nephew of a former president.
B) A sophisticated party organizer.
When President Jefferson instructed Robert R. Livingston, America's minister in France, to negotiate with the French in 1802, he wanted Livingston to A. negotiate a trade agreement regarding fur. B. buy New Orleans. C. negotiate a treaty to end French attacks on American ships. D. acquire Quebec.
B) Buy New Orleans
In the Treaty of Fort Wayne (1809), Indiana's territorial governor, William Henry Harrison, obtained three million acres of Indian land A. after killing Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa. B. by circumventing the Indian leader Tecumseh. C. for a record-setting price. D. by threatening to starve out Indians who would not negotiate.
B) By circumventing the Indian leader Tecumseh.
How did the federal government achieve its goal of attracting settlers to the new territories of the west? A. By providing advanced farm equipment B. By giving significant tax breaks to potential settlers C. By making land easily available D. By punishing land speculators
B) By giving significant tax breaks to potential settlers.
According to the transcendentalists, how should people discover truth and guidance? A. Through the practice of Buddhism B. By looking within themselves C. Through the adoption of evangelical religion D. By observing all social norms
B) By looking within themselves.
According to Thomas Jefferson, the federal government should not A. run a postal system. B. collect taxes based on population. C. maintain federal courts. D. conduct a census every ten years.
B) Collect taxes based on population.
In 1829, private railroad companies gave canals competitions and the 1st nation's railroad laid 13 miles of track in
Baltimore and Ohio (325)
Carolina
Barbadian John Colleton established which colony?
President Johnson's opponent in the 1964 election was ______. He was a very conservative Republican Senator from Arizona.
Barry Goldwater
Who was called the "Sage of the constitutional convention and served as a first postmaster general?"
Benjamin Franklin
What Pennsylvania physician and educator called for female education because "our ladies should be qualified . . . in instructing their sons in the principles of liberty and government"?
Benjamin Rush
Alexander Hamilton, an ambitious young immigrant, married which daughter of a wealthy patriot family?
Betsey Elizabeth Schuyler (259)
King Phillip's War
Between colonists and Indians of New England. Nipmunks, Narragansetts, and the Wampanoags were the Indians and Massachusetts and other New England colonies were the colonists.
What was the result of the Haitian Revolution?
Blacks created an independent black state called the Republic of Haiti.
What was the ideology behind the theme of Black Power?
Blacks should remain separate from white society and celebrate their African roots.
11) What were two growing frustrations of African Americans even after civil rights gains?
Blacks were frustrated that the job situation had not improved. Blacks were frustrated that the job situation had not improved.
called for freedom for slaves.
Both Thomas Hutchinson and John Hancock endorsed Phyllis Wheatley's 1773 book of poems, which
What did eighteenth-century German and Scots-Irish immigrants to the middle colonies have in common?
Both groups preferred to settle among their own kind.
The Portuguese explorer Pedro Álvars Cabral accidentally made landfall at
Brazil
________ was a strategy that either government would push the other right to the "brink" of nuclear war, but that neither would actually start one.
Brinkmanship
Why did many Americans' support for the French Revolution lead to renewed conflict between the United States and Britain?
Britain and France went to war with one another in 1793 and both countries sought American favoritism.
Around 1810, Indians in the northernmost areas of the old Northwest were making alliances with the
British agents in Canada.
strengthen Britain's friendship with the colony's Mohawk Indians.
British authorities directed New York's governor to convene the Albany Congress in the summer of 1754 in order to
Hamilton, one of the few founding fathers to be born abroad, was born in
British, West Indies Island of Nevis
Many of the Plains Indians that Americans encountered on their journeys to Oregon depended on what for their subsistence?
Buffalo
black slaves.
By 1700, three-quarters of the population of Barbados consisted of
How did Indiana's territorial governor, William Henry Harrison, obtain three million acres of Indian land in the Treaty of Fort Wayne (1809)?
By circumventing the Indian leader Tecumseh
How had the Comanche Indians defended their autonomy and territory against Spanish incursions in the eighteenth century?
By exchanging Spanish captives for guns and showing their willingness to use deadly force
According to the transcendentalists, how should people discover truth and guidance?
By looking within themselves. Transcendentalists felt that people should refuse to conform to the materialistic world or to the dogma of formal religion. Instead, each person should, as a solitary individual, set his or her own course by looking within for truth and guidance. Transcendentalism was an exaggerated form of the individualism that was typical of the era (385)
How did the federal government achieve its goal of attracting settlers to the new territories of the West?
By making land easily available
How did the federal government achieve its goal of attracting settlers to the new territories of the west?
By making land easily available. By making land available to millions of Americans on relatively easy terms, the federal government achieved the goal of attracting settlers to the new territories in the West, which in due course joined the Union as states (360)
How did American ships secure safe passage off the coast of North Africa from 1776 to 1801?
By paying tribute to four Muslim coastal states
How did American ships secure safe passage off the coast of North Africa from 1776 to 1801?
By paying tribute to four Muslim coastal states. Prior to 1776, American ships had sailed under the British flag and enjoyed the protection afforded by British tribute payments to the Barbary States—Algiers, Morocco, Tripoli, and Tunis. Ships from nations that refused to pay the tribute were subject to piracy by the four coastal settlements. To protect American merchants, the U.S. government paid the tribute.
Through what means did seventeenth-century New England colonists obtain land
By petitioning the General Court
Through what means did seventeenth-century New England colonists obtain land?
By petitioning the General Court
Who led the Americans to victory in the Creek War at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in March 1814? A. William Henry Harrison B. Oliver Hazard Perry C. Andrew Jackson D. DeWitt Clinton
C) Andrew Jackson
What did the XYZ affair involve? A. Britain refused to meet with American commissioners. B. France refused to recognize the American minister to France. C. France attempted to extract a bribe from American officials. D. France supported a slave rebellion in Haiti.
C) France attempted to extract a bribe from American officials.
The phrase manifest destiny referred to Americans' A. sense of religious fervor. B. support for the Democratic Party. C. God-given right to conquer the West. D. idea of the nation as a home for immigrants.
C) God-given right to conquer the West.
How did President Adams try to maintain Federalist control of the government in the final weeks before Jefferson became president? A. Adams changed federal laws in the Federalists' favor. B. He used the Sedition Act to dismiss Republican legislators. C. He appointed Federalist men to government posts. D. Adams challenged the results of the election.
C) He appointed Federalist men to government posts.
Why did James Madison undertake the drafting of a Bill of Rights in 1789? A. Federalists believed it was essential to the new government. B. State constitutions had failed to address such concerns. C. He believed it would soothe the divisions of the 1780s. D. He feared the despotism of George Washington.
C) He believed it would soothe the divisions of the 1780's.
Who did President Jackson appoint to cabinet positions? A. Men of all factions B. Former Federalists C. His supporters D. The best civil servants
C) His supporters
Which group's population sharply declined after the California gold rush due to starvation, disease, and murder? A. Chinese B. Mexicans C. Indians D. African Americans
C) Indians
Slaves never went out of bondage.
What was an advantage of slave labor over servant labor by 1700?
Who opposed Thomas Jefferson in his campaign for reelection in 1804?
Charles Pinckney
What was the relationship between churches and governments in seventeenth-century New England
Churches were influential, but not directly involved in government
What was the relationship between churches and governments in seventeenth-century New England?
Churches were influential, but not directly involved in government.
Select all who organized the March.
Civil Rights leaders religious organizations labor organizations
The colonists elected Bacon and his allies.
What happened when Governor Berkeley tried to undermine Nathaniel Bacon by calling for an election of new burgesses in 1676?
Which of the following characterizes the 1777 Oriskany and Fort Stanwix battles?
Complexly multiethnic
Halfway Covenant
Compromise between the Massachusetts ministers that stated that children of saints could be "halfway" church members due to the declining church membership. 1662
What did the U.S. Congress hope to accomplish by passing the Embargo Act of 1807?
Concessions from the British that would prevent the outbreak of a major war
How did the Federalist-dominated Congress respond to the news of the XYZ Affair?
Congress repealed all prior treaties with France.
Which "Enlightenment" concept influenced the FRAMERS of the constitution?
Consent of the governed.
Which statement does NOT apply to the Warren Court?
Critics believed the Warren Court was too powerful and did not take a strict view of the Constitution.
Whose new mechanical reaper made it possible for farmers to harvest twelve acres of wheat each day by the 1840s?
Cyrus McCormick
Why did cotton production in the South increase dramatically between 1792 and 1800? A. There was an increase in the number of slaves to clean the cotton. B. Southerners were introduced to a new, faster-growing variety of cotton. C. The southern climate began to improve. D. A machine was invented that saved labor time.
D) A machine was invented that saved labor time.
Thomas Jefferson's presidency was marked by A. an extremely formal style. B. his exorbitant spending. C. his personal sloppiness. D. a tone of republican simplicity.
D) A tone of republican simplicity.
How did John Quincy Adams's opponents portray him in the 1828 election? A. Unintelligent B. Hot-tempered C. An adulterer D. An elitist
D) An elitist.
The Oneida community was organized to allow members to practice A. folk medicine. B. intensive meditation. C. vegetarianism. D. complex marriage.
D) Complex marriage.
How did the British government respond to American trade with the French after the Neutrality Proclamation? A. It declared war on the United States. B. It ignored the situation. C. It initiated secret trade with the United States. D. It captured American merchant ships.
D) It captured American merchant ships.
Which region led the nation in manufacturing during the middle of the nineteenth century? A. The West B. The Southeast C. The Mid-Atlantic D. New England
D) New England
In many states, divorce could be obtained only by A. mutual agreement between husband and wife. B. church decree. C. one spouse filing criminal charges against the other. D. petitioning the state's legislature.
D) Petitioning the state's legislature.
Alexander Hamilton intended for the Bank of the United States to be a A. windfall for the wealthiest Americans. B. public bank that promoted capitalism. C. way to influence powerful legislators. D. private bank that worked primarily for the public good.
D) Private bank that worked for the public good.
In keeping with the free-labor ideal, communities throughout the North and West funded A. welfare programs. B. cheap loans for small businesses. C. saloons for workingmen. D. public schools.
D) Public schools.
What did President Monroe and former president Jefferson worry that the crisis over the admission of Missouri might do? A. Precipitate a civil war between North and South B. Lead to demands for national emancipation C. Spark new conflict with Indians D. Revive the Federalist Party in the North
D) Revive the Federalist Party in the North
Who opposed the steep federal tariffs passed in 1816 and 1824? A. New England merchants B. Middle-state wheat farmers C. The urban working classes D. Southern planters
D) Southern planters
What did the Ninth and Tenth Amendments consider? A. Individual liberties B. The right to a public education C. Women's rights D. The boundary of federal authority
D) The boundary of federal authority.
How did the federal government respond when westward-bound emigrants asked for more protection against the Plains Indians? A. It gave the emigrants weapons for self-defense. B. The government sent troops to attack the Plains Indians at Fort Laramie. C. Officials arrested and jailed the Plains Indians. D. The government persuaded Indians to move to specific areas.
D) The government persuaded Indians to move to specific areas.
What did Tories fear?
Democratic tyranny
Political party that evolved out of Democratic Republicans after 1834.
Democrats
The goal of the British strategy in 1777, which began with Burgoynes capture of Fort Ticonderoga, was to
a capture Charleston
Select the five "dreams" mentioned by King in his speech.
Dr. King dreamed that the nation would live up to the ideals in the creed, "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal." Dr. King dreamed that Mississippi, ". . . sweltering with the heat of injustice . . ." would become a state that embraced freedom and justice. Dr. King dreamed that his children would live in a country that would judge their character, not their skin color. Dr. King dreamed that black children and white children in Alabama would join hands as brothers and sisters. Dr. King dreamed that sons of slaves and slave owners would be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
When did the first signs of distinct and adversarial political groups appear in the United States?
During Washington's second term
The female academies founded between the 1790s and the 1830s catered to girls from which class or classes of American families?
Elite and middling families
Which monarch reaffirmed the English Reformation, making it a defining feature of English national identity?
Elizabeth 1
Why did Elizabeth I seek to position the English church between the extremes of Catholicism and Puritanism in the second half of the sixteenth century
Elizabeth sought to strengthen both the monarchy and the nation
Why did Elizabeth I seek to position the English church between the extremes of Catholicism and Puritanism in the second half of the sixteenth century?
Elizabeth sought to strengthen both the monarchy and the nation.
In the Treaty of Fort Wayne (1809), Indiana's territorial governor, William Henry Harrison, obtained three million acres of Indian land
by circumventing the Indian leader Tecumseh.
How did the English church and state respond to the Reformation in the 1520s
England's church remained within the Catholic fold, and the King assented
Roger Williams
English Protestant theologian who wanted religious freedom and separation of church and state. 1636, began the colony of Providence Plantation. Started the first Baptist church in America. Puritan Minister. Moved to Plymouth colony. Spent time with the Narragansett Indians. Thought that all humans should live according to their consciences as revealed to them by God.
29. Puritan Revolution
English civil war that arose out of disputes between King Charles I and Parliament which was dominated by Puritans.
Canal finsished in 1825, covering 350 miles between Albany and Buffalo and linking the port of New York City with the entire Great Lakes region.
Erie Canal
What did the common form of protest known by slaves as "lying out" entail?
Escaping from the plantation for a few days to avoid work or punishment
Why were American manufacturers in the first half of the nineteenth century, unlike their European counterparts, spurred to invent labor-saving methods and devices?
Factory workers in the United States were in limited supply and thus more expensive.
What did the Haitian Revolution spark in the United States?
Fears of a slave rebellion (278-279)
34. John Winthrop
For all to subordinate their individual interests to the common good. To be knit together. Labor together, morn together, rejoice in family, Church, and community
Why did William Marbury sue Thomas Jefferson's secretary of state, James Madison, in 1801?
For failure to follow through on his appointment to the federal judiciary by John Adams
What president signed in 1857 a anti-polygamy legislation after the Mormons were caught in Salt Lake Utah?
Former President Abraham Lincoln and by 1890, Mormons officially abandoned their plural marriages (374)
Why did many artisans, manufacturers, and shopkeepers in the middle colonies in the eighteenth century prefer servants' labor over that of wage workers?
Four months of workers' wages would pay for five or six years of servant labor.
In 1800, Spain struck a secret deal to transfer its trans-Mississippi land to
France. In 1800 Spain stuck a secret deal to return the trans-Mississippi territory to France (Spain had received the land from France after the Seven Years' War). It hoped that a French Louisiana would provide a buffer zone between Spain's more valuable holdings in Mexico and the land-hungry Americans.
How did the colonists of New France respond to England's Glorious Revolution?
French colonists attacked villages in New England and New York.
How did France respond to the Jay Treaty after 1796?
French privateers seized American ships carrying British goods.
How did France respond to the Jay Treaty?
French privateers seized American ships carrying British goods. The French saw the Jay Treaty as a document that made the United States a British satellite. They retaliated by abandoning the terms of the 1778 wartime alliance with the United States and allowing French privateers to grab American ships transporting British goods (275-277)
The Haitian Revolution of 1791-1804 ultimately involved which parties?
French, Spanish, and British troops and the island's inhabitants
Italy.
From the twelfth century through the fifteenth century, Mediterranean trade was dominated by cities in
Why did German immigrants fare better in the United States in the nineteenth century than Irish immigrants?
German immigrants came to the United States with more skills and more resources than the Irish.
Unlike less orthodox English Protestants in the sixteenth century, the Puritans sought to
emphasize the individual's relationship with God
Egyptian leader who created an international crisis by nationalizing the Suez Canal
Gamal Abdel Nasser
American stamp distributors
George Grenville delegated the administration of the Stamp Act of 1765 to whom?
President Johnson put pressure on Governor _________ to uphold federal laws regarding civil rights.
George Wallace
the French would not depart from the disputed territory.
George Washington's first armed expedition against the French in the Ohio Valley demonstrated that
the French would not depart from the disputed territory.
George Washington's first armed expedition against the French in the Ohio Valley in 1754 demonstrated that
Who was the most famous revivalist in the eighteenth century?
George Whitefield
18. The most famous revivalist in the eighteenth century was a. George Whitefield. b. Benjamin Franklin. c. Jonathan Edwards. d. William Moraley.
George Whitefield.
What was Germany's role in helping start Russian and American rocket programs?
Germany developed advanced rocket technology during World War II. After the war, Americans and Russians captured German rocket parts, plans, and recruited scientists.
Who did France enlist to scout the Atlantic coast of North America for a Northwest Passage?
Giovanni da Verrazano
Puritans believed in predestination, which meant that
God had already decided which souls would receive eternal life
Seventeenth-century New England Puritans believed in predestination, which meant that
God had already decided which souls would receive eternal life
The phrase manifest destiny referred to Americans'
God-given right to conquer the West. According to John L. O'Sullivan, the journalist who coined the phrase manifest destiny, Americans had the duty to resist any foreign power that attempted to keep Americans from inhabiting the entire North American continent. O'Sullivan argued that American institutions and culture were so superior to all other forms of civilization that God had granted Americans the right to the land (370)
Who was responsible for the expansion of American roadways in the 1790s?
Government and private interests
American claims to the Oregon Country competed with those of which nation?
Great Britain. The United States and Great Britain each claimed the Oregon Country as its own. In 1818, the two countries agreed to a "joint occupation" that opened the area to settlement by citizens of both nations. By the 1840s, American expansionist fervor had propelled thousands of emigrants to make the arduous journey to Oregon (370)
in south carolina what was the result of gates defeat at camden and benedict arnolds treason
Guerrilla war
What kind of tone did Thomas Jefferson set for his presidency when he took office in 1801?
He set a tone of republican simplicity.
In the Jacksonian era, ideas about gender relations revolved around the notion that husbands and wives had what?
Had separate spheres of activity.
Why did Alexander Hamilton advocate the U.S. government's assumption of the states' wartime debts?
Hamilton wanted to cement the nation by consolidating federal power over the states
Why did Alexander Hamilton advocate the U.S. government's assumption of the states' wartime debts?
Hamilton wanted to cement the nation by consolidating federal power over the states.
What were the two Alien Acts passed by Congress in 1798 designed to do?
Harass French immigrants who were already in the United States
Why did President Jefferson give the Osage women spinning wheels and looms as gifts?
He wanted them to embrace agricultural civilization.
Why did Alexander Hamilton exercise a great deal of influence in John Adams's administration?
He advised cabinet members.
Why did Alexander Hamilton exercise a great deal of influence in John Adam's administration?
He advised cabinet members. Alexander Hamilton returned to his private law practice in 1795, but he remained politically active. He tried to influence the outcome of the 1796 election, agitating in favor of Thomas Pinckney of South Carolina. Though Adams was elected instead, Hamilton maintained his influence in the federal government by privately advising three of Adams's cabinet members.
How did President Adams try to prolong his influence in the U.S. government in the final weeks before Jefferson became president?
He appointed 217 men to government posts.
How did President Adams try to maintain Federalist control of the government in the final weeks before Jefferson became president?
He appointed Federalist men to government posts.
Why did James Madison oppose Hamilton's plan for a national Bank of the United States?
He believed it would give a few wealthy bankers too much influence over the economy
Why did James Madison oppose Hamilton's plan for a national Bank of the United States?
He believed it would give a few wealthy bankers too much influence over the economy.
Why did Federalist Alexander Hamilton back Thomas Jefferson over Aaron Burr after the election of 1800 reached the House of Representatives?
He believed that Burr's character flaws would make him more dangerous in the presidency than Jefferson.
2. What happened when King Charles I dissolved Parliament in 1629?
He confiscated the Catholic Church of property appointed bishops Church hierarchy
Why did Alexander Hamilton propose that the federal government should elect to delay repayment of its public debt?
He desired to pursue policies to make the country creditworthy rather than debt free
Why did Alexander Hamilton propose that the federal government should elect to delay repayment of its public debt?
He desired to pursue policies to make the country creditworthy rather than debt free.
How did John Adams respond to his wife Abigail Adams s call to Remember the Ladies?
He dismissed her ideas.
Why did the pasha (military head) of Tripoli declare war on the United States?
He failed to secure a large increase in his tribute.
What strategy did Thomas Jefferson employ to reduce the national debt?
He implemented significant reductions in military expenditures.
What strategy did Thomas Jefferson employ to facilitate a productive alliance with the Osage Indians when he initiated diplomatic relations with them in 1804?
He invited the Osage to Washington and positioned them as equals of the Americans.
Why did President John Quincy Adams fail to gain congressional support for his programs?
He lacked give-and-take political skills; it required to gain congressional support, he was unable to implement much of his program. He scorned the idea of courting votes to gain support and using the patronage system to enhance his power (315)
Which statement was NOT part of Eisenhower's election platform?
He promised to expand New Deal policies.
Why did the new president George Washington calculate his moves so carefully during his first years in office?
He recognized that every step set a precedent and that a misstep might harm the government
Why did the new president George Washington calculate his moves so carefully during his first years in office?
He recognized that every step set a precedent and that a misstep might harm the government.
In his speech, how did Dr. King describe the current condition of the "Negro?"
He said that the "Negro" was still not free—"an exile in his own land."
How did Andrew Jackson respond to South Carolina's nullification of the Tariff of Abominations?
He sent armed ships to Charleston harbor and threatened to invade the state.
Why did Talleyrand send three French agents—later known to the American public as X, Y, and Z—to meet American commissioners in the fall of 1797?
He sent the agents to offer a bribe to the American commissioners.
Why did the Second Continental Congress choose George Washington to command the Continental army?
He was a southerner
The War Hawks who agitated in the U.S. Congress in 1811 were lead by
Henry Clay and John Calhoun.
Which English monarch initiated the English Reformation by breaking from Rome and taking control of the Church of England?
Henry VIII
What led American political leaders to nominate George Washington as the country's first president?
His embodiment of disinterested, public-spirited leadership
What undermined Martin Van Buren's chance for a second term as president?
His inability to end the economic depression
What undermined Martin Van Buren's chance for a second term as president?
His inability to end the economic depression.
What undermined Martin Van Buren's chance for a second term as president?
His inability to end the economic depression. Van Buren was a master of sophisticated party organization and had been an important part of Jackson's administration. However, a month after he took office in 1837, an economic panic hit. His attempts to create an independent treasury system did not come to fruition until 1840, after four years of a tumultuous economy had more or less ruined his chances for a second term.
Why did Thomas Jefferson refer to his election to the U.S. presidency as the "revolution of 1800"?
His presidency focused on reversing the Federalist practices of his predecessors.
Whom did President Jackson appoint to cabinet positions?
His supporters
In 1608 separatist Protestants, later know as Pilgrims, left England and settled in
Holland
Plymouth colony
Home of the Pilgrims in Mass. One of the earliest successful colonies to be founded by the English. Established a treaty with Chief Massasoit.
Eisenhower's campaign used the slogan "________" and distributed thousands of buttons, even to children.
I like ike
In 1945, the U.S. House of Representatives created the _________ (HUAC) to investigate suspicious persons and organizations that might be undermining the security of the United States.
House Un-American Activities Committee
Gage rejected slaves' offers to fight for the British while Dunmore accepted them.
How did General Gage's approach to American slaves in Boston compare to the approach taken by Lord Dunmore in Virginia during the Revolutionary War?
By organizing a street demonstration
How did Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty express their opposition to the Stamp Act in 1765?
By organizing a street demonstration
How did Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty oppose the Stamp Act?
By committing massive resources to fighting the war worldwide
How did William Pitt finally engineer the turning point of the Seven Years' War?
Boston harbor was closed to all shipping.
How did the Boston Port Act punish the city for the 1773 Tea Party?
Boston harbor was closed to all shipping.
How did the Boston Port Act punish the city for the Tea Party?
They appointed northern and southern superintendents to negotiate Indian affairs.
How did the British respond to the Albany Plan of Union in 1754?
It asserted Parliament's right to legislate for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever."
How did the Declaratory Act demonstrate Britain's refusal to compromise on Parliament's power to tax?
It was openly designed to raise money.
How did the Stamp Act differ from Britain's earlier legislative efforts to raise revenue in the American colonies?
It was openly designed to raise money.
How did the Stamp Act differ from earlier legislative efforts to raise revenue?
By lowering the duty on French molasses
How did the Sugar Act aim to end the illegal importation of French molasses directly into the colonies?
By lowering the duty on French molasses
How did the Sugar Act of 1764 aim to end the illegal importation of French molasses directly into the colonies?
Offering fifty acres of land
How did the Virginia Company, and later the royal government, convince settlers to pay their own way to Virginia?
It was not nearly enough to finance their military ambitions.
How did the acquisition of wealth from New Spain affect the economy of Charles V's and Philip II's Spain?
It eased the class tensions that had been created by the servant labor system.
How did the expansion of slavery in the Chesapeake shape colonial politics?
The agreements revealed that women could be patriotic and important in public affairs.
How did the nonconsumption and nonimportation agreements implemented in the 1760s change the American colonists' notions about white women's roles in society?
From Paul Revere, who raced to Lexington to alert the minutemen
How did the people of Lexington and Concord learn about General Gage's planned surprise attack on Concord?
The Sons of Liberty pressured tea agents to resign.
How did the revived Sons of Liberty combat the Tea Act?
women organized spinning bees
How did women in the American colonies protest the Townshend duties in the 1760s?
Women organized spinning bees.
How did women protest the Townshend duties?
What was Washington's strategy for creating a successful presidency?
Implanting his reputation for integrity onto the office. Washington's strategy for a successful presidency lay in his capacity for implanting his own reputation into the office itself. He was not a brilliant thinker, shrewd political strategist, or a particularly congenial man (261)
What happened to the size of the nation's total corn and wheat harvests during the years between 1840 and 1860?
Improved technology led to conditions that doubled the harvests of both crops.
Mexicans.
In 1521, Corts mounted a victorious assault on the
planting West Indian tobacco seeds for the first time.
In 1612, John Rolfe changed the course of the Virginia colony's development by
hurt trade with Great Britain.
In 1767 and 1768, many colonial towns passed nonconsumption agreements, which were intended to
any able-bodied male slave who would fight for the British.
In November 1775, Lord Dunmore issued an official proclamation offering freedom to
Which best describes the effectiveness of the U.S. policy of rollback (reclaiming communist countries)?
In a few cases, U.S. intervention has kept nations from falling to Soviet- or Chinese-backed revolutionary forces. However, few former communist nations have been liberated by U.S.-backed efforts.
What critical misstep led directly to Whig candidate Henry Clay's defeat in the presidential election of 1844?
In an effort to broaden his support, Clay hinted that he might accept the annexation of Texas after all.
were constantly under white surveillance.
In contrast to slaves in Barbados, slaves in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake
Why did the Mexican government grant ranchos to new settlers in California in the 1820s?
In order to attract Mexican migrants to the province
strengthened the position of elite planters.
In the aftermath of Bacon's Rebellion, King James
repealing the Townshend duties.
In the same week as the Boston Massacre in 1770, the new British Prime Minister, Frederick North, recommended
power and prestige.
In the sixteenth century, European nations realized that colonization had given Spain
Where were most of the slaves in New England concentrated?
In towns
In the sixteenth century, European nations realized that colonization had given Spain
power and prestige.
Act that directed the mandatory relocation of eastern tribes to territory west of the MIssissippi.
Indian Removal Act of 1830
The most important treasure the Spanish plundered from their New World holdings
Indian labor.
Squanto
Indian who helped the Pilgrims make it through the winter of 1621. Helped them set corn, told them where to put their fish, and brought them exploring.
Which group was the biggest loser in the War of 1812?
Indians
Which group's population sharply declined after the California gold rush due to starvation, disease, and murder?
Indians
How did Andrew Jackson characterize Indians during his presidential administration?
Indians were subjects of the United States.
Which group's population sharply declined after the California gold rush due to starvation, disease, and murder?
Indians. For Indians, the gold rush was catastrophic, as starvation, disease, and a declining birthrate took a heavy toll. Indians also fell victim to wholesale murder at the hands of land-hungry and gold-hungry whites (383)
Which of the following describes the atmosphere at Jackson's inauguration in 1829?
Informal and riotous
What did Alexander Hamilton do when he realized that the revenue yield from his newly enacted whiskey excise tax was far less than anticipated?
Intensified the prosecution of tax evaders, instead of abandoning the law (269)
From the twelfth century through the fifteenth century, Mediterranean trade was dominated by
Italian cities.
Why did the state of South Carolina object so strongly to the 1828 Tariff of Abominations?
Its economic dependence on cotton exports made it vulnerable to the tariff's effects.
Why was the presidential election of 1828 unprecedented?
Its outcome was determined by popular vote.
Why was the presidential election of 1828 unprecedented (unknown)?
Its outcome was determined by popular vote. In 1828, twenty-two out of twenty-four states gave voters the privilege of designating the number of electors committed to a particular candidate, rather than leaving the choice of electors to the state legislatures. The result was greatly increased voter turnout: Nearly three times as many people voted in 1828 as had in 1824, and the level of participation remained high throughout the 1830's (331, 332)
What were three things JFK did to advance the rights of women?
JFK placed women in important government positions. JFK issued executive orders to reduce discrimination against women in the federal government. JFK signed the Equal Pay Act in an attempt to close the wage gap between men and women.
How was President Andrew Jackson different from President Thomas Jefferson?
Jackson exercised his presidential veto power over Congress.
How was President Jackson different from President Thomas Jefferson?
Jackson exercised his presidential veto power over Congress.
How was President Jackson different from President Thomas Jefferson?
Jackson exercised his presidential veto power over Congress. He was perfectly willing to veto legislation of which he did not approve. All the presidents before Jackson had used the veto a total of nine times combined; Jackson used it twelve times during his eight years in office (333)
How did President Andrew Jackson and his administration respond to the Supreme Court's decision in Worcester v. Georgia?
Jackson ignored the decision.
Which candidate won the U.S. presidential election in 1808?
James Madison
Alexander Hamilton wrote the Federalist Papers, a series of newspaper essays that helped convince a skeptical public to ratify the Constitution, with
James Madison and John Jay
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were written by Thomas Jefferson and
James Madison.
Escaped convict pled guilty of MLK's murder and was sentenced to a 99-year prison term.
James earl ray
Who became the nation's vice president in 1789 after receiving half as many electoral votes as George Washington?
John Adams
Who of the following opposed the French Revolution?
John Adams
Which 2 founding fathers were in Europe & missed the constitutional convention?
John Adams and Thomas Jefferson
Alexander Hamilton was called "Bastard brat of a Scotch pedlar" by
John Adams because his parent never married (260)
What was Vice President John Adam's sole official duty?
John Adams disliked being vice president because his only official function was to preside over the Senate. He was unhappy that he was not allowed to participate in legislative debates and described his position as "the most insignificant office" to his wife (263)
1797-1798 XYZ affair
John Adams was in charged and sent 3 Americans to France named XYZ by French minister, Talleyrand to make peace treaty but the French government asked for bribes and excessive money and American refused which led to the Quasi-War (280)
The doctrines of which theologian formed the basis for the Puritans' belief in predestination
John Calvin
Who led the overthrow of Maryland's Catholic government in 1689?
John Coode
Who invented the new steel plow that Midwestern farmers used to great advantage after the 1830s?
John Deere
Who did President George Washington select to negotiate a treaty with Great Britain in 1794?
John Jay
Which person gave the famous sermon in 1630 proclaiming that the Massachusetts Bay colony would be "a city upon a hill"?
John Winthrop
What do you think President Kennedy meant when he said, "Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country"?
Kennedy wanted Americans to see that they were the power or agent of change behind government and he challenged them to not wait passively for government assistance, but instead work to improve the nation.
How did New Netherland become an English colony in 1664
King Charles II gave it to the Duke of York who took the colony from the Dutch by force
Which British leader still wished to continue the Revolutionary War even after the French entered the conflict in 1778?
King George III
23. English Reformation
King Henry VIII banned the Catholic Church and declared the English monarch head of the new Church of England.
King Henry VIII
King of England. Initiated the ENglish Reformation so he could be the head of the Church of England. Act of Supremacy. Controlled the Church of England
How did Henry Knox finally coax Alexander McGillivray to the negotiating table in 1790?
Knox invited him to New York to meet with Washington and treated him as any head of state.
The ___________ War ended without a treaty, but the Chinese were tired of the expense of the war, and they did not want to continue fighting the United States.
Korean
Which statement does NOT describe an obstacle overcome by Selma protest marchers?
Ku Klux Klan members turned back marchers by blocking the road to Montgomery.
Why did Alexander Hamilton elect not propose land taxes to pay the interest on the country's large national debt in 1791?
Land taxes would have fallen hardest on the nation's wealthiest landowners
Why did Alexander Hamilton elect not to propose land taxes to pay the interest on the country's large national debt in 1791?
Land taxes would have fallen hardest on the nation's wealthiest landowners.
Why was there a high demand for labor in the British North American colonies in the eighteenth century?
Land was abundant and relatively inexpensive.
What combination of factors facilitated the rapid growth of the American population between 1790 and 1800?
Large average family size and plentiful land and food supplies
What accounted for the 35 percent increase in the U.S. population between 1790 and 1800?
Larger average family size and better than adequate food and land resources
How did the Sauk and Fox Indians resist their removal from western Illinois in 1832?
Led by Black Hawk, they fought the voluntary militiamen who tried to force their expulsion.
For what kind of duties were the colonial militias before the Revolutionary War best qualified?
Limited and local engagements
What was the one major agricultural product exported by the New England colonies in the eighteenth century?
Livestock
Quakers
Members of the Society of Friends who believed that God spoke directly to each individual through an "inner light" and that individuals needed neither a preacher nor the Bible to discover God's Word.
Water-powered textile mills constructed along the Merrimack River in Lowell Massachusetts, that pioneered the extensive use of female laborers.
Lowell mills
President ____________ encouraged Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Lyndon B. Johnson
Why did James Madison undertake the drafting of a Bill of Rights in 1789?
Madison believed it would soothe the divisions of the 1780s.
How did the style of James Madison's presidential administration compare with that of Thomas Jefferson's presidency?
Madison's presidency incorporated more overt elegance and feminine influence.
provided leadership for blacks seeking separatism, not integration.
Malcolm X
multiple languages.
Malinali proved invaluable to Corts's mission because of her knowledge of
The Chinese revolution in 1949, in which communists under ________ seized power, left China under communist rule.
Mao Zedong
________________s "I Have a Dream" speech is considered one of American history's most influential speeches.
Martin Luther King
Why did King Philip's War erupt in 1675
Massachusetts settlers were encroaching on Indian lands
5. Who was likely to immigrate to New England?
Middle ranks of English Society wanting to go to worship the way they wanted to paying their own way and coming as whole families
What did utopian communities like those of the Fourierists hope to achieve?
Models of perfection. Fourierists followed the teachings of Charles Fourier, a French critic of contemporary society. They wanted to encourage an alternative system that removed the evils of individualism and competition. In their communities, which they called phalanxes, Fourierists tried to replace competition with harmonious cooperation based on communal ownership of property, but the phalanxes rarely survived more than a couple of years (386)
What was a consequence of the Massachusetts and Connecticut colonial governments' decisions to sell land directly to individuals in the eighteenth century?
Money, rather than Puritan church membership, became the prerequisite for land acquisition.
Why did James Monroe issue the Monroe Doctrine in 1823?
Monroe wanted to discourage European nations from reconquering newly independent nations in South America.
Why did the Senate reject President Tyler's annexation treaty in 1844?
Most senators did not want to expand slavery. Howls of protest erupted across the North. Future Massachusetts senator Charles Sumner deplored the "insidious" plan to annex Texas and carve from it "great slave holding states." The Senate soundly rejected the treaty, and it appeared that Tyler had succeeded only in inflaming sectional conflict (377)
Which statement does NOT describe a way movie producers adapted to the loss of revenue to TV entertainment?
Movie producers rented movie sets to television producers.
The _____, led by Thurgood Marshall, won many court victories in the 1930s and 1940s to secure rights for African Americans.
NAACP
Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, the __________ and its legal team, headed by __________ , won court victories to secure the rights of African Americans.
NAACP Thurgood Marshall
What did President Washington do in response to the Whiskey Rebellion?
Nationalized the Pennsylvania militia
What did President George Washington do in response to the Whiskey Rebellion?
Nationalized the Pennsylvania militia and set out, with Alexander Hamilton on his side, at the head of 13,000 soldiers (270)
Which region led the nation in manufacturing during the middle of the nineteenth century?
New England. Thanks to mechanization, New England led the nation in manufacturing, shipping goods such as guns, clocks, plows, and axes west and south. Southern and western states, on the other hand, sent commodities such as wheat, pork, whiskey, tobacco, and cotton north and east (361)
The Dominion of New England was formed in 1686 after a royal investigator found that
New Englanders were not adhering to English laws
Why did the Treaty of New York, which was signed by both the Creeks and the United States, remain unimplemented?
Neither side could keep the promises it made in the treaty.
How did authorities find out about the slave Gabriel's planned rebellion?
Nervous slaves told authorities.
How did authorities find out about the slave Gabriel's planned rebellion?
Nervous slaves told authorities. Inspired by the Haitian Revolution, Gabriel was said to be organizing a thousand slaves to march to the state capitol of Richmond and take the governor, James Monroe, hostage. On the appointed day, however, a few nervous slaves went to the authorities with news of Gabriel's rebellion, and within days, scores of implicated conspirators were jailed and brought to trial.
What was the principal trading center in the colony of New Netherland?
New Amsterdam
Which region led the nation in manufacturing during the middle of the nineteenth century?
New England
Most of the mileage of American railroad tracks in the mid-nineteenth century was located in which region?
New England and the Middle Atlantic
Why did New Englanders possess only 25 percent as much wealth as free colonists in the South in 1770?
New England farms did not produce huge marketable surpluses of cash crops in quantities necessary to produce wealth.
In 1809, the U.S. Congress ended the Embargo Act of 1807 and replaced it with the
Non-Intercourse Act.
The Boston Massacre occurred.
On March 5, 1770, colonial tensions came to a climax after
What did Congress promise soldiers who committed for the duration of the war?
One hundred acre land grant
Pilgrims
One of the first Protestant groups to emigrate. Separatists: sought to withdraw from the Church of England. Received permission to settle in territory granted to the Virginia Company. Formed a joint stock company and arrived on the Mayflower in 1620. 101 pilgrims arrived. They COMPLETELY SEPARATED FROM THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND. Landed in Plymouth, Mass. Were helped by the Sampanoag Indians. Samoset and Squanto helped them. William Bradford.
Why did New York's Hudson Valley attract fewer immigrants than Pennsylvania in the eighteenth century?
Owners of estates in the Hudson Valley preferred to rent rather than sell their land.
How did the 1691 royal charter change elections in Massachusetts?
Only those who owned property could vote.
Act of Supremacy
Outlawed the Catholic Church and proclaimed the king "the only supreme head on earth of the Church of England". Henry VIII achieved his political goal of controlling the church.
What was the Potomac River about?
Over good food and wine with Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison, Hamilton pledged to back efforts to locate the (USA) nation's new capital city in the South pleasing the Virginians (267)
accumulated arms and ammunition.
Over the winter of 1774 -1775, pessimistic Americans who were unhappy with the Coercive Acts and the British presence in Boston
accumulated arms and ammunition.
Over the winter of 1774-1775, pessimistic Americans who were unhappy with the Coercive Acts and the British presence in Boston
Which of the following characterizes the Congress's declaration of war with Great Britain in 1812?
Passed by a vote that was divided along sectional lines
How was William Penn unlike most other seventeenth-century Quakers
Penn came from an eminent family and trained for a military career
How did Pennsylvania's civil government approach religion in the seventeenth century
Pennsylvania's government required voters and officeholders to be Christians but did not compel church attendance
The largest treasure produced by Spanish conquests in the New World came from
Peru.
devised legal ways to keep servants under their control.
Planters in the Chesapeake were so desperate for laborers that they
What issue sparked the event known as the Mormon War in Salt Lake City in 1857?
Plural Marriage
Where did the Pilgrims settle after traveling across the Atlantic on the Mayflower?
Plymouth, Massachusetts
What was the long-term result of the English Reformation in the sixteenth century
Political turmoil erupted in England
initiated an uprising against the British.
Pontiac, chief of the Ottawa tribe, became famous after he
The first Europeans to use new maritime technology to sail outside the limits of the known world were the
Portuguese.
What did the United States promise to do in the never-implemented 1790 Treaty of New York?
Protect the borders of Creek boundaries
What did the United States promise to do in the never-implemented 1790 Treaty of New York?
Protect the borders of Creek boundaries (271-272)
Which policy did Henry Clay include in his "American System" during his 1824 presidential campaign?
Protective tariffs
10. German and Scots-Irish immigrants both tended to be a. Protestant and clannish. b. practicing Lutherans. c. members of dissenting churches. d. from urban areas.
Protestant and clannish.
24. Separatists
Protestant who withdrew from the Church of England.
1. What are the roots of the Puritan's who founded New England?
Providence Reformation which arose in Germany
7. When settlers dispersed from New England towns in search of farmland, a. they often died alone in the wilderness. b. they almost always were financially successful. c. Puritan communities lost their cohesiveness. d. Puritan communities regained their cohesiveness.
Puritan communities lost their cohesiveness.
Why did many immigrants to British North America in the eighteenth century avoid New England?
Puritan orthodoxy made these colonies comparatively inhospitable to those of other faiths and those indifferent of religion.
Oliver Cromwell
Puritan who led parliamentary forces who executed Charles I in 1649 and proclaimed England a Puritan republic
Anne Hutchinson
Puritan woman who had weekly lectures on recent sermons at her house. Believed that humans could influence God's will. Was accused of being an antinomian ( someone who believes that christians could be saved by faith alone and did not need to act in accordance with God's law as set forth in the Bible and as interpreted by the colony's leaders. Was banished to Rhode Island and then New York, where her family was killed by Indians
What was the status of Puritanism during the sixteenth century
Puritanism was a set of religious ideas shared by some dissenters
The painting "New England Mother and Child" reflects what change in Puritan society in the seventeenth century?
Puritans had turned to worldly elegance and display.
27. Visible saints
Puritans who had passed the tests of conversion and church membership and were therefore thought to be among God's elect.
William Penn
Quaker who receives charter for colony of Pennsylvania. James II of England gave Penn a large piece of his American holdings. Proprietor of Pennsylvania.
Charles II gave William Penn a land grant to found a colony in America for
Quakers
Who did President George Washington choose as heads for the Departments of War, Treasury, and State?
Qualified individuals
Who did President George Washington choose as heads for the Departments of War, Treasury, and State?
Qualified individuals, Like most other politicians of the time, Washington believed that partisanship was negative and destructive. As a result, he chose men he thought were qualified, regardless of their philosophical differences (262)
Whom did Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., follow in the program?
Rabbi Joachim Prinz
Dr. _____________, along with Dr. King, faced much adversity for his leadership role in the civil rights movement.
Ralph Abernathy
How did the conditions of servitude in the middle colonies in the eighteenth century differ for indentured servants and redemptioners?
Redemptioners negotiated the terms of their servitude, but indentured servants didn't have that right.
Which of the following describes the shoebinding profession in the 1820s and 1830s?
Relatively low-paying work performed by women at home
35. Roger Williams
Roger Williams was a Puritan, an English Reformed theologian and later a Reformed Baptist, who was an early proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state
What was a key issue during the presidential election of 1796?
Support for either France or England. There were many sources of contention among politicians in 1790, but the problem of Europe was most pressing in 1796. Most politicians agreed that political parties were deplorable and that neutrality toward Britain and France was essential.(279)
Why did Lewis and Clark and their crew appear to be peaceful to suspicious Indian tribes?
Sacajawea and her child accompanied them.
Why did Lewis and Clark and their crew appear to be peaceful to suspicious Indian tribes?
Sacajawea and her child accompanied them. The presence of Indian translator Sacajawea and her new baby allowed the American expedition to appear peaceful to suspicious tribes. As Lewis wrote in his journal, "No woman ever accompanies a war party of Indians in this quarter."
Calvinism
Said that Christians strictly discipline their behavior to conform to God's commandments announced in the Bible
Who led Texas rebels to victory over General Santa Anna and the Mexican army at San Jacinto in April 1836?
Sam Houston
Who led Texas rebels to victory over General Santa Anna and the Mexican army at San Jacinto in April 1836?
Sam Houston. In April 1836, at San Jacinto, General Sam Houston's army crushed Santa Anna's troops in a surprise attack. The Texans had succeeded in establishing the Lone Star Republic, and the following year, the United States recognized the independence of Texas from Mexico (375)
What English immigrant built the earliest factory mechanical spinning machine that produced thread and yarn in 1790's?
Samuel Slater; by 1815, nearly 170 spinning mills had been built along New England rivers (325)
What was the significance of the space race on observing and gathering information about other nations?
Satellite technology allowed each nation to measure intentions, military strength, and industrial capabilities of the other nations.
By 1790, approximately 10,000 freed Virginia slaves had formed local free black communities, complete with
Schools and churches.
1. The largest percentage of immigrants to America during the eighteenth century were a. Africans. b. from the German-language principalities. c. Scots-Irish. d. from England.
Scots-Irish
The largest percentage of immigrants to British North America during the eighteenth century were
Scots-Irish.
National bank with multiple branches charted in 1816 for twenty years.
Second Bank of the US
Unpresedented religious revival in the 1820's and 1830's that promised access to salvation.
Second Great Awakening
Alexander Hamilton held the following public office
Secretary of Treasury (259, 262)
Arbella sermon
Sermon made during the trip to America. Winthrop proclaimed the importance of their journey. The Puritans had to make extraordinary efforts to bring into familiar and constant practice religious principles that most people in England merely preached. Spoke of a "city on a hill; the eyes of all people are upon us".
What did British soldiers do when they entered Washington in 1814?
Set fire to much of the city including the White House and the Capitol
Why was the passage of a Bill of Rights an important piece of business for the First Congress?
Seven states had ratified the Constitution on the condition that it would include a Bill of Rights.
What did the New York Female Moral Reform Society work to eradicate?
Sexual sin
The English colonization of Roanoke Island was organized by
Sir Walter Raleigh.
What describes the economic status of about 60 percent of American men in 1860?
Sixty percent of American men did not own land.
Why did slave owners promote Christianity in the slave quarters of their plantations?
Slave owners thought religion would make slaves more compliant and obedient.
Which group was important for creating the speculative fever in railroad construction in the 1830s?
State legislators
Why did the federal government first attempt to regulate steamships used for interstate commerce?
Steamship accidents killed passengers.
Why did the federal government first attempt to regulate steamships used for interstate commerce?
Steamship accidents killed passengers. Water travel was transformed in 1807 when Robert Fulton's steam-propelled boat, the Clermont, churned up the Hudson River from New York City to Albany, touching off a steamboat craze. In 1820, a dozen boats left New York City daily, and scores more operated on midwestern rivers and the Great Lakes. By the early 1830s, more than seven hundred steamboats were in operation on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. A journey upriver from New Orleans to Louisville, Kentucky, took only one week. Such speed came with costs, however—sudden boiler explosions and terrible fatalities as well as negative effects on the environmental such as deforestation and air pollution. The increasing deaths led to initial federal attempts—at first unsuccessful—to regulate safety on ships used for interstate commerce (323-324)
How did Andrew Jackson characterize Indians?
Subjects of the United States
How did Andrew Jackson characterize Indians?
Subjects of the United States. Jackson broke with earlier Indian policy, thinking it absurd to negotiate with the Indians as if they were foreign nations. He also did not think that the assimilation of the Indians was a feasible goal. Jackson asserted that Indian cultures would survive only if eastern tribes were removed to territory west of the Mississippi River (334)
Mary I
Succeeded Edward VI. Daughter of Henry and Catherine of Aragon, his first wife. Catholic who married Philip II of Spain (a guardian of Catholicism). Wanted to restore the pre-Reformation Catholic Church. Outlawed Protestantism in England and sentenced almost 300 people to burn at the steak because they refused to conform.
The _________ was resolved after President Eisenhower let it be known that he was willing to use nuclear weapons to keep Red China from attacking Taiwan.
Taiwan Crisis
What did the Troy Female Seminary in New York and the Hartford Seminary in Connecticut, the best-known female seminaries of their time, prepare their students to do?
Teach children
What was Tecumseh's strategy for defending Indian land in the Indiana territory against white encroachment?
Tecumseh spread the message that all Indian tribes jointly owned all Indian lands in order to challenge the territorial governor's divide-and-conquer approach to Indian negotiation.
How were the railroad industry and the telegraph industry linked in the mid-nineteenth century?
Telegraph wires were strung across the country alongside the railroad tracks.
The Eisenhower campaign was one of the first to make use of extensive ______ commercials and other media to get across its message.
Television
The Eisenhower campaign was one of the first to use __________ commercials to communicate with voters.
Television
What complicated Missouri's admission to statehood?
Ten thousand slaves lived in the territory. Missouri lined up geographically with free states but it also bordered southern slave states. As southern white planters had migrated to Missouri, they brought their human property with them, and thus about a sixth of the territory's population was enslaved. Northerners did not want to see a slave state so far to the north, but southerners could not let the balance of power tip toward the free states.
Who rejected proposals for a negotiated settlement in September 1777?
The Americans
A still-existing financial institution Hamilton helped found in 1784 was
The Bank of New York (268)
What does the Seal of Massachusetts Bay Colony suggest about the Puritans' intentions in dealing with the Indians?
The Puritans intended to civilize Indians with European religion and culture.
minimize the potential for violence between the colonists and the Indians.
The British government issued the Proclamation of 1763 to
What did Thomas Paine s pamphlet Common Sense argue?
The British monarchy was an absurd institution.
Select the three strategies employed by the Central Intelligence Agency during the Cold War.
The CIA sold weapons to leaders combating communism. CIA operatives trained military forces in other countries. The CIA undermined efforts to establish communist parties in other countries.
What was the Bear Flag Revolt led by John C. Frémont in 1846?
The California independence movement that sought to wrest the territory from Mexican control
What did the Supreme Court rule in the 1832 case of Worcester v. Georgia?
The Cherokee were a separate nation within Georgia.
What did the Supreme Court rule in the 1832 case of Worcester v. Georgia?
The Cherokee were a separate nation within Georgia. When Georgia announced that it would subject the Cherokee to state law and seize their property, the tribe appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Although that case was set aside, in a second one, Worcester v. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee people occupied sovereign territory within Georgia and thus were not subject to Georgia's laws (336, 337)
How did the status of the Comanche compare with that of the Osage by the mid-nineteenth century?
The Comanche had resisted American domination, but the Osage had succumbed to it.
Why did the Bill of Rights lack a guarantee of the right to vote?
The Constitution had left the definition of eligible voters to the states.
Why was the Pete Hernandez v. Texas ruling significant?
The Court applied the Fourteenth Amendment to classes of people, not just races.
What was the immediate catalyst for the revolution in Saint Domingue?
The French Revolution
What was the immediate catalyst for the revolution in Saint Domingue?
The French Revolution of 1789; (278)
How did the Great Awakening affect church membership in the British North American colonies in the eighteenth century?
The Great Awakening did not increase the total number of church members in the colonies.
What inspired Gabriel's rebellion in Virginia in 1800?
The Haitian Revolution
Between 1830 and 1832 thousands of northern white women sent petitions to Washington to protest what?
The Indian Removal Act.
Why did nineteenth-century Americans hire Irish workers, despite their prejudices against them?
The Irish worked cheaply and hard.
Metacomet
The chief of the Wampanoags who colonists called King Phillip. The Wampanoags struck the colonists back with attacks on settlements in western Massachusetts.
only to English ports.
The Navigation Act of 1660 required that all colonial products be sent
Alexander Hamilton helped found the newspaper that became
The New York Post
30. Halfway Covenant
The children were not converting to their churches. So to allow those that had not converted to be members they had the halfway covenant. They could baptize infants but could not have voting privileges or be a part of communion.
Which of the following describes the central difference between Pilgrims and the Puritans who settled in Massachusetts in the early seventeenth century
The Pilgrims were separatists who had abandoned the notion that the Church of England could be reformed, while the Puritans hoped to change it
Which of the following describes the central difference between the Pilgrims and the Puritans who settled in Massachusetts in the early seventeenth century?
The Pilgrims were separatists who had abandoned the notion that the Church of England could be reformed, while the Puritans hoped to change it.
What message is the artist of the drawing "The Puritan Challenge to the Status Quo" trying to convey?
The Puritan Revolution had caused great tumult in English society.
Why did Charles I dissolve the English Parliament in 1629
The Puritans in Parliament were too numerous and threatened his political and religious agenda
What was responsible for destroying hundreds of thousands of slave families in the nineteenth-century South?
The Second Middle Passage
The middling and lower orders
The Sons of Liberty, which appeared in 1765, consisted primarily of men from which parts of Boston society?
What was the most populous region of the British colonies by 1770?
The South
The Charter of Privileges, enacted by Pennsylvania in 1701, awarded broader political and legislative powers to what government entity
The colonial assembly
encomienda.
The Spanish distributed lands to conquistadors through the system of
What was the Constitutional implication of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution?
The Tonkin Gulf Resolution gave the executive branch new powers. It empowered the President to commit U.S. armed forces without a declaration of war from Congress.
gave Canada to Great Britain.
The Treaty of Paris that ended the Seven Years' War
gave Canada to Great Britain.
The Treaty of Paris that ended the Seven Years' War in 1763
In 1827 the Cherokee tribe of Georgia wrote a constitution modeled on what document?
The U.S. Constitution
In 1827, the Cherokee tribe of Georgia wrote a constitution modeled on what document?
The U.S. Constitution
In 1827 the Cherokee tribe of Georgia wrote a constitution modeled on what document?
The U.S. Constitution. More than any other southern tribe, the Cherokees had incorporated white political and economic practices into their tribal life. They had adopted written laws, including, in 1827, a constitution that was modeled on the U.S. Constitution due to them intermarrying with whites (336)
What happened to the rancheros who had been living in California for decades when the United States took possession of the territory in 1848?
The US disregarded its promise to respect Mexican and Spanish land titles and took possession of the large landholdings of the rancheros who had been living in California for decades
How was the Cuban Missile Crisis resolved?
The United States agreed to remove missiles in Turkey in exchange for the Soviet Union removing missiles from Cuba.
What event led George Washington to double the U.S. military presence in Ohio in the early 1790s?
The Wabash River battle
In the summer of 1963, as many as 200,000 protestors gathered in ______________, to ask Congress and the President to pass new civil rights legislation.
washington d.c.
who rejected proposals for a negotiated settlement in september 1777
The americans
What sealed the fate of General Cornwallis and his troops at the battle of Yorktown?
The arrival of the French fleet in the Chesapeake Bay
Why did New York City authorities execute thirty-one slaves in 1741?
The authorities believed they were the criminals who plagued the city with arson and theft.
covenant of works
The belief that a person's behavior could win God's favor and ultimately earn a person salvation. Belief in the covenant of works and in the possibility of salvation was called Arminianism.
What did the 1833 Force Bill indicate about Andrew Jackson's position on the question of states' rights?
The bill confirmed Jackson's position that a state's refusal to recognize federal law would be defined as treason.
What did the Ninth and Tenth Amendments consider?
The boundary of federal authority
How was the charter granted to the Massachusetts Bay Company different from most charters granted to joint-stock companies?
The charter allowed the Company's government to be located in the colony.
repeal the act but reaffirm parliamentary power in the Declaratory Act.
The colonists' resistance to the Stamp Act led the British government to
Who was responsible for conceiving and establishing Pennsylvania's system of civil government at the time of the colony's founding in 1681
The colony's proprietor, William Penn
What were the findings of the Warren Commission?
The commission reached the conclusion that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone in targeting Kennedy, and Jack Ruby had acted alone in the shooting of Oswald.
They sparked similar crowd actions in nearly fifty other towns throughout the colonies.
What impact did the Sons of Liberty's street demonstrations in Boston have in the other American colonies in 1765?
The Congress advanced the idea of intercolonial political action.
What made the Stamp Act Congress radical?
What saved the American army in 1776?
The reluctance of the British to follow through when they had a military advantage
What accounted for high voter turnout in 1828 and rising voter turnout in the 1830s?
The removal of property qualifications for voters
The Congress advanced the idea of intercolonial political action.
What made the Stamp Act Congress, organized by colonial moderates in October of 1765, a radical affair?
What was the significance of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?
The resolutions established the idea of nullification.
stratified by race and country of origin.
The social hierarchy of New Spain was
Why was the space race a contest of politics?
The space race allowed each side's political leaders to show their resolve not to back down from any kind of contest.
How did the use of powerful fire hoses on Birmingham demonstrators work in favor of the civil rights movement?
The use of fire hoses on the demonstrators was recorded and broadcast on television. The treatment of the protestors appalled Americans and led many whites to believe it was time for a change.
Why were textile jobs popular with women in the early nineteenth century?
They allowed unprecedented autonomy.
Which of the following statements describes how the American economy of the 1840s and 1850s compared to that of the early nineteenth century?
The economy of the 1840s and 1850s began to incorporate some industrial elements.
a major cause of Indian resentment against Spanish rule.
The efforts to convert New Mexico's Indians to Christianity were
Successful farmers earned much higher wages than workers in England.
What motivated English settlers in the Chesapeake to work so hard in the tobacco fields?
Why was the U.S. federal government reluctant to fund projects to improve public transport during the first decades of the nineteenth century?
Transportation projects were expensive and produced only uneven economic benefits.
How did Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa counter Indiana territorial governor William Henry Harrison's divide-and-conquer approach to the region's Indian tribes after 1805?
They asserted that Indian lands were held in common by all the tribes and could not be sold.
a year's wages.
The cost of passage from England to the Chesapeake was about £5, which for an English servant or laborer was roughly the equivalent of
What was the court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education?
The court ruled that segregation of schools was unconstitutional. This reversed the concept of"separate but equal" by stating that separate was inherently unequal.
What, according to Jefferson's vision, was the western boundary of the Louisiana Purchase?
The crest of the Rocky Mountains
What reasons were cited by critics against removing prayer and Bible reading from public schools?
The critics argued that the Founders did not intend to take God out of the public arena, but to prevent the federal government from establishing a national religion.
Why was the 1803 Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison a landmark case?
The decision established the concept of judicial review by repealing a law it perceived to be unconstitutional.
Why was the 1803 Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison a landmark case?
The decision established the concept of judicial review. In the Marbury v. Madison case, the Supreme Court ruled that, although Jefferson should honor John Adams's commissions, the Court could not compel him to do so. However, by declaring that the grounds of Marbury's suit were invalid because they were in conflict with the Constitution, the Court in effect assumed the legal authority to nullify acts of the other branches of the federal government if the Court determined that those acts violated the Constitution.
only colonial governments could legislate for their residents.
The declaration of rights produced by the First Continental Congress made the claim that
end of the general social equality within the Chesapeake population.
The decline in the price of tobacco in the third quarter of the seventeenth century contributed to the
How did the female employees at the Lowell mills in Massachusetts respond when the mills' owners increased workloads and lowered wages in the mid-1830s?
The employees went on strike.
What happened to the relationship between the Comanche Indians and the United States after the 1807 Natchitoches meeting?
They became trading partners.
of different minds about how to respond to the Coercive Acts.
The delegates to the First Continental Congress were
What did South Carolina politicians devise in response to the 1828 Tariff of Abominations?
The doctrine of nullification
How did the first Massachusetts settlers differ from the early Chesapeake settlers?
The first Massachusetts settlers arrived as families.
What transformed the French Revolution from an issue that divided American's personal opinions to one that infused political debates at the national level?
The formal declaration of war between Britain and France that took place in 1793
What transformed the French Revolution from an issue that divided Americans' personal opinions to one that infused political debates at the national level?
The formal declaration of war between Britain and France that took place in 1793
What was the long-term impact of Brown v. Board of Education?
The long-term impact was a long process of desegregating schools. It paved the way for future rulings and encouraged the resolve of minorities.
By what means did Indians in British North America in the eighteenth century usually obtain British manufactured goods such as guns, ammunition, and metal pots?
The fur trade
In addition to their competition for land, colonial settlers and Indians engaged in conflicts over which issue?
The fur trade
How did the federal government promote the expansion of the rail network in the United States after 1850?
The government made land grants to railroad companies.
Why did the 1795 Treaty of Greenville cause widespread misery among Indians?
The government often paid its annual allowance in liquor.
How did the federal government respond when westward-bound emigrants asked for more protection against the Plains Indians?
The government persuaded Indians to move to specific areas.
How did the federal government respond when westward-bound emigrants asked for more protection against the Plains Indians?
The government persuaded Indians to move to specific areas. In 1851, the government called the Plains tribes to a conference at Fort Laramie, Wyoming, and persuaded the assembled chiefs to sign agreements restricting their tribes to specific areas that whites promised never to violate. This was all part of the government's new Indian policy of concentration (370-372)
Why did many immigrants to British North America in the eighteenth century avoid New England?
The high ratio of people to land
Some religious leaders viewed the financial devastation wrought by the panic of 1837 as punishment for what?
The immoderate greed of many Americans.
Which statement about President Eisenhower's interstate highway system is NOT true?
The interstate highway system was constructed solely by the federal government.
Peru.
The largest treasure produced by Spanish conquests in the New World came from
How did the U.S. Congress react to Jefferson's purchase of the Louisiana Territory at the beginning of the nineteenth century?
The majority in Congress were delighted by Jefferson's success in purchasing the territory.
What threat killed the most settlers moving west along the Oregon Trail?
The nature of life on the trail
What happened as a consequence of states' rewriting their laws of incorporation beginning in 1811?
The number of corporations skyrocketed.
What happened as a consequence of states' rewriting their laws of incorporation beginning in 1811?
The number of corporations skyrocketed. In 1811, states started to rewrite their laws of incorporation, allowing the chartering of businesses by states. The number of corporations expanded rapidly, from about twenty in 1800 to eighteen hundred in 1817 (Pgs. 327, 330)
What effect did the War of 1812 have on the Federalist Party?
The party collapsed because it had opposed a war that most Americans celebrated.
What happened to the Federalist Party as a result of the Embargo Act of 1807?
The party revived and sponsored the candidacy of Charles Pinckney in 1808.
What kind of social change characterized the British North American colonies over the course of the eighteenth century?
The population grew to be eight times the size it was at the beginning of the century.
What was Alexander Hamilton's unsuccessful Report on Manufactures designed to encourage?
The production of American-made goods
What was Alexander Hamilton's unsuccessful Report on Manufactures designed to encourage?
The production of American-made goods; agriculturalist Congress feared manufacturing was a curse rather than a blessing (268)
Why was the strategy of MAD (mutually assured destruction) considered an effective war deterrent?
The reasoning behind MAD was that neither side would start a war because the total destruction of each country would be the inevitable result.
Why did farmers find that greater agricultural productivity was possible in the Midwest?
The region had far fewer trees to clear.
Why did farmers find that greater agricultural productivity was possible in the Midwest?
The region had far fewer trees to clear. As farmers pushed out onto the comparatively treeless prairie of the Midwest, they spent less time clearing land and more time planting and cultivating crops, which increased agricultural productivity. They also found richer soils that provided somewhat higher crop yields than eastern farms (359)
They spent more time and effort growing crops.
What effect did the increasing importance of growing corn have on Indian women?
What was the Middle Passage in the context of eighteenth-century North American society?
The trans-Atlantic journey endured by Africans who had been captured in their homelands and brought to America
already settled by the English.
The treaty drawn up at the end of the war between Opechancanough and Virginia colonists decreed that Indians had to relinquish all claims to land
Which statement does NOT describe an aspect of the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union?
The two sides shared information so each side could advance more quickly.
What factor emboldened the women who worked in the Lowell mills and facilitated their ability to organize the strikes of the 1830s?
Their communal living arrangements
What made the cause of the Georgia Cherokees attractive to their white supporters in the 1830s?
Their literacy and adoption of Christianity
Why did many American farmers oppose Hamilton's new excise tax on whiskey?
Their livelihoods depended on the grain they grew for the distillation of alcohol.
What did seventeenth-century New England Puritans believe about the people they called "visible saints"
Their piety and behavior indicated that they were probably among God's elect
What accounted for the success of the railroads in the middle of the nineteenth century?
Their provision of services to both rural areas and the emerging cities
What did the first eight amendments in the 1789 Bill of Rights have in common?
They emphasized protecting individual liberties.
How did American farmers in Pennsylvania express their opposition to Alexander Hamilton's whiskey tax in 1792?
They established committees of correspondence and held rallies.
When state legislatures codified their laws in light of republican principles, how did they address women's status?
They generally made no changes. Although states rewrote many British laws in light of republican principles, for the most part they did not change the laws of domestic relations. American legislators simply assumed that unequal power relations lay at the heart of the family.
How did Mississippi, Indiana, and Illinois address voting rights in their state constitutions when they entered the Union?
They granted voting rights to all taxpayers.
How did escaped slaves contribute to General Clinton s army in South Carolina?
They knew the local landscape.
What weakened the bargaining position of the Indians who negotiated the Treaty of Greenville in 1795?
They lost the battle of Fallen Timber
What weakened the bargaining position of the Indians who negotiated the Treaty of Greenville in 1795?
They lost the battle of Fallen Timbers.
What weakened the bargaining position of the Indians who negotiated the Treaty of Greenville in 1795?
They lost the battle of Fallen Timbers. (273)
Which statement describes the policies of James I and his son Charles I regarding religion in the early seventeenth century
They moved the Church of England away from Puritanism
Which statement describes the policies of James I and his son Charles I regarding religion in the early seventeenth century?
They moved the Church of England away from Puritanism.
How did New England Puritans respond to Quakers in the seventeenth century
They perceived Quaker ideas as a threat to New England society and treated them severely
Why did many Americans react positively to the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789?
They saw it as a republican victory for the French people
Why did many Americans react positively to the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789?
They saw it as a republican victory for the French people.
Why did committees of correspondence in patriot communities dismay loyalists?
They searched homes for contraband goods
What did the popularity of Benjamin Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanack demonstrate about Pennsylvania's colonists in the eighteenth century?
They turned work into a secular faith.
Why did Britain regularly stop U.S. ships during Thomas Jefferson's second presidential term?
They wanted to inspect their cargoes and ensure that they did not hold military aid for the French.
3. What did the Separatists believe?
They wanted to separate from the Catholics they believe it was hopelessly corrupt they signed a pact before leaving the ship
What happened to Quaker women who felt compelled to preach?
They were accorded the status of ministers.
What happened to Quaker women who felt compelled to preach?
They were accorded the status of ministers. Quakers had a long history of recognizing that women's spiritual talents could equal those of men. Although Quaker governance was sex segregated, with separate men's and women's committees hearing disciplinary cases and formulating church policy, Quaker women were able to lead and speak in religious meetings.
Which of the following statements describes the Cherokees who lived in the state of Georgia during Andrew Jackson's presidential administration?
They were atypical, as most Cherokees maintained cultural continuity with past traditions.
What was the major concern of both the March leaders and government officials?
They were concerned about the potential for violence.
33. King Phillip's War
They were left with a huge war debt and a devastated frontier and an enduring hatred of the Indians.
Why were many Americans upset by the French Revolution?
They were shaken by its fervor and the guillotining of thousands of French people, including the king and queen
Why were many Americans upset by the French Revolution?
They were shaken by its fervor and the guillotining of thousands of French people, including the king and queen.
Who led an exodus of more than eight hundred colonists from Massachusetts to the Connecticut River Valley in 1636
Thomas Hooker
Which of the founding fathers did not sign the constitution and believed the constitution should be rewritten to every generation?
Thomas Jefferson
Who believed that the federal government had overreacted in its response to the Whiskey Rebellion?
Thomas Jefferson
Who did Washington appoint to lead the State Department?
Thomas Jefferson
Who won the presidential election of 1800?
Thomas Jefferson
Who wrote the first draft of A Declaration on the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms?
Thomas Jefferson
Why was the presidential election of 1800 thrown into the House of Representatives?
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr got an equal number of votes.
Why was the presidential election of 1800 thrown into the House of Representatives?
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr got an equal number of votes. Burr was supposed to be Jefferson's running mate. However, when he and Jefferson received an equal number of votes in the electoral college, Burr refused to concede the presidency to Jefferson. This meant that the election decision was sent to the House of Representatives, where it took thirty-six ballots to resolve the question of who would be the country's next president.
Alexander Hamilton served in George Washington's cabinet with
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
How did Mormons establish a thriving community and efficient irrigation system in the Utah desert in the 1840s and 1850s?
Through cooperative labor under Young's direction
How did Spain earn a modest profit from its territory along the Mississippi River?
Through taxes on trade
President Johnson appointed ___________ to the Court in 1967, making him the first African-American Supreme Court justice.
Thurgood Marshall
Why did John C. Calhoun resign as Andrew Jackson's vice president in 1832?
To better serve his state's interests in the Senate
Why, as the head of a new republican nation, did Washington encourage the use of pomp and ceremony in presidential endeavors?
To create and instill great respect for the office of the presidency
Why did New England Federalists call the Hartford Convention in 1814?
To discuss measures to curb the South's power
Why did New England Federalists call the Hartford Convention in 1814?
To discuss measures to curb the South's power. The main thrust of the Hartford Convention had to do with proposing constitutional amendments that would reduce the South's political power and make sure that no sectional party or group could ever again lead the country into war at the expense of another group. Delegates wanted to abolish the three-fifths clause as a basis of representation, make certain important types of legislation subject to a two-thirds congressional vote rather than a simple majority, limit the president to one term, and prohibit successive presidents from the same state.
7. What was the New England town meeting?
Town's inhabitants and the Freemen, chose the selectmen who administered local affairs.
Boycott all goods or products that were imported from Britain
Towns that passed nonconsumption agreements were asking their residents to do what?
Forced westward journey of Cherokees from their lands in Georgia to present-day Oklahoma in 1838.
Trail of Tears
Why did Congress pass the Non-Intercourse Act in 1809?
To open up trade routes to reduce economic hardship at home
Why did the Mexican government allow Americans to settle in Texas beginning in the 1820s?
To populate the area
What was the purpose of the Washington phenomenon known in the years from 1809 to 1816 as "Mrs. Madison's crush"?
To provide a site for informal political networking that smoothed the governing process
Why did Charles II give William Penn the land and authority to form a new colony in 1681
To rid England of Quakers, whom he saw as a source of trouble
Why did Charles II give William Penn the land and authority to form a new colony in 1681?
To rid England of Quakers, whom he saw as a source of trouble
Why did so many Americans pick up and move frequently during the nineteenth century?
To seek better economic prospects
Why did the Mormons flee from the East to the area near the Great Salt Lake in the 1840s?
To seek freedom from religious persecution and find communal security for the group
Why had George Washington dramatically surrendered his sword to the Continental Congress at the end of the Revolutionary War?
To symbolize that military power should serve the law, and not vice versa
Which of the following products could be shipped only to England according to the Navigation Acts of the 1650s and 1660s
Tobacco
launched the first animal into orbit
USA
placed the first satellite in geosynchronous orbit
USA
placed the first woman in space
USA
launched the first operational navigation satellite
USSR
launched the first weather satellite
USSR
local burgesses.
Under the royal government in Virginia, the colony's free adult men could vote for
Most Irish immigrants in the mid-nineteenth century comprised which class in American society?
Unskilled laborers
What did the National Republicans, who later called themselves the Whig Party, support?
Using federal action to promote commerce
Why did Senators Daniel Webster and Henry Clay force an early vote on rechartering the Bank of the United States?
Webster and Clay thought it would cause President Jackson to lose the 1832 election.
What was the date of the March?
Wednesday, August, 28, 1963
The famous Burr-Hamilton when Vice President Aaron Burr shot and killed Alexander Hamilton duel took place in
Weehawken, New Jersey (292)
What accounted for the labor shortage that characterized the American economy in the first half of the nineteenth century?
Western expansion and government land policies
The Iroquois made no commitment to helping the British fight the French.
What action did the Iroquois representatives take at the Albany Congress in 1754?
The Black Death
What caused the increasing fervor over western exploration during the fifteenth century?
Street demonstrations could have a decisive impact on colonial politics.
What did Boston's Sons of Liberty learn from the street demonstrations they organized in 1765?
Bribes
What did Charles I use to secure his selection as Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1519?
American minutemen occupying the town center
What did General Gage's troops find when they set off to Concord to plunder and confiscate a suspected ammunition site in April 1775?
A booming cotton colony
What did Lord Baltimore hope to create by founding the colony of Maryland?
Forbade colonists from settling west of the Appalachians
What did the Proclamation of 1763 do?
Their willingness to pay increased retail prices for some imported products including tea
What did the Townshend duties, implemented in 1767, require from the American colonists?
Reducing the people of the American colonies to a state of abject slavery
What did the Virginia planters who authored the 1765 Westmoreland Resolves suggest was Britain's goal in issuing the Stamp Act?
A secondary American Parliament
What did the conservative Joseph Galloway propose at the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia in 1774 to assist the British Parliament in ruling the colonies?
Forced labor was limited.
What effect did repartimiento have on New Spain?
An alliance between the Mohawk Indians and New York fur merchants
What was the Covenant Chain?
A joint-stock company
What was the Virginia Company?
The French military, aided by Shawnee and Delaware Indians, attacked and killed or wounded a third of Washington's men.
What was the consequence of the Mingo Indians' massacre of the French troops who had been wounded in a conflict with George Washington's men in Ohio in the spring of 1754?
St. Augustine
What was the first permanent European settlement in the present day United States?
Rice
What was the first profitable export crop grown in Carolina?
Becoming part of the aristocracy
What was the goal of Columbus and other ambitious explorers?
Convert Indians not only to Christianity but also to the ways of Spanish culture.
What was the goal of Spanish missionaries in Florida and New Mexico?
peninsulares
What was the highest social class in New Spain?
The Caribbean
What was the most profitable part of the British New World empire in the seventeenth century?
Semiofficial links formed among the colonial governments.
What was the unintended effect of the British handling of the Gaspée incident?
Male, poor, unskilled, between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five
What were the characteristics of most indentured servants?
It appeared to make Spain a challenger to Portugal in the race for a sea route to Asia.
What were the ramifications of Columbus's first journey?
By 1769, merchants from New England to Charleston had signed the agreement.
What were the results of colonial towns' efforts to organize and implement nonimportation agreements of 1768-1769?
Which industry formed the basis of Pennsylvania's economic growth in the eighteenth century?
Wheat production
plundered Indian stockpiles.
When Indians no longer wanted to trade for corn, settlers
To quell anti-British sentiment and maintain order
Why did three thousand British troops occupy Boston in the fall of 1768?
Rivers allowed farmers to transport tobacco barrels more easily.
Why did tobacco farmers prefer land close to a navigable river?
Settlers encroached on Indian land.
Why did violence between settlers and Indians increase during the 1660s and 1670s?
It demonstrated how close New England farmers were to armed insurrection.
Why was the Powder Alarm of September 1, 1774, significant?
They didn't find any riches.
Why were Columbus and his men disappointed by San Salvador?
They embodied the idea of taxation with the sole objective of raising money.
Why were the Townshend duties imposed by the Revenue Act of 1767 unpopular?
Who was the leader of the Pilgrims who came to America on the Mayflower in 1620
William Bradford
37. William Penn
William Penn the proprietor of a new colony, Because of his organizing of a Quaker colony and England wanted to get rid of all their Quakers and send them there. Charles the II was good friends with William Penn he gave it to him.
How did President Jackson justify his veto of the Bank of the United States' charter renewal?
With divisive language
What did General Washington decide to do after the battle of Long Island?
Withdraw to forts to the north
Which of the following statements about seventeenth-century Quakers is true
Women assumed positions of leadership
Who published the nationally circulated Advocate of Moral Reform?
Women who condemned men for sexual sin (343)
As president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson worked to institute
a limited federal government with a shrinking national debt.
Virginia alone had the right to tax Virginians.
Written in 1765, the Virginia Resolves made the radical suggestion that
Alexander Hamilton led an infantry charge at the battle of
Yorktown, VA
Russian cosmonaut who became the first person to orbit the earth
Yuri Gagarin
The Soviet Union was also the first to launch a man into space, when cosmonaut _________ orbited the earth on April 12, 1961.
Yuri Gagarin
What happened shortly after the Continental Congress began to print money?
a black market developed
The application of republican ideals to white women's lives during and after the 1790s assigned them to roles that included
a capacity to influence politics and public life.
What specific concern prompted a resolution by Congress "declaring IN GOD WE TRUST the national motto of the United States"?
a desire to distinguish American culture from the state-sponsored atheism of the Soviet Union
According to seventeenth-century Puritan thought, antinomianism was
a heretical belief that Christians could be saved by faith alone
According to seventeenth-century Puritan thought, antinomianism was
a heretical belief that Christians could be saved by faith alone.
As president, Andrew Jackson adopted the "spoils system," which was
a policy of replacing competent civil servants throughout the federal government with party loyalists.
Andrew Jackson's destruction of the Bank of the United States in 1836 caused
an economic boom.
At the 1787 Philadelphia meeting, the Virginia Plan for restructuring the government called for
an extremely strong national government.
The _______ program was the culmination of America's effort to land men on the moon.
apollo
Columbus's first journey
appeared to make Spain a serious challenger to Portugal in the race for a sea route to Asia.
6. Many New Englanders made a living a. growing rice. b. exporting whiskey. c. at sea. d. refining sugar.
at sea.
Congress adopted "In God We Trust" as the national motto to distinguish American culture from the state-sponsored __________ of the Soviet Union.
atheism
This Arizona Republican senator lost the 1964 Presidential election.
barry goldwater
This Republican candidate lost the 1960 Presidential election.
barry goldwater
The _______ invasion was a failed attempt in 1961 to overthrow Cuba's communist government.
bay of pigs
Ambitious explorers such as Columbus hoped to
be elevated to the aristocracy
20. During the eighteenth century, colonial assemblies a. became stronger than royal governors. b. grew weaker than royal governors. c. lost their influence with their constituents. d. reflected the economic makeup of their communities.
became stronger than royal governors
20. Spain expanded its influence in California in order to a. establish plantations. b. acquire new territory. c. find gold. d. check Russian expansion.
check Russian expansion.
3. In general, the growth and diversity of the eighteenth-century population derived from a. immigration. b. natural increase. c. both immigration and natural increase. d. Indian assimilation.
both immigration and natural increase.
What did Charles I use to secure his selection as Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1519?
bribes
Governments pushing to the edge of nuclear war without actually starting one was known as ________.
brinkmanship
The Supreme Court's ruling on ___ struck down Alabama's segregation laws.
browder vs gayle
The Court clarified the illegality of forced segregation in dealing with interracial marriages.
brown vs board of education
The ___ decision overturned the segregation of public education.
brown vs board of education
When President Jefferson instructed Robert R. Livingston, America's minister in France, to negotiate with the French in 1802, he wanted Livingston to
buy New Orleans.
14. African slaves in the South a. were always imported from the West Indies. b. came from different African cultures. c. came from the same African culture. d. all spoke the same language.
came from different African cultures.
Hoping to create regional markets for goods, Pennsylvania and New York in the 1810s commenced major state-sponsored what?
canal enterprises.
Hoping to create regional markets for goods, Pennsylvania and New York in the 1810s commenced major state-sponsored
canal enterprises. Both Pennsylvania (in 1815) and New York (in 1817) began funding canals, which were shallow waterways designed to accommodate barges pulled by horses or mules trudging along a towpath next to the canal. The states hoped to create large regional markets for goods: Pennsylvania's Schuylkill Canal reached 108 miles to the west, and New York's Erie Canal spanned the 350 miles between Albany and Buffalo, effectively linking New York City to the entire Northwest Territory via the Great Lakes (325)
President Kennedy was the first ___________ elected President of the United States.
catholic
The governor of Massachusetts, James Bowdoin, responded to the 1786 tax revolt by
characterizing the protestors as illegal rebels.
composed the civil rights movement theme, "We Shall Overcome."
charles alvert tindley
The defeat of the Indians at Tippecanoe in 1811
convinced Americans they had achieved a glorious victory. Tecumseh was deeply upset by William Henry Harrison's successful attack on Prophetstown and the bad faith the American government and settlers were showing. This gave him every reason to ally himself with British military commanders stationed at outposts in southern Canada and contributed to the outbreak of the War of 1812, which was supported by the War Hawks, western and southern congressmen who sought a war with Britain to justify attacks on Indians and to bring an end to British impressment of American sailors.
The Court ruled that state laws could not set aside the Court's decision to end segregation of public education in ___.
cooper vs aaron
This ruling overturned the segregation of public education.
cooper vs aaron
Europeans procured a number of valuable items from the New World, including
corn and potatoes.
as commander in chief, George Washington ruled that black Americans
could not serve in the Continental army
In 1780s New Jersey, white women and free African Americans
could vote if they were worth more than £50.
The Erie Canal at Lockport completed in 1825 was
covering 350 miles between Albany and Buffalo and linking the port of New York City with entire Great Lakes region; after wheat & flour moved east, household goods moved west, & passengers went both directions (325)
_________ actions were part of U.S. efforts to undermine communist efforts.
covert
Because the Articles of Confederation had intentionally refrained from establishing an executive branch, the Congress
created executive departments.
The financial crisis triggered by the panic of 1819 in the United States revealed the problems of an economic system dependent on
credit.
___ fell to a communist rebellion led by Fidel Castro in 1959.
cuba
The _________ Crisis began in the late summer of 1962, when American spy planes found evidence that Soviet ____________ had been installed on the island of Cuba. President Kennedy ordered a(n) ___________ of Cuba to keep the missiles from being delivered.
cuban missile nuclear missiles blockade
In the debate over slavery engendered by the Revolution, bills for general emancipation in the Upper South states of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia were
debated and defeated
In the face of the strong desire of settlers to move westward, General Arthur St. Clair's mission was to
displace Indians to allow permanent American settlement in Ohio; Several thousand settlers moved down the Ohio River each year in the mid-1780s, and government land sales in eastern Ohio commenced in the late 1780s, though actual settlement lagged. General St. Clair, the military governor of the Northwest Territory, had negotiated treaties with Indians for land in eastern Ohio in the 1780s, but after General Josiah Harmar's humiliating defeat at the hands of Miami and Shawnee Indians in northwest Ohio in 1790, St. Clair led two thousand men north from Fort Washington to displace the region's Indians and make way for eventual white American settlement. (272)
To ensure all voters were represented fairly, the Warren Court ruled that states must frequently redraw ___________ lines.
district
The Warren Court ruled that ___________ lines needed to be redrawn frequently to ensure that all voters were represented fairly in their state ____________.
district legislatures
6. When bequeathing land, New England families a. left all land to the eldest son. b. divided the land equally among sons. c. divided the land equally among all children. d. gave the land to the neediest child.
divided the land equally among sons.
When bequeathing land, most eighteenth-century New England families
divided the land equally among sons.
President Eisenhower believed the communist takeover of China might have a(n) _______ effect on the governments of Asia.
domino
Between 1945 and 1955, crimes involving young people (teenagers and young adults) nearly _________. This was the problem of juvenile delinquency.
doubled
Dr. King's "I Have a _______" speech is considered one of the most influential speeches in American History.
dream
As Chief Justice, ___________ led the Supreme Court into a new era of prominence and power with its willingness to break with earlier rulings.
earl warren
The appointment of _________ proved to be a boon to the civil rights movement, as he led the court to several key rulings.
earl warren
The Warren Court's willingness to break with ___________ and its view of the Constitution made it very powerful in terms of change in the nation.
earlier rulings
In the lower South in the eighteenth century, slaves who worked in the task system could
earn free time by completing an assignment early.
The _____________ boom was characterized by, and to some extent driven by, a new consumerism.
economic
The Antifederalists could be characterized as coming from
elite social backgrounds. states with solid economic footing. rural and backcountry areas.
17. Rising consumption of various British imports gave colonists more choices about what to buy; those new choices a. improved health and lengthened life spans. b. decreased colonial dependence on England. c. encouraged colonists to think about their individual wants. d. encouraged colonists to develop local industries.
encouraged colonists to think about their individual wants.
Rising consumption of various British imports gave colonists more choices about what to buy; those new choices
encouraged colonists to think about their individual wants.
In the debate over the United States Constitution, the Great Compromise adopted the bicameral legislature to
end the logjam over how to apportion representation.
In Pennsylvania, the seventeenth-century civil government
enforced Quaker notions of morality
Stating that it amounted to government-sponsored establishment of religion, the Court removed the recitation of prayers prepared for students by government officials.
engel vs vitale
The ___ decision removed the recitation of prayers prepared for students by government officials on the argument that it amounted to government sponsored establishment of religion.
engel vs vitale
The Navigation Acts of 1650, 1651, 1660, and 1663 were issued in order to
ensure that the American colonies would yield economic benefits for England
When George Washington arrived in New England to assume command of the Continental army, he found the troops to be
enthusiastic and undisciplined.
By the mid-1820s, the total annual enrollment at the female academies and seminaries in the United States
equaled enrollment at male colleges. By the mid-1820s, the total annual enrollment at the female academies and seminaries equaled male enrollment at the five dozen male colleges in the United States. Both groups accounted for only about 1 percent of their age cohorts in the country at large, indicating that advanced education was clearly limited to a privileged few.
Antifederalists were convinced that, under the Constitution, elected representatives would always be
from the upper class.
In the 1840s and 1850s, black leaders in the abolitionist movement were
frustrated by white abolitionists.
Alexander Hamilton's Report on Public Credit recommended
funding debt at full value.
Under the Articles of Confederation, to derive revenue to finance the war each state was to contribute to the common treasury
funds in proportion to the property value of the state's land.
Members of the southern gentry could be characterized as
gamblers and lavish entertainers.
______ scientists, plans, and rocket parts helped jump start Russian and American rocket programs.
german
14. Slave women were encouraged to contribute to the financial success of southern colonies by a. giving birth to babies who would also be slaves. b. pleasing their masters. c. serving as nurses to sick slaves. d. subduing slave rebellions.
giving birth to babies who would also be slaves.
Thomas Jefferson's proposal for dealing with the national domain advocated
giving the land to settlers
19. What is the Navigation Acts and what was their purpose?
goods shipped to and from the colonies had to b transported in English ships using English crew members. Goods of their choice could only be shipped to England or its colonies. Keeping their trade to the West Indies to themselves.
In the Jacksonian era, ideas about gender relations revolved around the notion that husbands and wives
had separate spheres of activity; the 1830's witnessed the development of the concept that men and women inhabited separate spheres of action, with their own distinctive duties. Men found their status and authority in the new world of work, while women remained behind, looking after home and family (339)
Why was John Quincy Adam's victory in the 1824 election characterized as a "corrupt bargain?"
he appointed Henry Clay as secretary of state. After Henry Clay dropped out of the election, he convinced his supporters in the House to vote in favor of Adams rather than Andrew Jackson. Although Clay and Adams loathed each other, they had political concerns in common, particularly their interest in federal support for internal improvements. But when Adams appointed Clay secretary of state three days after the election, Jackson's supporters protested that a backroom deal had been made, robbing their candidate of his rightful victory (314-315)
About 75 percent of the population growth of British North America in the eighteenth century derived from
natural increase.
After stepping onto the lunar surface, Astronaut _______ said, "That's one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind."
neil armstrong
As the first astronaut on the moon, this American said, "That's one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind."
neil armstrong
Kennedy's ________ plan included proposals providing health insurance for the elderly, federal aid to education, and federal support for other social programs.
new frontier
The Constitution specified a mechanism for ratification requiring that
nine out of thirteen special ratifying conventions had to approve the document
Under the legal doctrine of feme covert, wives had
no independent legal identity; it maintained that a married woman's civic life was subsumed by her husband's. A married woman was obligated to obey her husband and had no legal claim to her property, her earnings, or even their children (311)
In the northern and western states, discrimination against women and free blacks in the half century after the American Revolution was
not a source of concern for most white men. Tens of thousands of women were stuck in low-paying jobs as seamstresses, laundresses, servants, factory hands, and teachers, with little hope of obtaining higher-paying jobs. Slavery was largely eliminated in the North and West by the middle of the nineteenth century, but free blacks were mostly relegated to dead-end jobs as laborers and servants. Most white men felt that such discrimination was normal and even just (364)
Gender relations among black men and women in slavery were
not affected by the legal institutions that applied to whites.
According to Thomas Jefferson, the federal government should
not collect taxes based on population.
in the peace treaty that ended the revolutionary war, Indians were
not officially recognized as player in the war.
JFK was convinced that the United States needed to base its defenses on __________ weapons. He also wanted a strong and flexible ___________ that could meet any crisis in any part of the world.
nuclear military
what service did women provide for the continental army?
nursing the wounded
By 1770, the people living in the thirteen colonies were
of diverse ethnic backgrounds.
Some missionaries, such as Bartolomé de Las Casas, were disturbed by the brutal treatment inflicted by the encomenderos on Indians because
of their Christian scruples.
13. The process of acculturation was helped by a. planters' kindly treatment of their slaves. b. the limited number of languages spoken in Africa. c. planters' preferences for slaves from specific regions of Africa. d. the similarity of the southern climate to that of Africa.
planters' preferences for slaves from specific regions of Africa.
Federalist President John Adams made Republicans hopeful in 1797 when he
pledged respect for the French and neutrality in foreign affairs.
In the early 1950s, a scientist named Jonas Salk developed an effective ___________ vaccine.
polio
What was the long-term result of the English Reformation?
political turmoil erupted in England
Justice Warren did not have extreme leanings __________. Rather, he believed in the __________.
politically law
Having grown up during the Great Depression, President Johnson wanted to see an end to _______.
poverty
President Johnson wanted to see an end to _____________ in America. He had taught school in a(n) ____________ area, and his own family had seen hard times during the Great Depression.
poverty poverty-stricken
The driving idea behind Black ___________ was that blacks should remain separate from white society and celebrate their African roots.
power
Critics believe the Warren Court carved out too much _____________ for itself and did not have a(n) ____________ enough view of the Constitution.
power strict
"If any persons shall unlawfully combine or conspire together, with intent to oppose any measure or measures of the government of the United States . . ., or to intimidate or prevent any person holding . . . office in or under the government of the United States, from undertaking, performing or executing his trust or duty, and if any person or persons, with intent as aforesaid, shall counsel, advise or attempt to procure any insurrection, riot, unlawful assembly. . . , he or they shall be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and on conviction . . . shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, and by imprisonment during a term not less than six months nor exceeding five years." This passage of the Sedition Act was designed to prevent
protests against the government.
In keeping with the free-labor ideal, communities throughout the North and West funded
public schools. The free-labor ideal upheld an egalitarian vision of human potential. Its supporters believed that universal education could make it possible for each person to take advantage of opportunities; in response, communities supported public schools to make basic education available to young children.
The interstate highway system was being constructed in what is the largest ___________ project ever undertaken in the United States.
public works
After the Twenty-One scandal, Congress passed laws making the rigging of ___ a crime.
quiz shows
Congress outlawed rigging _________________ after the Twenty-One scandal.
quiz shows
__________ programming was being changed because of the popularity of television.
radio
The abundance of land in North America meant that it was possible for the colonial population to grow
rapidly and without widespread poverty.
4. The abundance of land meant that it was possible for the colonial population to grow a. rapidly but with widespread poverty. b. slowly and without widespread poverty. c. slowly but with widespread poverty. d. rapidly and without widespread poverty.
rapidly but with widespread poverty.
who won the battle of bunker hill, the bloodiest of the of the entire revolutionary war
the british
According to the advice authors of the 1830's, women's work
was an expression of loving familial duty; housework was complicated, time-consuming, and exhausting labor. However, the domestic writers of the 1830's treated it not as work but as an expression of love and familial duty. This had the effect of erasing the actual effort involved in housework; thus, in an economy that evaluated work by the cash it generated, housework as work became invisible (340)
Alexander Hamilton's oldest son Philip died
was killed in 1801 in a duel with George I. Eacker, whom he had publicly insulted in a Manhattan theater in 1801
Ultimately, the wealth that Charles V and his successor, Philip II, derived from New Spain
was not nearly enough to finance their military ambitions.
Historians use the term "Quasi-War" to refer to the 1798 conflict between the United States and France because it
was undeclared and legally questionable.
The social network that brought politicians together and facilitated communication for hiring and promotion during the Madison administration included
weekly parties hosted by Dolley Madison at the presidential residence. Dolley Madison's weekly dinners, called "Mrs. Madison's crush" or "squeeze" because of the high demand to attend, became an important way for those in government to meet in a nonpartisan setting and establish social connections that were vital to the business of running the country. Dolley Madison's skill at political hostessing earned her the nickname of the "presidentress" after her husband, James Madison, becoming President (301)
After Magellan's voyage to circumnavigate the globe, most Europeans who crossed the Atlantic
were headed for the New World.
Pequot Indians
were massacred by the Mass colonists in 1637
The ideals of the Revolution spurred seven Massachusetts freemen to refuse to pay taxes for three years because they
were protesting their inability to vote.
The fifty-five men who assembled at Philadelphia in 1787 generally
were troubled by the weaknesses in the confederation government.
George Washington was elected president in February 1789
with unanimous support.
President Kennedy issued executive orders reducing discrimination, and placed __________ in important government positions.
women
Which of the following is true about the Quakers?
women assumed positions of leadership
After the war, the descendants of some refugee loyalists sued to regain confiscated property that had entered the family through the mother s line of inheritance on the grounds that
women did not have the independent will to make political decisions.
Some nineteenth-century slave owners permitted slave families to engage in "overwork," which was
work families performed on their own during time off to supplement their diets or earn spending money.
Lowell mills was a corporation that hire cheap workers such as
young women of their limited employment options (326)