History II Chapter 16

The invention of the printing press

The new religious ideas of the Reformation spread quickly due to what?

Christian humanism

What was based on learning the classics?

Martin Luther's religious movement.

What was the first Protestant faith was based on?

Lutheranism- Christian Bible readings, preaching the word of God and song

What was the first Protestant faith?

the reform of the Catholic Church.

What was the major goal of the movement called Christian humanism?

Jesuits and the Caramelizes

What were two new religious orders that took vows of complete poverty and absolute obedience to the Pope.

moved to ghettos

When Jews refused to convert to Christianity, they were

the Catholic Church insisted that he change his belief about faith alone.

Why did Luther finally break with the Catholic Church?

He was called to the imperial diet and he would not re-conform to the religious ideals which outraged King Charles V, but Frederick III didn't want to see him killed so he protected him.

Why was Luther made an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire?

Luther

Zwingli wanted an alliance with who?

Jesuits

(Society of Jesus) founded by Ignatius of Loyola,it was a small group of religious follower/ a religious order. They took a vow of absolute obedience to the Pope, they used education to spread the word, established schools.

Reformation

16th century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church ending in the establishment of the reformed and protestant churches.

Sacraments

A Christian Rite, communion, baptism, confirmation; reconciliation

Protestant

A follower of the Protestant Church

Humanism

A movement that developed in northern Europe during the Renaissance combining classical learning (humanism) with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church

Indulges

A release from all or part punishment for sin by the Catholic Church, reducing time in purgatory after death, could be brought or earned through relics

Peace of Augsburg

Agreement to formally accept the division of Christianity in Germany

Anabaptist

Believed that everyone was equal and called for complete separation of Church and state, they were disliked by both the Catholic and the Protestant

Desiderius Erasmus

Best known Christian humanist, believed Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis. Thought the external forms of religion were not all that important.

Relics

Bones or other objects connected with saints; worthy of worship by the faithful

believed in the separation of church and state.

Both Catholics and Protestants thought Anabaptists were too radical because Anabaptists

there seemed to be corruption in the Catholic Church.

Both Erasmus and Martin Luther wanted the Catholic Church to reform because what?

Edict of Worms

Decree issued by Charles V that forbade anyone to receive, defend, sustain or favor Martin Luther

Anti-semitism

Discrimination against Jews

Ghettos

Formally a district in the city in which Jews were required to live, it was the bad part of town

Martin Luther

German professor, who was a monk in the Catholic Church. He believed the only way to get into heaven was to have faith in God, he wrote the Ninety-five Theses and was excommunicated with the church and was sentenced to death by King Charles V.

The Council of Trent

Helped to support the Catholic Reformation, Put in place by Pope Paul III, a group of Church officials that met on and off for 18 years

he wanted a male heir

Henry VIII wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon because

The emperor was besieged by other problems and did not pay enough attention to developing military forces against him in Germany.

How did politics in the Holy Roman Empire help establish the first Protestant faith in Germany?

predestination.

John Calvin believed in

John Calvin

Leader of Protestantism in Switzerland after former leader Zwingli was murdered

Ulrich Zwingli

Leader of the Protestants in Switzerland, he was murdered brutally in battle, made all churches with white washed walls, a new service consisting of scripture reading, prayer, and sermons

calling the Council of Trent

Pope Paul III led papal reform by

John Calvin

Predestination was introduced by who?

Humanist methods

Protestant teachers used what kind of teaching methods?

Predestination

The belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved (the elect) and who will be damned (the reprobate)

Salvation

The deliverance from sin and it's consequences, Luther thought salvation was from faith in god, the Catholic Church thought relics, indulgences, money and good deeds were the way to salvation.

Justification

The process of being justified or deemed worthy of salvation by god.

Lutheranism

The religious doctrine form Martin Luther, it differed from Catholicism in the idea of salvation, Luther believed it was by faith alone not good works, Lutheranism was the FIRST protestant faith

Antisemitism

What continued through out the reformation?

The Act of Supremacy of 1534

What declared that King Henry VIII was "the only supreme head on earth of the [new] Church of England"

All believers should be equal.

What did Anabaptists believe?

inner piety, or inner religious feeling

What did Desiderius Erasmus think was most important about religion?

human beings went to heaven because they had faith in God.

What did Luther's idea of justification by faith alone mean?

The state/public should pay for it

What did Martin Luther believe about Education?

choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism.

What did the Peace of Augsburg allow each German state's ruler to decide?

after he wrote the Institutes of Christian Religion.

When did John Calvin became a Protestant leader?

October 31, 1517-the Castle Church in Wittenberg, or in a public place, they were spread everywhere due to the printing press

Where and when did Martin Luther issue his Ninety-five Theses?

Zurich

Where were Protestant reforms introduced by Ulrich Zwingli?

Mary I

Which monarch objected to England's change to Protestantism?

the Council of Trent

Which of the following was a key element in the Catholic Reformation?

Lutheranism

Which of the following was the first Protestant religion?

Mary I

Who killed almost 300 Protestants as heretics in efforts to try to restore the Roman Catholic Church in England?

Monk in the Catholic Church and a professor at the University of Wittenberg in Germany, Justification by faith alone-people were saved by faith in god not their good works. The Bible was the only valid source of religious truth

Who was Martin Luther, and what idea of his became the chief teaching of the Protestant Reformation

Desiderius Erasmus wrote "The Praise of Folly". Believed Christianity should show people how to live good everyday lives, not just provide them with beliefs to help them achieve salvation

Who was the best-known Christian humanist, and what did he believe?

The Church needed to focus on the inwardness of religion the external forms (pilgrimages, fasting and relics) weren't that important. The priests were focused on politics and gained/wanted wealth from the Church.

Why did Christian Humanists call for reform in the Church?